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Chapter 24

Beschreibung

2 Anatomy Part 2 (Exam 4) Quiz am Chapter 24, erstellt von Avi Chudasama am 15/12/2015.
Avi Chudasama
Quiz von Avi Chudasama, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Avi Chudasama
Erstellt von Avi Chudasama vor fast 9 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
most of the body water is in
Antworten
  • the intracelluar fluid
  • the extracellular fluid
  • tissue (interstitial) fluid
  • blood plasma and lymph
  • the transcellular fluid

Frage 2

Frage
osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by
Antworten
  • the temperature difference between compartments
  • the relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
  • the relative volume in each compartment
  • the relative size of each compartment

Frage 3

Frage
in which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema
Antworten
  • intracellular fluid
  • transcellular fluid
  • tissue (interstitial) fluid
  • blood plasma
  • lymph

Frage 4

Frage
most body water comes from ____ whereas most body water is lost via ____
Antworten
  • metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
  • metabolic water; sweat
  • drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
  • drinking; urine
  • drinking; radiation

Frage 5

Frage
fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called
Antworten
  • baroreceptors
  • propioceptors
  • nociceptors
  • osmoreceptors
  • mechanoreceptors

Frage 6

Frage
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antworten
  • stimulates angiotensin II secretion
  • promotes water conservation
  • stimulates hypothalamic
  • osmorereceptors
  • argets the cerebral cortex

Frage 7

Frage
water output is significantly controlled through variations in
Antworten
  • metabolic water
  • sweating
  • cutaneous transpiration
  • urine volume
  • drinking

Frage 8

Frage
when blood volume and pressure are too high
Antworten
  • ADH release is inhibited.
  • ADH release is stimulated
  • renal tubules reabsorb more water
  • renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
  • the kidneys produce less urine

Frage 9

Frage
prolonged exposure to cold weather can lead to
Antworten
  • fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
  • hypotonic hydration.
  • hypovolemia.
  • positive water balance.
  • negative water balance

Frage 10

Frage
dehydration results in increased blood and ECF osmolarity. this makes osmoreceptors stimulate____ secretion by the hypothalamus ___ in the DCT and CD
Antworten
  • ADH; decreasing water reabsorption
  • ADH; increasing water reabsorption
  • aldosterone; decreasing sodium and water reabsorption
  • aldosterone; increasing sodium and water reabsorption
  • angiotensin II; increasing sodium reabsorption

Frage 11

Frage
Hemorrhages...
Antworten
  • decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity
  • decrease body water but increase osmolarity
  • decrease body water and decrease osmolarity
  • increase ECF volume but decrease ICF volume
  • decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.

Frage 12

Frage
long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with
Antworten
  • cooling of the mouth
  • distention of the stomach by ingested water
  • a drop in blood osmolarity
  • moistening of the mouth
  • increased salivation

Frage 13

Frage
this is the principal cation of the ECF
Antworten
  • Ca 2+
  • Cl -
  • Na +
  • K +
  • Pi

Frage 14

Frage
aldosterone receptors are found on cells of
Antworten
  • the adrenal cortex
  • the adernal medulla
  • the posterior pituitary
  • PCT
  • the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Frage 15

Frage
Aldosterone...
Antworten
  • increases both Na+ and K+ reabsorption.
  • increases both Na+ and K+ secretion.
  • increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
  • reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.
  • causes the urine to be more diluted.

Frage 16

Frage
chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ____ homeostasis
Antworten
  • H2PO4-
  • PO43-
  • HCO3-
  • Na+
  • K+

Frage 17

Frage
the calcium of the body fluids does/is not
Antworten
  • participate in muscle contraction
  • a significant component of nucleic acids.
  • serve as a second messenger
  • activate exocytosis.
  • important in blood clotting.

Frage 18

Frage
calcium concentration is regulated by
Antworten
  • hormones
  • sodium and calcium concentration in plasma
  • chloirde and phosphate concentration in plasma
  • the parasympathetic nervous system
  • the sympatheic neverous syster

Frage 19

Frage
the major chemical buffers system of the body are the ___ systems
Antworten
  • urinary and respiratory
  • urinary and digestive
  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
  • bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate

Frage 20

Frage
what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma
Antworten
  • fibrinogen
  • albumin
  • alpha globulins
  • gamma globulins
  • transferrin

Frage 21

Frage
what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes
Antworten
  • albumin
  • fibrinogen
  • gamma globulins
  • hemoglobin
  • myoglobin

Frage 22

Frage
when the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they ___ at the same time
Antworten
  • secrete potassium
  • secrete sodium
  • reabsorb potassium
  • secrete chloride
  • reabsorb sodium

Frage 23

Frage
proteins can buffer a drop of pH by their ____ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their ____ side groups
Antworten
  • -NH2; -PO4
  • -PO4; -COOH
  • -NH2; -COOH
  • -COOH; -NH2
  • -PO4; -NH2

Frage 24

Frage
in a person with normal acid-base balance, there are no bicarbonate ions in urine because
Antworten
  • they are consumed by neutralizing H+.
  • they are reabsorbed by the renal tubule cells.
  • they are exchanged for CO2.
  • they are exchanged for Cl-.
  • they rapidly diffuse into the renal tubule cells.

Frage 25

Frage
in acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is ___, which ____ the central nervous system
Antworten
  • repolarized; inhibits
  • depolarized; stimulates
  • hyperpolarized; depresses
  • depolarized; depresses
  • hyperpolarized; stimulates

Frage 26

Frage
Blood Plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

Frage
In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 28

Frage
fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
the kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 30

Frage
Hypovolemic refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 32

Frage
Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 33

Frage
Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 34

Frage
Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness, whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
Chloride homeostasis is regulated as a side effect of sodium homeostasis
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 36

Frage
The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 37

Frage
The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 38

Frage
Acidosis is a pH lower than 7, whereas alkalosis is a pH higher than 7
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 39

Frage
Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
a buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 41

Frage
Hypernatremia is a plasma___concentration above normal
Antworten
  • Na+
  • K+
  • NaCl
  • Cl-

Frage 42

Frage
Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except
Antworten
  • a reduction in plasma volume
  • a gain in plasma volume
  • reduction in blood
  • a again in blood

Frage 43

Frage
_____ is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.
Antworten
  • Na+
  • K+
  • Cl-
  • H+

Frage 44

Frage
____does not stimulate aldosterone secretion
Antworten
  • High blood sodium concentration
  • Low blood sodium concentration
  • High blood potassium concentration
  • Low blood Potassium concentration

Frage 45

Frage
women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of
Antworten
  • aldosterone
  • plasma
  • blood
  • water

Frage 46

Frage
this is the most abundant cation of the ICF
Antworten
  • K+
  • Na+
  • Cl-
  • H+

Frage 47

Frage
the total body water (TBW) contente of a 70 kg young male is about
Antworten
  • 40L
  • 4L
  • 400L
  • 4000L

Frage 48

Frage
this is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume
Antworten
  • K+
  • H+
  • Cl-
  • Na+

Frage 49

Frage
these scenarious are related with hyperkalemia except
Antworten
  • resting membrane potential is more positive
  • resting membrane potential is more negative

Frage 50

Frage
In a state of hypokalemia
Antworten
  • cells are hyperpolarized
  • cells are hypopolarized
  • cells remain the same

Frage 51

Frage
hypokalemia can result from all of the following except from
Antworten
  • aldosterone hyposecretion 
  • aldosterone hypersecretion 

Frage 52

Frage
this is the moste abundant anion of the ECF
Antworten
  • Cl-
  • Na+
  • K+
  • H+

Frage 53

Frage
the inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids
Antworten
  • form crystals with calcium in the presence of calsequestrin
  • form crystals with potassium in the presence of calsequestrin

Frage 54

Frage
excretion of phosphate
Antworten
  • increases free calcium ions in the ECF
  • increases free potassium ions in the ECF
  • decreases free calcium ions in the ECF
  • decreases free potassium ions in the ECF

Frage 55

Frage
___ represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system.
Antworten
  • CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+
  • H2CO3 <--> CO2 + H20
  • H+ + CO3 <--> H2CO3

Frage 56

Frage
tissue fluid normally has a pHof
Antworten
  • 7.35-7.45 
  • 8.35-8.45
  • 7.15-7.25
  • 7.85-7.95

Frage 57

Frage
A weak base
Antworten
  • Binds little H+ and has a weak effect of pH
  • Binds little H+ and has a strong effect of pH

Frage 58

Frage
the pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by
Antworten
  • proteins
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • fatty acids

Frage 59

Frage
the bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory sytem, which
Antworten
  • expels CO2 produced by the buffer system
  • intakes CO2 produced by the buffer system
  • expels H2O produced by the buffer system
  • intakes H2O produced by the buffer system

Frage 60

Frage
an antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells
Antworten
  • exchanges K+ for Na+
  • exchanges Na+ for K+
  • exchanges K+ for H+
  • exchanges Na+ for Cl-

Frage 61

Frage
in acidosis, the kidneys compensate by
Antworten
  • secreting more ammonia
  • secreting more water
  • secreting more plasma

Frage 62

Frage
breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to
Antworten
  • respitory acidosis
  • metabolic alkalosis

Frage 63

Frage
excessive intake of antacids can lead to
Antworten
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • respitory acidosis

Frage 64

Frage
chronic vomiting can lead to
Antworten
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • repiratory acidosis

Frage 65

Frage
emphysema can lead to
Antworten
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • repiratory acidosis
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