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Sociology Final

Beschreibung

all possible questions of final
acaste01
Quiz von acaste01, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Social Stratification is a concept that refers to
Antworten
  • specialization in productive work
  • ranking categories of people in a hierarchy.
  • the idea that some people are more talented than others
  • All of these responses are correct.

Frage 2

Frage
Using the sociological perspective, we see that social stratification
Antworten
  • gives some people more privileges and opportunities than others
  • places everyone on a level playing field
  • ensures that hard work will lead people to become wealthy

Frage 3

Frage
A caste system is defined as
Antworten
  • social stratification based on ascription, or birth.
  • social stratification based on personal achievement
  • a meritocracy

Frage 4

Frage
the concept "meritocracy" refers to social stratification
Antworten
  • with no social mobility
  • in which people "know their place"
  • based entirely on personal merits
  • as found in the United States

Frage 5

Frage
The degree of status consistency is
Antworten
  • higher in caste than class systems
  • the same in all types of social stratification
  • higher in class than caste systems
  • higher the more productive a society is

Frage 6

Frage
The concept structural social mobility refers to
Antworten
  • cultural beliefs that justify social stratification
  • change in social position due to people's own efforts
  • change in the social position of many people due to changes in the society itself
  • change in family's social position from one generation to the next

Frage 7

Frage
Ideology, or cultural beliefs that support social stratification, is found in
Antworten
  • caste systems
  • class systems
  • both class and caste systems
  • only U.S. society

Frage 8

Frage
According to the Davis-Moore thesis
Antworten
  • complete equality is functional for everyday society
  • the more inequality a society has the more productive it is.
  • more important jobs must provide enough rewards to attract the talent necessary to perform them
  • meritocracy is less productive than a caste system

Frage 9

Frage
According to Karl Marx, social stratification in a capitalist society always involves
Antworten
  • class conflict
  • negotiation and compromise leading to stability
  • the abolition of work itself
  • all of these responses are correct

Frage 10

Frage
Weber claimed that agrarian societies gives special importance to which dimension of social equality?
Antworten
  • economic class
  • social prestige or honor
  • power
  • control of information

Frage 11

Frage
the concept "conspicuous consumption" refers to
Antworten
  • buying things that are popular with the most people
  • buying more than what you need for the moment
  • the practice of buying things to make a statement about one's social position
  • acting as if one had a lower social position than is really the case

Frage 12

Frage
If you follow the lead of Max Weber, you would think of social stratification in terms of
Antworten
  • a multidimensional status hierarchy
  • two major social classes
  • a middle-class society
  • six different social classes

Frage 13

Frage
Relative poverty
Antworten
  • is found everywhere
  • is life threatening
  • is not found in the United States
  • All of the responses are correct

Frage 14

Frage
The concept "feminization of poverty" refers to the fact that, in the United States
Antworten
  • more and more women are becoming poor
  • today's women have fewer legal rights
  • women make up an increasing percentage of the poor
  • fewer women work now for income

Frage 15

Frage
High-income nations
Antworten
  • are the forefront of the Information Revolution
  • make use of factories, big machinery, and advanced technology
  • contain almost all the world's financial markets
  • All of these answers are correct

Frage 16

Frage
Absolute Poverty is
Antworten
  • most common in large nations such as the United States
  • the same as relative poverty
  • life threatening
  • found only in the poorest nations

Frage 17

Frage
Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?
Antworten
  • Chattel slavery
  • child slavery
  • debt bondage
  • servile forms of marriage

Frage 18

Frage
Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers accountable by paying them to little to cover their debts?
Antworten
  • chattel slavery
  • child slavery
  • debt bondage
  • servile forms of marriage

Frage 19

Frage
The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which
Antworten
  • rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries
  • some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others
  • poor nations force an end to control by other nations
  • companies operate in many countries at one time

Frage 20

Frage
The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which
Antworten
  • countries gain new colonies to replace older ones
  • countries rid themselves of former colonies
  • multinational corporations exploit the economy of a poor country
  • companies operate in many countries at one time

Frage 21

Frage
Modernization theory claims that
Antworten
  • poor nations can never become rich in today's world
  • the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology
  • the main causes of poverty include multinational corporations
  • most poor nations were richer in the past

Frage 22

Frage
According to Walt Rostow nations begin at the _______ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _______.
Antworten
  • drive to technological maturity; take -off
  • traditional; high mass consumption
  • high mass consumption; take-off
  • take-off; drive to technological maturity

Frage 23

Frage
Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by
Antworten
  • making poor nations responsible for their own fate
  • supporting capitalism as a path to development
  • explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries
  • claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal

Frage 24

Frage
The modernization theory focuses on ________, dependency theory focuses_________
Antworten
  • poor nations; rich nations
  • the future; the past
  • production of wealth; distribution of wealth
  • All of these responses are correct.

Frage 25

Frage
The concept of gender refers to
Antworten
  • the degree of inequality between men and women in a society
  • the secondary sex characteristics of individuals
  • the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
  • patterns of sexual orientation

Frage 26

Frage
On average young men show greater _________ ability than young women; young women show greater _________ ability than young men.
Antworten
  • intellectual; sensory
  • mathematical; verbal
  • verbal; mathematical
  • sensory; intellectual

Frage 27

Frage
Which of the following concepts refers to social organization in which males dominate females?
Antworten
  • patriarchy
  • matriarchy
  • monarchy
  • oligarchy

Frage 28

Frage
Which of the following factors has helped increase the share of women in the paid labor force over the course of the last century?
Antworten
  • the increase in the number of people working on farms
  • a high divorce rate
  • the increasing size of U.S. families
  • the fact that working women earn more than working men

Frage 29

Frage
The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to
Antworten
  • the barrier that prevents women from being promoted
  • the fact that women's dreams are easily broken
  • the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do
  • the barrier that keeps women in service work

Frage 30

Frage
The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that
Antworten
  • women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance
  • beauty is in the eye of the beholder
  • women prefer men who are physically attractive
  • women today are as physically attractive as today's men are

Frage 31

Frage
What is a reason to see women as a minority in the United States?
Antworten
  • at every class level, women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do
  • almost all women see themselves as a minority
  • in the United States, men out number women
  • all of the responses are correct

Frage 32

Frage
Sexual harassment is an important social issue because
Antworten
  • it actually targets men more often than women
  • half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention
  • it almost always involves blatant threats
  • all of these responses are correct

Frage 33

Frage
Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages
Antworten
  • men to take control of the workplace
  • growing gender equality
  • women to have more children
  • All of these responses are correct

Frage 34

Frage
Feminists support all but one of the following. Which is the statement that feminists do not support?
Antworten
  • ending gender stratification
  • ending sexual violence
  • weakening the importance of gender in people's lives
  • limiting sexual freedom

Frage 35

Frage
Sociologists define the concept of "race" as
Antworten
  • people who fall into any minority category
  • a person's skin color
  • a cultural heritage shared by a category of people
  • a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

Frage 36

Frage
Why do sociologists consider the "scientific" racial types of Caucasian, Mongoloid, and Negroid to be misleading and even harmful?
Antworten
  • Every society's population contains a lot of genetic mixture
  • Various racial categories are genetically very much alike
  • The skin color of Caucasian people ranges from very light to very dark
  • All of these responses are correct

Frage 37

Frage
Which of the following concepts refers to a shared cultural heritage?
Antworten
  • race
  • minority
  • ethnicity
  • stereotype

Frage 38

Frage
Race refers to ________ considered important by a society; ethnicity refers to ________.
Antworten
  • cultural traits; biological traits
  • biological traits; cultural traits
  • differences; what we have in common
  • what we have in common; differences

Frage 39

Frage
Which of the following concepts refers to a category of people, distinguished by physical or cultural traits, who are socially disadvantaged?
Antworten
  • minority
  • ethnic category
  • racial category
  • out-group

Frage 40

Frage
You are expressing a "stereotype" if you
Antworten
  • make any generalization about anyone
  • apply a simplified description to every person in some category
  • hold an opinion about someone based on personal experience
  • treat everybody in an unkind way

Frage 41

Frage
Scapegoat theory state stat prejudice is created by
Antworten
  • cultural beliefs
  • high levels of immigration
  • frustration among disadvantaged people
  • people with rigid personalities

Frage 42

Frage
Conflict theory states that prejudice is
Antworten
  • a tool used by powerful people to oppress others
  • built in to culture itself
  • common among immigrants
  • common among certain people with rigid personalities

Frage 43

Frage
While prejudice is a mater of ______, discrimination is a matter of _______.
Antworten
  • biology;culture
  • attitude; action
  • choice; social structure
  • abnormality; what a society considers normal

Frage 44

Frage
Assimilation refers to the process by which
Antworten
  • people become more tolerant of minorities
  • minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture
  • all minority categories become more equal in social standing
  • people regain their lost cultural heritage

Frage 45

Frage
What Gunnar Mydral called the "American dilemma" was
Antworten
  • the denial of basic rights to African Americans by a so-called "democratic society"
  • the placing of Native Americans on reservations
  • the restriction of immigration by a nation that was built by immigrants
  • the refusal of many minorities to improve their social standing

Frage 46

Frage
The family is a social institution that is found in
Antworten
  • most, but not all, societies
  • about half of human societies in the world today
  • high-income nations, but not in most low-income nations
  • every society

Frage 47

Frage
The U.S. Census Bureau defines the "family" as
Antworten
  • people who live together
  • people who engage in economic cooperation
  • people living together who are linked by birth, marriage, or adoption
  • people who consider themselves to be a family

Frage 48

Frage
A family that includes parents, children and other kin is called
Antworten
  • a nuclear family
  • an extended family
  • a family of affinity
  • a conjugal family

Frage 49

Frage
The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between
Antworten
  • people of the same sex
  • people of different social categories
  • people of the same social category
  • people related by birth

Frage 50

Frage
The incest taboo
Antworten
  • exists only in industrial societies
  • is found in all societies
  • is found among all living species
  • all of these responses are correct

Frage 51

Frage
In the United States, romantic love
Antworten
  • is the reason most people expect to marry
  • is not a very stable foundation for marriage
  • may contribute to a high divorce rate
  • All of these responses are correct
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