4199716
Beschreibung
Quiz von Kegen Sullivan, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Kegen Sullivan
vor fast 9 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
The supporting cells in the central nervous system phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris are:
Antworten
-
microglial
-
oligodendrocytes
-
astrocytes
-
ependymal
Frage 2
Frage
The supporting cells in the central nervous system that provide insulating layers of myelin around axons in the brain and spinal cord are:
Antworten
-
microglial
-
oligodendocytes
-
astrocytes
-
ependymal
Frage 3
Frage
The space between a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron is called the __________, and a substance called ______________ is released.
Antworten
-
dendrites, action potential
-
axon terminal, neurotransmitter
-
synaptic cleft, neurotransmitter
-
cell body, action potential
Frage 4
Frage
During depolarization ____________ channels open, _________ the membrane potential.
Antworten
-
potassium, decreasing
-
potassium, increasing
-
sodium, increasing
-
sodium, decreasing
Frage 5
Frage
During repolarization, _________________ channels open, ___________________ the membrane potential.
Antworten
-
potassium, decreasing
-
potassium, increasing
-
sodium, increasing
-
sodium, decreasing
Frage 6
Frage
Which of these statements about action potentials is FALSE?
Antworten
-
It is an all-or-none response
-
a local current is produced that stimulates adjacent portions of the axon membrane (a wave)
-
normal resting membrane potential of a neuron is -70 mV
-
these are all true
Frage 7
Frage
Which of these fibers has the fastest nerve conduction?
Antworten
-
a thick myelinated axon
-
a thick unmyelinated axon
-
a thin myelinated axon
-
a thing unmyelinated axon
Frage 8
Frage
Which of these neurotransmitters is responsible for skeletal muscle contraction?
Antworten
-
histamine
-
GABA
-
acetylcholine
-
norepinephrine
Frage 9
Frage
Which of these neurotransmitters is responsible for pain perception?
Antworten
-
nitric oxide
-
substance P
-
dopamine
-
acetylcholine
Frage 10
Frage
Which type of nerve fibers conducts impulses to an effector organ?
Antworten
-
efferent
-
afferent
-
interneurons
Frage 11
Frage
Which of these is the innermost layer of meninges?
Antworten
-
pia mater
-
dura mater
-
arachnoid mater
Frage 12
Frage
This part of the neuron is the receptive region; receiving input:
Antworten
-
axon
-
cell body
-
dendrites
-
axonal hillock
Frage 13
Frage
This part of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions such as interpreting sensory impulses and initiating voluntary muscular movements:
Antworten
-
reticular activating system
-
cerebellum
-
diencephalon
-
cerebrum
Frage 14
Frage
This part of the brain regulates heart rate, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, water and electrolyte balance, control of hunger and body weight, among others:
Antworten
-
hypothalamus
-
thalamus
-
basal nuceli
-
medulla oblongata
Frage 15
Frage
This part of the brain contains centers to control vital visceral activities:
Antworten
-
cerebellum
-
midbrain
-
medulla oblongata
-
cerebrum
Frage 16
Frage
This part of the brain is affected by anesthesia, resulting in unconsciousness:
Antworten
-
reticular activating system
-
cerebrum
-
hypothalamus
-
limbic system
Frage 17
Frage
This part of the brain is responsible for integrating sensory information concerning the position of body parts and for coordinating complex skeletal muscle movements:
Antworten
-
thalamus
-
medulla oblongata
-
pons
-
cerebellum
Frage 18
Frage
The basal nuclei (basal ganglia) are responsible for:
Antworten
-
sleep and wakefullness
-
facilitating voluntary movement
-
synthesizing cerebral spinal fluid
-
interpret impulses from sensory receptors
Frage 19
Frage
The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains:
Antworten
-
cell bodies of sensory neurons
-
cell bodies of motor neurons
-
axons from motor neurons
-
axons from sensory neurons
Frage 20
Frage
The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains:
Antworten
-
cell bodies of a sensory neurons
-
cell bodies of motor neurons
-
axons from motor neurons
-
axons from sensory neurons
Frage 21
Frage
Which plexus innervates the muscles of the legs?
Antworten
-
cervical
-
brachial
-
lumbosacral
Frage 22
Frage
Which of these is NOT part of the sympathetic response?
Antworten
-
increased heart rate
-
increased force of contraction of the heart
-
dilation of bronchioles in the lung
-
these are all correct
Frage 23
Frage
Which of these is NOT part of the parasympathetic response?
Antworten
-
decreased heart rate
-
contraction of urinary bladder
-
increased intestinal wall activity
-
these are all correct
Frage 24
Frage
A short preganglionic fiber, a long postganglionic fiber, and the secretion of norepinephrine onto the effector organ are all characteristic of:
Antworten
-
sympathetic fibers
-
parasympathetic fibers
Frage 25
Frage
A long preganglionic fiber, a short postganglionic fiber, and the release of acetylcholine are all characteristic of:
Antworten
-
sympathetic fibers
-
parasympathetic fibers
Frage 26
Frage
Which of these hormones acts by binding to receptor molecules on the target cell and activating a second messenger system?
Antworten
-
testosterone
-
thyroid hormone
-
aldosterone
-
estrogen
Frage 27
Frage
Which of these hormones is not released by the posterior pituitary gland?
Antworten
-
thyroid-stimulating hormone
-
adrenocorticotropic hormone
-
oxytocin
-
A and B
Frage 28
Frage
Which hormone of the anterior pituitary causes cells to enlarge and divide more frequently?
Antworten
-
prolactin
-
ACTH
-
growth hormone
-
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Frage 29
Frage
Which of these statements about the posterior pituitary is FALSE?
Antworten
-
the posterior pituitary stores hormones made in the hypothalamus
-
the posterior pituitary responds to impulses from the hypothalamus to release hormones into the blood
-
ADH and oxytocin are the only hormones stored in the posterior pituitary
-
the posterior pituitary responds to releasing or inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus
Frage 30
Frage
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) causes:
Antworten
-
the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH
-
the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH
-
the anterior pituitary to secrete GH
-
the posterior pituitary to secrete ACTH
Frage 31
Frage
ADH acts on the _______________ to reabsorb water.
Antworten
-
large intestine
-
bone
-
kidneys
-
livers
Frage 32
Frage
Which hormone(s) does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Antworten
-
epinephrine
-
norepinephrine
-
cortisol
-
A and B
Frage 33
Frage
What is the function of aldosterone?
Antworten
-
reabsorb water
-
increase blood calcium levels
-
increase blood glucose levels
-
reabsorb sodium and water
Frage 34
Frage
Which of these is NOT a function of cortisol?
Antworten
-
increase blood levels of amino acids
-
increase utilization of fatty acids as an energy source
-
stimulation of liver to make glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (gluconeogenesis)
-
decrease blood glucose concentrations
Frage 35
Frage
Which of these is NOT a function of insulin?
Antworten
-
promotes movement of glucose into certain cells
-
stimulates formation of glycogen from glucose
-
stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen into glucose
Frage 36
Frage
The pineal gland secretes:
Antworten
-
progesterone
-
aldosterone
-
melatonin
-
glucagon
Frage 37
Frage
Which of these is NOT a response to stress?
Antworten
-
The hypothalamus triggers sympathetic impulses to various organs
-
Epinephrine is released from sympathetic fibers
-
ACTH is released from the anterior pituitary
-
Cortisol is released
-
These are all correct
Frage 38
Frage
Most of the formed elements in a blood sample are:
Antworten
-
platelets
-
plasma
-
erythrocytes
-
leukocytes
Frage 39
Frage
A deficiency in red blood cells or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin results in a condition called:
Antworten
-
leukopenia
-
anemia
-
jaundice
-
arrhythmia
Frage 40
Frage
You just landed in Colorado. You feel a little dizzy because of the higher altitude and lower pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. Which hormone will your kidneys release?
Antworten
-
erythropoietin
-
colony-stimulating factors
-
ADH
-
Glucagon
Frage 41
Frage
This plasma protein isn't used as fuel, but it's used to maintain the osmotic pressure of plasma:
Antworten
-
fibrinogen
-
albumin
-
gamma globulin
-
beta globulin
Frage 42
Frage
Which of these is NOT contained in plasma?
Antworten
-
glucose
-
electrolytes
-
amino acids
-
These are all in plasma
Frage 43
Frage
You go to the doctor because you've been sick the past week. The doctor orders a differential white blood cell count. What does this test tell you?
Antworten
-
the total number of white blood cells
-
the percentages of the various types of leukocytes in a blood sample
-
the percentage of red blood cells
-
the percentage of hemoglobin
Frage 44
Frage
A type B person receives type A blood, what happens?
Antworten
-
nothing, that person will be fine
-
agglutination
-
fever
-
anemia
Frage 45
Frage
A type AB person can receive:
Antworten
-
type A blood
-
type B blood
-
type O blood
-
all of the above
Frage 46
Frage
A type O person can receive:
Antworten
-
type A blood
-
type B blood
-
type O blood
-
all of the above
Frage 47
Frage
An Rh- negative woman conceives an Rh- negative fetus, what happens?
Antworten
-
nothing, the woman and fetus are fine since they do not have the Rh antigen
-
the woman will make antibodies against the Rh-negative blood cells during the pregnancy
-
the woman will make antibodies against the Rh-negative blood cells after the birth
-
the woman will need to receive an injection of RhoGAM
Frage 48
Frage
The thick middle layer of the heart that consists of cardiac muscle tissue is the:
Antworten
-
pericardium
-
endocardium
-
myocardium
-
epicardium
Frage 49
Frage
The heart valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the:
Antworten
-
tricuspid valve
-
bicuspid valve
-
pulmonary valve
-
aortic valve
Frage 50
Frage
The right ventricle ejects blood into the:
Antworten
-
left atrium
-
pulmonary trunk
-
left ventricle
-
right atrium
Frage 51
Frage
The left ventricle ejects blood into the:
Antworten
-
left atrium
-
aorta
-
pulmonary trunk
-
right atrium
Frage 52
Frage
Blood returning to the right atrium comes from:
Antworten
-
superior vena cava
-
inferior vena cava
-
coronary sinus
-
all of the above
Frage 53
Frage
Systole refers to:
Antworten
-
contraction
-
relaxation
Frage 54
Frage
Diastole refers to:
Antworten
-
contraction
-
relaxation
Frage 55
Frage
The pacemaker of the heart is the:
Antworten
-
purkinje fibers
-
AV node
-
SA node
-
AV bundle
Frage 56
Frage
Increased parasympathetic innervation of the heart results in:
Antworten
-
increased heart rate
-
decreased heart rate
Frage 57
Frage
Which of these statements about arteries is false?
Antworten
-
arteries have an inner muscular layer than can constrict or dilate
-
arteries are capacitance vessels and can expand to hold a lot of blood
-
arteries are strong, elastic vessels
-
arteries consist of three distinct layers
Frage 58
Frage
Which of these statements about veins is FALSE?
Antworten
-
veins can distend to hold a lot of blood
-
veins contain valves to help blood return to the heart
-
veins contain three distinct layers
-
veins are much stronger than arteries
Frage 59
Frage
In which vessel does gas exchange occur?
Antworten
-
aorta
-
venules
-
capillaries
-
arterioles
Frage 60
Frage
Where is blood pressure the highest?
Antworten
-
capillary beds
-
aorta
-
femoral artery
-
inferior vena cava
Frage 61
Frage
If heart rate increases, what happens to blood pressure?
Antworten
-
it increases
-
it decreases
-
it stays the same
Frage 62
Frage
The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute is called:
Antworten
-
heart rate
-
cardiac output
-
peripheral resistance
-
stroke volume
Frage 63
Frage
If blood volume decreases, what happens to blood pressure?
Antworten
-
it stays the same
-
it increases
-
it decreases
Frage 64
Frage
A person with high blood pressure would most likely be prescribed a(an):
Antworten
-
insulin
-
antibiotic
-
diuretic
-
nothing
Frage 65
Frage
During exercise, which of the following occurs?
Antworten
-
venous blood return increases due to the skeletal muscle pump in veins
-
stronger ventricular contraction due to the Frank-Starling law of the heart
-
increase in heart rate due to increased sympathetic activity
-
all of the above
Frage 66
Frage
The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart make up the:
Antworten
-
systemic circuit
-
pulmonary circuit
Frage 67
Frage
Which of these structures is not part of the alimentary canal?
Antworten
-
esophagus
-
stomach
-
pancreas
-
large intestine
Frage 68
Frage
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for lubricating the tube's outer surface so that organs within the abdominal cavity can slide freely against one another?
Antworten
-
muscular
-
submucosa
-
mucosa
-
serosa
Frage 69
Frage
Propelling movements in a wavelike motion is called:
Antworten
-
peristalsis
-
mixing
-
segmentation
-
contraction
Frage 70
Frage
Serous cells in salivary glands:
Antworten
-
secrete mucus to act as a lubricant during swallowing
-
begin the digestion of fats and proteins
-
produce a watery fluid containing salivary amylase to split starch
Frage 71
Frage
Parietal cells in the stomach release:
Antworten
-
hydrochloric acid
-
intrinsic factor
-
digestive enzymes
-
A and B
Frage 72
Frage
What is the function of pepsin?
Antworten
-
to digest fats
-
to digest proteins
-
to digest carbohydrates
-
to cause the secretion of bile
Frage 73
Frage
Mucous cells in the stomach provide an _____________ layer to protect the stomach.
Antworten
-
acidic
-
alkaline
Frage 74
Frage
Which hormone is responsible for decreasing the secretory activity of gastric glands and inhibits gastric motility?
Antworten
-
gastrin
-
cholecystokinin
-
secretin
-
leptin
Frage 75
Frage
Which hormone causes the pancreas to secrete a fluid high in bicarbonate ion concentration?
Antworten
-
gastrin
-
cholecystokinin
-
secretin
-
leptin
Frage 76
Frage
Which hormone stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile?
Antworten
-
leptin
-
secretin
-
cholecystokinin
-
gastrin
Frage 77
Frage
Which hormone stimulates the pancreas to secrete fluid with high digestive enzyme concentration?
Antworten
-
gastrin
-
chelocystokinin
-
secretin
-
leptin
Frage 78
Frage
How are gastric secretions regulated?
Antworten
-
parasympathetic impulses that release ACh
-
the release of gastrin
-
the smell of food
-
all of the above
Frage 79
Frage
Which of these substances is absorbed in the stomach?
Antworten
-
glucose
-
amino acids
-
alcohol
-
none of the above
Frage 80
Frage
_____________ cells synthesize bile, which is needed for __________________.
Antworten
-
kidney, emulsification
-
hepatic, peristalsis
-
hepatic, emulsification
-
gallbladder, carbohydrate digestion
Frage 81
Frage
Proteins and fats in the duodenum stimulate the release of the hormone ________________, which causes the contraction of the ______________.
Antworten
-
gastrin, gallbladder
-
CCK, gallbladder
-
secretin, pancreas
-
gastrin, stomach
Frage 82
Frage
Emulsification allows these enzymes to function properly:
Antworten
-
lipases
-
amylases
-
nucleases
-
peptidases
Frage 83
Frage
Which of these is NOT a function of the small intestine?
Antworten
-
absorb digestive products
-
finishes digestion with enzymes embedded in microvilli
-
transports residues to the large intestine
-
all of the above
Frage 84
Frage
Which of these sugars will be absorbed into a villus?
Antworten
-
sucrose
-
maltose
-
glucose
-
lactose
Frage 85
Frage
These nutrients must enter lacteals before joining the general circulation:
Antworten
-
sugars
-
proteins
-
fats
-
vitamins
Frage 86
Frage
The lipoprotein with the highest concentration of protein and lowest concentration of lipids, and removes cholesterol from tissues is:
Antworten
-
VLDL
-
LDL
-
HDL
Frage 87
Frage
The lipoprotein that transports triglycerides synthesized from excess dietary carbohydrate is:
Antworten
-
VLDL
-
LDL
-
HDL
Frage 88
Frage
Which of these is NOT a function of the large intestine?
Antworten
-
absorbs water and electrolytes
-
finish digesting fats
-
synthesize vitamins
-
store feces
Frage 89
Frage
Proteins from food must be _____________ before they can be used as energy sources.
Antworten
-
oxidized
-
reduced
-
deaminated
-
aminated
Frage 90
Frage
Ketone bodies are a result of:
Antworten
-
fat metabolism
-
protein metabolism
-
carbohydrate metabolism
Frage 91
Frage
Which of these respiratory structures is involved in gas exchange?
Antworten
-
larynx
-
trachea
-
bronchioles
-
alveoli
Frage 92
Frage
Inspiration occurs because:
Antworten
-
intra-alveolar pressure increases
-
intra-alveolar pressure decreases
-
atmospheric pressure increases
-
atmospheric pressure decreases
Frage 93
Frage
Which muscles are used for inspiration?
Antworten
-
external intercostals
-
internal intercostals
-
diaphragm
-
A and C
Frage 94
Frage
Which muscles are used for passive expiration?
Antworten
-
external intercostals
-
internal intercostals
-
diaphragm
-
none of the above
Frage 95
Frage
The volume of air that enters or leaves a single respiratory cycle is the:
Antworten
-
tidal volume
-
residual volume
-
total lung capacity
-
inspiratory capacity
Frage 96
Frage
Central chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in levels of:
Antworten
-
carbon dioxide
-
nitrogen
-
oxygen
-
hemoglobin
Frage 97
Frage
Peripheral chemoreceptors are most sensitive to changes in blood levels of:
Antworten
-
carbon dioxide
-
nitrogen
-
oxygen
-
hemoglobin
Frage 98
Frage
Most oxygen in the body is transported:
Antworten
-
dissolved in plasma
-
bound to hemoglobin
Frage 99
Frage
Most carbon dioxide in the body is transported:
Antworten
-
dissolved in plasma
-
bound to hemoglobin
-
as bicarbonate ion
Frage 100
Frage
Where does the following reaction occur?
H+ + HCO3- ---> H2CO3 ----> CO2 + H2O
Antworten
-
Plasma
-
lung capillaries
-
kidney capillaries
-
stomach capillaries
Frage 101
Frage
Choose the correct pathway of urine formation:
Antworten
-
Glomerulus > PCT > Collecting Duct > Nephron Loop > Bladder
-
PCT > glomerulus > Collecting Duct > Nephron Loop > Bladder
-
Glomerulus > PCT > Nephron Loop > Collecting Duct > Bladder
-
Nephron Loop > Glomerulus > Collecting Duct > Bladder
Frage 102
Frage
Where does filtration occur in the nephron?
Antworten
-
glomerulus
-
PCT
-
Nephron loop
-
DCT
Frage 103
Frage
Where does most reabsorption of substances occur in the nephron?
Antworten
-
glomerulus
-
PCT
-
Nephron loop
-
DCT
Frage 104
Frage
Where does secretion occur in the nephron?
Antworten
-
glomerulus
-
PCT
-
Nephron loop
-
DCT
-
both B and D
Frage 105
Frage
The _________________ regulates how concentrated urine will be.
Antworten
-
glomerulus
-
PCT
-
DCT
-
collecting duct
Frage 106
Frage
A decrease in salt concentration will cause the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete the enzyme __________.
Antworten
-
EPO
-
Renin
-
Aldosterone
-
ADH
Frage 107
Frage
Which of these is a result of angiotensin II?
Antworten
-
vasoconstriction
-
aldosterone secretion
-
increased thirst
-
all of the above
Frage 108
Frage
Constricting the efferent arteriole causes:
Antworten
-
an increase in the GFR
-
a decrease in the GFR
-
nothing changes to the GFR
Frage 109
Frage
Which of the following does NOT occur during micturition?
Antworten
-
the internal sphincter must open
-
the external sphincter relaxes
-
the detrusor muscle contracts
-
the detrusor muscle relaxes
Frage 110
Frage
Which of these ions is found in greater concentration in the extracellular fluid?
Antworten
-
potassium
-
sodium
-
chloride
-
B and C
Frage 111
Frage
An example of transcellular fluid is:
Antworten
-
fluid in the cytosol of a cell
-
plasma
-
lymph
-
synovial fluid
Frage 112
Frage
Your blood is becoming too acidic, which of the following does NOT occur to regain homeostasis?
Antworten
-
hydrogen ions are secreted into the renal tubules
-
hydrogen ions are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries
-
rate and depth of breathing increases
Frage 113
Frage
Which of these is a second line of defense against a pH shift?
Antworten
-
phosphate buffer system
-
protein buffer system
-
renal mechanism
-
bicarbonate buffer system
Frage 114
Frage
Which of these causes respiratory acidosis?
Antworten
-
vomiting up contents from the small intestine
-
excessive ketone production from diabetes
-
diarrhea
-
trauma to respiratory center of the brainstem
Frage 115
Frage
Your blood is becoming too basic, which of the following does NOT occur to regain homeostasis?
Antworten
-
H2PO4- > H+ +HPO4-2
-
Hydrogen ions are secreted into the renal tubules
-
Hydrogen ions are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries
-
The rate and depth of breathing decreases
Frage 116
Frage
Which of these causes respiratory alkalosis?
Antworten
-
vomiting up stomach contents
-
hyperventilating
-
ingestion of too many antacids
-
kidney failure
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