Practice Quiz 1

Which of the following are among the top 12 most common elements in living organisms?

Which of the following would be an example of a population?

Homeostasis is defined as:

A molecule is defined as:

An organ is defined as:

A tissue is defined as:

Select the 4 different nitrogen-containing base molecules in DNA from the following options:

Which of the following is NOT a base molecule in DNA?

Define hypothesis

Define theory

Match the following definitions with the corresponding level of protein structure. * [blank_start]Secondary structure[blank_end] describes how the chain of amino acids is oriented in space. A common example is an alpha helix. Another common example would be a beta pleated sheath. * The [blank_start]primary structure[blank_end] of a protein is represented by its amino acid sequence, which is stabilized by strong covalent bonds called peptide bonds. Each amino acid is indicated by a three-letter code. * [blank_start]Tertiary structure[blank_end] refers to how the protein twists and folds to form a three dimensional shape. * [blank_start]Quaternary structure[blank_end] refers to the number of polypeptide chains that make up the protein (if there is more than one) and how they associate with each other.

Define lipid

Define protein

For each of the following definitions, indicate the corresponding class of carbohydrate: 1. Complex carbohydrates formed during dehydration synthesis by means of the joining of thousands of monosaccharides together into straight or branched chain polymers. [blank_start]Polysaccharides[blank_end] 2. The simplest kind of carbohydrate, with a structure consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio. [blank_start]Monosaccharides[blank_end] 3. Short strings of monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis. [blank_start]Oligosaccharides[blank_end]

Also called neutral fats or just fats, this subclass of lipids is synthesized from a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids.

This modified form of lipid is the primary structural component of cell membranes

This irregular type of lipid consists of a backbone of three six-membered carbon rings and one five-membered carbon ring to which any number of different groups may be attached.

This long chain polymer found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls is among the most abundant polysaccharides in nature.

This trace element is a constituent of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells

This trace element is important for the action of certain enzymes and for muscle contraction

Define diffusion

Define active transport

Osmosis is the net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

In facilitated transport, the molecule passes through a channel without attaching to a membrane protein. No change in the protein's shape or orientation causes the molecule to be transferred to the other side of the membrane. The cell just sticks to the membrane forever.

In this form of passive transport, the molecule does not pass through a channel, but rather attaches itself to a protein on the plasma membrane, triggering a change in the protein's shape or orientation which transfers the molecule to the other side of the membrane where it is released.

Define ribosome

Oxygen passes from the lung alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries by means of this process

A pH of less than 7 would be:

A pH of greater than 7 would be:

Which of the following most FULLY summarizes what takes place during glycolysis (i.e., what molecules are consumed, what molecules are generated, and what energy is produced)?

In aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules. In anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to which of the following?

Extracellular fluid that has the same solute concentration as the intracellular fluid, is said to be:

Define catabolism.

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is higher than that of the intracellular fluid is called:

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid is called:

What will happen to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

What will happen to a cell in a hypotonic solution?