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CS Select the definition of "Research":
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A disciplined investigation driven by scientific principles to solve problems and foster the development of novel knowledge.
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A methodical approach utilizing established scientific techniques to address specific challenges and contribute to the expansion of knowledge.
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An organized process employing scientific methodologies to resolve issues and uncover innovative insights.
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A structured effort leveraging scientific methods to tackle problems and generate transformative understanding.
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structured investigation with the use of appropriate scientific methods aimed at solving a problem and creating new knowledge.
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CS Name the first step of the Research process:
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Collect the data
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Literature review
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State the aim and objectives of your study
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Prepare research (study) design
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Formulate your research problem
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CM Select the types of research by application:
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Pure(basic, fundamental)
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applied
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Quantitative
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Qualitative
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CM Select the types of research according to the process adopted to find an answer to
research questions:
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Pure
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Applied
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Quantitative
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Qualitative
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CS When the study results are considered “internally valid”?
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when they apply to the sample that was actually untested
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when they apply to the population the sample was taken from
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when they apply to the sample the population was taken from
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All of the above
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when they apply to the sample that was actually tested
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CS When the study results are considered “externally valid”?
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when they apply to the sample the population was taken from
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when they apply to the population the sample was taken from
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when they apply to the sample that was actually tested
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when they apply to the tested sample of the population of a specific country during a specific time frame
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CS When the study results are considered generalizable?
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if it can be applied only to africans
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if it can be applied to specific populations
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if it can be applied only to samples
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if its only possible to be applied to the same population
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if it can be applied to other populations
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What do we mean by confounding?
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A systematic bias
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In a study of whether factor A is a cause of disease B, we say that a
third factor, factor X, is a confounder
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Factor X is a known risk factor for disease B.
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Factor X is associated with factor A, but is not a result of factor A
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Factor Xis associated of factor A, but is a result of factor A
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CM What do we mean by recall bias?
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It is a systematic error and occurs when participants in a study are systematically more or less likely to recall (report) information on exposure (risk factors) depending on their outcome status (disease)
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Recall bias is present in cross-sectional, case sectional, case control
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Recall bias is a factor present in cohort studies
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Recall bias is common between studies related to analytics
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CM For which observational study designs recall bias is a major problem?
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Case-control
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Case-Series
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Cross-Sectional
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Cohort
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Clinical
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11. CS For what observational study design recall bias can be avoided?
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Case Series
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Case Control
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Cohort Study
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Clinical Trial
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Control trial
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12. CM Case-series study design is classified as:
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Observational
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Descriptive
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Analytical
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Experimental
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13. CM Cross-sectional study design is classified as:
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Observational
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Descriptive
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Analytical
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Experimental
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14. CM Case-control study design is classified as
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Observational
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Analytical
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Descriptive
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Experimental
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15. CM Cohort study design is classified as:
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Observational
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Analytic
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Experimental
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Descriptive
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16. CM Clinical trial study design is classified as:
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Experimental
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Analytical
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Observational
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Descriptive
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17. CM List the types of the observational study designs:
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Case-Control
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Case-Series
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Cross-Sectional
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Cohort Study
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Clinical trial
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18. CM List the types of descriptive study design:
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Case-Series
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Cross-Sectional
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Cohort Study
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Case-Control
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19. CM List the types of the analytic study design
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20. CS Which type of study design is the best for a therapy question?
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Case-Series
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Case-Control
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Clinical Trial
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Cohort Study
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Cross-Sectional
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21. CS Which type of study design is the best for a diagnosis/screening question?
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Case-Series
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Cross-Sectional
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Case-Control
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Clinical trial
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22. CS Which type of study design is the best for a prognosis question?
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Case-series
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Cross-Sectional
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Cohort study
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Case-Report
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23. CM Which type of study design is the best for an occurrence question?
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Cohort Study
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Cross-Sectional
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Case-Report
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Case-Series
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Case-Control
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24. CM Which observational study design gives the best evidence about causality?
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Meta-analysis
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Clinical trials
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Cohort Study
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Case-Control
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Case-Report
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25. CS What does it mean "Incidence"?
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Both old and new cases
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Old cases of a disease
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New cases of a disease
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None of the above
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26. CS "Incidence" of a disease can be estimated within which study design?
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Case control
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Case-Series
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Cohort Study
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Clinical trial
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27. CS What does it mean "Prevalence"?
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New cases only
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Old cases only
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Both old and new cases
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All of the above
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28. CS "Prevalence" of a disease can be estimated within which study design?
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29. CM Choose the experimental study characteristics:
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30. CM Choose the cohort study characteristics:
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Incidence study
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Prospective
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Longitudinal
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Diagonal
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Prevalence study