Clinical Medicine - Approach to the Patient

Which of the following is characteristic of OBSTRUCTIVE pulmonary diseases (select all that apply)

Which of the following are considered OBSTRUCTIVE pulmonary diseases? (select all that apply)

Which of the following may be related to RESTRICTIVE pulmonary diseases? (select all that apply)

Restrictive lung diseases are often complicated with pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale (i.e. right ventricular dilation to lung disease)

Which of the following are characteristic of bronchiectasis? (select all that apply)

A purulent pleural effusion caused by the spread on infection to the pleural space is termed:

Which of the following may be the cause of a pleural effusion?

Lymph fluid in the pleural space (due to thoracic duct trauma or obstruction) is termed:

Which of the following is most typically found in the setting of congestive heart failure?

A tension pneumothorax refers to a pneumothorax in which the defect acts as a valve, causing air to enter the pleural space on inspiration but preventing air from leaving on expiration.

A pneumothorax (air in the pleural space) can be secondary to:

Which of the following may be classified as a pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome?

Which of the following are items used on the COPD population screener (COPD-PS) questionnaire? (check all that apply)

Hypoxia refers to decreased levels of oxygen in the arterial blood.

Which of the following terms/definitions are NOT correctly paired? (select all that apply)

Increased tactile fremitus on physical exam may indicate the presence of consolidation of pneumonia.

Decreased tactile fremitus on physical exam may indicate (check all that apply)

Chest X-Ray Findings [blank_start]Air-space diseases[blank_end] may show poorly defined opacities that obliterate normal shadows. [blank_start]Interstitial diseases[blank_end] may show linear, reticular, septal lines, bronchovascular thickening, multiple small opacities. [blank_start]Lymphasdenopathy[blank_end] may show an abnormal mediastinal contour

What clinical finding is apparent on this x-ray?

Clinical finding on this chest x-ray

Clinical finding on this chest x-ray

Clinical finding on this chest x-ray

Clinical finding on chest x-ray

Which of the following is the primary imaging method used for detecting a pulmonary embolism?

A chest CT increases contrast by a factor of 200 but also increases radiation exposure by nearly 60x.

This imaging method may be preferred when evaluating mediastinal masses (w/ vascular involvement) and pulmonary hypertension.

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding pulmonary function testing (PFT) (check all that apply)

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is the volume of air expired after a full inspiration and may be... (check all that apply)

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) is reduced in both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.

FEV1/FVC in normal patients is usually around 70-80% (0.7 - 0.8)

Check all of the following statements which are true regarding expected FEV1/FVC percents.

Forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF, 25-75%) is expected to be decreased in both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.

Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is decreased in parenchymal lung disease and COPD (especially emphysema) but is expected to be normal in asthmatic patients.

When would a peak flow meter be used?

Capnography is a noninvasive measurement of exhaled CO2 and cardiopulmonary function.

Acute bronchitis is more often associated with respiratory viruses than a bacterial infections.

Signs & Sxs associated with Acute Bronchitis (check all that apply)

Which of the following medications is NOT generally recommended in the treatment of bronchitis: (check all that apply)

Influenza vaccines vary in effectiveness from 20% - 90%

Complications of influenza may include which of the following (check all that apply)

Which of the following are used in the treatment of influenza?