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HSF2 MIDTERM - Mike

Beschreibung

HSF 2 MIDTERM
Raquel Lindsay-M
Quiz von Raquel Lindsay-M, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Raquel Lindsay-M
Erstellt von Raquel Lindsay-M vor fast 9 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
1) The Eclectic Approach…
Antworten
  • a) Is rarely followed in any of the action-orientated therapies.
  • b) Too often emphasizes having "one right answer" to treatment.
  • c) Is very deterministic in its approach to human nature.
  • d) Utilizes approaches and techniques drawn from several sources

Frage 2

Frage
2) Sigmund Freud was the founder of the
Antworten
  • a) Psychoanalytic approach
  • b) Processes approach.
  • c) Behavioral approach.
  • d) Growth psychology approach.

Frage 3

Frage
3) Psychoanalytic theorists explain developmental change in terms of ___________.
Antworten
  • a) Assimilation and accommodation of external stimuli.
  • b) Relationship between the individual and his or her environment.
  • c) Manipulation of environmental influences to reward or punish.
  • d) The influence of internal drives and emotions on behavior.

Frage 4

Frage
4) Several theories of human psychology have been discussed in this course. Which of the following WAS NOT part of this course?
Antworten
  • a) The psychoanalytic approach.
  • b) The systems approach
  • c) The behavioristic approach.
  • d) The growth psychology approach.

Frage 5

Frage
5) The primitive (oldest) part of personality is
Antworten
  • a) The id.
  • b) The ego.
  • c) The superego.
  • d) The alter ego.

Frage 6

Frage
6) According to Freud’s model of personality, which of the following would be most consistent with the actions of the ID?
Antworten
  • a) Resisting your desire to have a hot-fudge sundae.
  • b) Watching a movie with a close friend.
  • c) Stealing food to eat when you are hungry
  • d) Learning from your mistakes.

Frage 7

Frage
7) Behavioral theory is grounded in
Antworten
  • a) The psychodynamic aspects of an individual.
  • b) The principles of learning.
  • c) A philosophical view of the human condition.
  • d) The developmental stages people pass through.

Frage 8

Frage
8) John Watson investigated behavioural changes caused by environmental influences by studying:
Antworten
  • a) Age norms.
  • b) Little Albert.
  • c) 10-year-old boys’ academic success in rural Ontario.
  • d) Universal changes in academic achievement.

Frage 9

Frage
9) The belief in one’s own capacity to cause an intended event to occur or to perform a task is known as:
Antworten
  • a) Reinforcement.
  • b) Modeling.
  • c) Reciprocal Determination.
  • d) Self-Efficacy.

Frage 10

Frage
10) According to psychoanalysis, defense mechanisms are used to protect which personality division?
Antworten
  • a) Id.
  • b) Ego.
  • c) Superego.
  • d) Pleasure principle.

Frage 11

Frage
11) Freud's contribution to psychology theory includes:
Antworten
  • a) The notion of classical conditioning and its relation to the formation of phobias.
  • b) The belief that certain problems could be caused by experiences that cannot be remembered.
  • c) The notion that one’s environment can cause changes in behavior that affect personality development.
  • d) The idea that early childhood experiences have little effect on behavior and emotions.

Frage 12

Frage
12) What was one of Sigmund Freud’s main ideas
Antworten
  • a) That all our actions are shaped by living in a social environment.
  • b) That human behavior is shaped by our connection to our ancestors.
  • c) That underlying unconscious instincts and desires motivate behavior.
  • d) That personality changes as we age through stages.

Frage 13

Frage
13) As a practicing recreational therapist you find it difficult to deal with a client. This client reminds you of a professor in college with whom you had difficulties. This situation is an example of
Antworten
  • a) Transference.
  • b) Countertransference.
  • c) Sublimation.
  • d) Repression.

Frage 14

Frage
14) Of the following, which is true in behavioral therapy?
Antworten
  • a) Insight is a necessary element in behavior change.
  • b) Therapy should focus on behavior change and not attitude change.
  • c) The client should determine treatment goals.
  • d) A good working relationship between the client and therapist is critical to bringing about behavioral change.

Frage 15

Frage
15) Individuals associated with classical conditioning are
Antworten
  • a) Pavlov and Thorndike.
  • b) Pavlov and Adler.
  • c) Thorndike and Skinner.
  • d) Erickson and Skinner.

Frage 16

Frage
16) Which one of the following is NOT a key concept in behavioral therapy?
Antworten
  • a) Behavior is learned through positive reinforcement.
  • b) Present behavior is stressed more than past behavior.
  • c) Emphasis is on action and experimenting with new behaviors.
  • d) Emphasis is on the role of insight in treatment.

Frage 17

Frage
17) The process by which reinforcers are differentially applied to responses made toward approximating a desired behavior
Antworten
  • a) Extinction.
  • b) Modeling.
  • c) Chaining.
  • d) Shaping.

Frage 18

Frage
18) The founder of Person-Centered Therapy (PCT) was
Antworten
  • a) J. B. Watson.
  • b) Rollo May.
  • c) Carl Rogers.
  • d) B. F. Skinner.

Frage 19

Frage
19) Congruence refers to the therapist's
Antworten
  • a) Genuineness.
  • b) Empathy for clients.
  • c) Judgmental attitude.
  • d) Positive regard.

Frage 20

Frage
20) “Empathic understanding” refers to the therapist's ability to…
Antworten
  • a) Accurately diagnose the client's central problem.
  • b) Objectively understand the dynamics of a client.
  • c) Like and care about the client.
  • d) Sense the inner world of the client's subjective experience

Frage 21

Frage
21) Gestalt therapy encourages clients to
Antworten
  • a) Experience feelings intensely.
  • b) Stay in the here and now.
  • c) Pay attention to their own nonverbal massages.
  • d) All of the above.

Frage 22

Frage
22) RET (Rational Emotive Therapy) is based on the assumption that human beings are
Antworten
  • a) Innately striving for self-actualization through their interactions with others.
  • b) Determined strictly by environmental conditions.
  • c) Determined by strong unconscious sexual and aggressive drives.
  • d) Potentially able to think rationally.

Frage 23

Frage
23) Cognitive-behavioral therapy was first used by beck with clients with
Antworten
  • a) Major depression.
  • b) Compulsive behaviors.
  • c) Physical disabilities.
  • d) Individual’s lacking leisure skills.

Frage 24

Frage
24) Helping clients become aware of the interrelation of thought, feelings, and behaviors, is the primary goal of which group of therapists:
Antworten
  • a) Cognitive-behavioral therapists.
  • b) Psychoanalytic therapists.
  • c) Behavior therapists.
  • d) Feminist therapists.

Frage 25

Frage
25) Which of the following theories assumes that if the therapist provides a stabilizing presence for the client, the client will eventually be able to be self-directed and achieve self-actualization?
Antworten
  • a) Cognitive-behavioral psychology.
  • b) Growth psychology.
  • c) Behavioral psychology.
  • d) Psychoanalytic psychology.

Frage 26

Frage
26) Which of the following therapies considers (a) activating events, (b) beliefs, and (c) consequences of beliefs?
Antworten
  • a) Psychoanalytic therapy.
  • b) Play therapy.
  • c) Behavioral therapy.
  • d) Rational-emotive therapy

Frage 27

Frage
27) The ego state that works with facts and external reality is
Antworten
  • a) The parent.
  • b) The adult.
  • c) The child.
  • d) The grandparent.

Frage 28

Frage
28) Transactional analysis (TA) tends to stress
Antworten
  • a) Cognitive factors.
  • b) Getting in touch with feelings.
  • c) Aggression control.
  • d) Dealing with our primitive drives.

Frage 29

Frage
29) Positive psychology has been championed by
Antworten
  • a) Martin Seligman.
  • b) Johannes Schultz.
  • c) Arnold Lazarus.
  • d) John Watson.

Frage 30

Frage
30) The emphasis of positive psychology is very much on
Antworten
  • a) The development of human strengths and potentials.
  • b) Making the subconscious conscious.
  • c) Understanding transactions.
  • d) The cathartic notion.

Frage 31

Frage
31) Positive psychology builds on
Antworten
  • a) Psychoanalytic traditions.
  • b) Behavioral traditions.
  • c) Humanistic traditions.
  • d) Psychodrama traditions.

Frage 32

Frage
32) What psychologist is credited as the founder of behaviorism, who stated that “all behavior is learned”?
Antworten
  • a) John Watson.
  • b) Sigmund Freud.
  • c) Abraham Maslow.
  • d) Carl Rogers.

Frage 33

Frage
33) What does the term “reality principle functioning” refer to?
Antworten
  • a) The realistic integration of the id’s urges by arriving at a compromise that will meet the requirements of society.
  • b) Using visualizations to imagine more successful ways to deal with challenges.
  • c) Challenging the client to take a realistic examination at their life experience.
  • d) Giving into the urges of the id at the expense of societal norms.

Frage 34

Frage
34) Which psychologist is known for “ages and stages” and “cradle to the grave” ideas?
Antworten
  • a) Rollo May.
  • b) Erik Erikson.
  • c) Viktor Frankl.
  • d) Carl Jung.

Frage 35

Frage
35) What does the defense mechanism of displacement refer to?
Antworten
  • a) When emotions are transferred from the original person to a safer “target.”
  • b) If someone is aggressive back to someone who was aggressive towards them.
  • c) Transforming socially unacceptable desires into a socially acceptable activities.
  • d) The individual is unable to concentrate on their current task do to intense stress.

Frage 36

Frage
36) Of the following psychological terms, which was created by Sigmund Freud?
Antworten
  • a) Reinforcement.
  • b) Unconscious.
  • c) Collective unconscious.
  • d) Psychosocial.

Frage 37

Frage
37) _______ __________ are strategies suggested by Sigmund Freud for reducing anxiety, such as repression, denial or projection.
Antworten
  • a) Psychosexual stages.
  • b) Ego fixations.
  • c) Defence mechanisms
  • d) Psychosocial stages.

Frage 38

Frage
38) A clinician utilizing Freud’s theories in therapy would:
Antworten
  • a) Ask clients how they felt about their parents.
  • b) Assist client to forget bad experiences they had as children.
  • c) Encourage clients to express their sexuality.
  • d) Assist clients to remember traumatic experiences in order to learn how to cope with them.

Frage 39

Frage
39) When Sheila received a bad grade on her Therapeutic Rec Exam, she shrugged and said, “I don’t really care… This course isn’t important to me.” This is an example of the defence mechanisms know as___________.
Antworten
  • a) Rationalization
  • b) Projection.
  • c) Displacement.
  • d) Denial.

Frage 40

Frage
40) When Robert is told by his girlfriend that she does not want to be involved with him anymore states, “Oh yes you do, you are just tired today,” he is showing an example of Freud’s defence mechanism called:
Antworten
  • a) Intellectualization.
  • b) Denial
  • c) Displacement.
  • d) Regression.

Frage 41

Frage
41) A central feature of psychoanalytic theories is __________.
Antworten
  • a) The attachment of a new response to an old stimulus.
  • b) Physical growth and development.
  • c) The importance of a child’s early interactions and relationships.
  • d) Viewing behavior as shaped by rewards and punishments.

Frage 42

Frage
42) The major weakness of psychoanalytic theories is that__________.
Antworten
  • a) They contribute more to our understanding of how learning occurs than to our knowledge of human development.
  • b) Few scientists have accepted or acknowledged their key principles.
  • c) Such theories do not explain social, emotional, or personality development.
  • d) It has been very difficult to test their key concepts.

Frage 43

Frage
43) Getting your child to eat their vegetables, by promising dessert as a reward for doing it is an example of what psychological idea
Antworten
  • a) Learned behavior.
  • b) Premack principle.
  • c) Sublimation.
  • d) Shaping.

Frage 44

Frage
44) Which psychologist, known as a cognitive-behavioral theorist, presented the A-B-C (activating events, beliefs, and consequences) model for understanding human thought?
Antworten
  • a) Aaron Beck.
  • b) William Glasser.
  • c) Albert Ellis.
  • d) Rollo May.

Frage 45

Frage
45) Which psychological approach argues that a client needs to take responsibility to alter irresponsible behavior?
Antworten
  • a) RET (Rational emotive theory).
  • b) Choice theory
  • c) Person-centered theory.
  • d) Behaviorist theory.

Frage 46

Frage
46) If a teacher tells their students that in TR it is important to remember that “techniques are secondary to attitude” when being a helper, they are likely a supporter of which psychological tradition
Antworten
  • a) Gestalt therapy.
  • b) Rational emotive therapy (RET).
  • c) Person-centered therapy.
  • d) Psychoanalytic therapy.

Frage 47

Frage
47) The role of Gestalt therapy is…
Antworten
  • a) To restore the personality to wholeness.
  • b) Uncovering the inner child of the client to begin the therapeutic journey.
  • c) To challenge unhealthy thoughts and attitudes.
  • d) To develop a spiritual identity.

Frage 48

Frage
48) The idea that each human being is motivated to achieve full human potential is a key concept of _________ theories.
Antworten
  • a) Learning theory.
  • b) Psychoanalytic theory.
  • c) Humanistic theory.
  • d) Life-course theory.

Frage 49

Frage
49) Why are humanistic theories important to our understanding of human development?
Antworten
  • a) They combine psychoanalytic and learning theories.
  • b) They view each person as having potential.
  • c) They de-emphasize physical needs.
  • d) They only focus on the best in people.

Frage 50

Frage
50) Abraham Maslow used the term _______ to describe the ultimate goal of human life.
Antworten
  • a) Physiological needs.
  • b) Esteem needs.
  • c) Deficiency motives.
  • d) Self-actualization.

Frage 51

Frage
51) Theories that say that human development results from an accumulation of experiences are known as:
Antworten
  • a) Cognitive theories.
  • b) Learning theories.
  • c) Psychoanalytic theories.
  • d) Evolutionary theories.

Frage 52

Frage
52) Learning that results from the association of stimuli is called:
Antworten
  • a) Social-conditioning.
  • b) Observational learning.
  • c) Operant conditioning.
  • d) Classical conditioning.

Frage 53

Frage
53) Classical Conditioning was rooted in the ideas and research conducted by:
Antworten
  • a) B.F. Skinner.
  • b) Abraham Maslow.
  • c) Ivan Pavlov.
  • d) Jean Piaget.

Frage 54

Frage
54) Salivation occurs naturally when you put food in your mouth. In classical conditioning the food is the _________, and salivating is _________.
Antworten
  • a) Unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response.
  • b) Conditioned stimulus; unconditioned response.
  • c) Unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response.
  • d) Conditioned stimulus; conditioned response.

Frage 55

Frage
55) Learning to repeat or stop behaviors because of their consequences refers to:
Antworten
  • a) Observational learning.
  • b) Punishment.
  • c) Operant conditioning.
  • d) Classical conditioning.

Frage 56

Frage
56) Which of the following is an aspect of operant conditioning that would make a behavior more likely to occur again?
Antworten
  • a) Extinction.
  • b) Negative reinforcement.
  • c) Positive punishment.
  • d) Intrinsic reinforcement.

Frage 57

Frage
57) If you play slot machine or buy lottery tickets, your behavior is based upon a pattern of ________.
Antworten
  • a) Extinction.
  • b) Partial reinforcement.
  • c) Positive reinforcement
  • d) Intrinsic Motivation.

Frage 58

Frage
58) Which of the following is NOT a part of Carl Roger’s triad of therapeutic elements?
Antworten
  • a) Congruence.
  • b) Unconditional positive regard.
  • c) Improved assertiveness.
  • d) Empathic understanding.

Frage 59

Frage
59) What was one of Sigmund Freud’s main ideas
Antworten
  • a) That all our actions are shaped by living in a social environment.
  • b) That human behavior is shaped by our connection to our ancestors.
  • c) That underlying unconscious instincts motivate behavior.
  • d) That personality changes as we age.

Frage 60

Frage
60) The three pillars of Positive Psychology are
Antworten
  • a) The id, ego, and superego.
  • b) The child, parent, and adult.
  • c) Functional interventions, leisure education, and recreation.
  • d) Positive emotions, positive traits, and positive institutions.

Frage 61

Frage
61) Positive Psychology views people as
Antworten
  • a) Self-serving and asocial.
  • b) Just taking care of their own needs in egotistical ways.
  • c) Being social and moral individuals.
  • d) Reacting to positive reinforcers.

Frage 62

Frage
62) Which of the following professionals are licensed to prescribe medication?
Antworten
  • a) psychiatrists
  • b) psychologists with a Ph.D. degree
  • c) social workers who have received specialized training
  • d) any counselling professional with at least a Master’s degree

Frage 63

Frage
63) Social justice commitment implies that counsellors
Antworten
  • a) work with law enforcement officials to combat crime
  • b) treat all clients the same
  • c) respect individual difference
  • d) use advocacy to promote human rights and income redistribution

Frage 64

Frage
64) Ethics are
Antworten
  • a) skills and techniques for working with clients
  • b) government legislation that regulates professionals
  • c) what one considers to be important
  • d) principles and rules of proper conduct

Frage 65

Frage
65) Professional ethics
Antworten
  • a) outline the benefits of counselling
  • b) encourage dual relationships with clients
  • c) require the use of psychiatric diagnosis
  • d) enable counsellors to blend personal values with agency standards
  • e) none of the above

Frage 66

Frage
66) Which of the following represents a “dual relationship?”
Antworten
  • a) co-signing a loan for a client
  • b) buying a car from a client
  • c) dating a client
  • d) social involvement with a client
  • e) all of the above

Frage 67

Frage
67) Absolute confidentiality means
Antworten
  • a) counsellors can share information only with the police if there is an emergency
  • b) counsellors cannot share information with anyone
  • c) counsellors can share information only within the agency
  • d) counsellors can share information if they have permission from the court
  • e) counsellors must consult supervisors before sharing information

Frage 68

Frage
68) Relative confidentiality means
Antworten
  • a) counsellors can share information only with the police if there is an emergency
  • b) counsellors cannot share information with anyone
  • c) counsellors can share information with their clients family members
  • d) counsellors can share information if they have permission from the court
  • e) confidentiality cannot be guaranteed because of legal constraints

Frage 69

Frage
69) The Tarasoff case established
Antworten
  • a) the “duty to warn” principle
  • b) that professionals must maintain absolute confidentiality
  • c) criteria for reporting child abuse and neglect
  • d) protection for counsellors who maintain relationship confidentiality
  • e) none of the above

Frage 70

Frage
70) The principle that clients have a right to freedom of choice is known as
Antworten
  • a) empowerment
  • b) self-determination
  • c) informed consent
  • d) advocacy
  • e) ethics

Frage 71

Frage
71) Values are concerned with:
Antworten
  • a) rules governing confidentiality
  • b) the importance of choice
  • c) a reflection of what individuals consider important
  • d) the benefits of counseling
  • e) all of the above

Frage 72

Frage
72) Which of the following best defines the term self-determination?
Antworten
  • a) acknowledgment that clients have a right to make their own decision
  • b) respect for cultural and other diversity variables
  • c) recognition that every client is different
  • d) belief in the dignity of clients
  • e) none of the above

Frage 73

Frage
73) Objectivity is
Antworten
  • a) the capacity to understand without imposing bias or distortion
  • b) treating clients as objects
  • c) setting goals for counseling
  • d) allowing clients to disagree
  • e) imposing personal ideas

Frage 74

Frage
74) Non-maleficence means
Antworten
  • a) honour the clients’ right to self-determination
  • b) gender equality
  • c) do no harm
  • d) the importance of everyone getting the same treatment
  • e) using advocacy to promote client rights

Frage 75

Frage
75) Regression involves
Antworten
  • a) refusing to acknowledge the existence of feelings or problems
  • b) returning to behaviour from an earlier stage of one’s life
  • c) not thinking about stressful thoughts or feelings
  • d) shifting emotions from one person or object to another
  • e) developing excuses

Frage 76

Frage
76) Rationalization involves
Antworten
  • a) intelligent thinking about problems
  • b) denial
  • c) objectivity
  • d) conscious use of skills
  • e) using excuses to protect self-image

Frage 77

Frage
77) Suppression involves
Antworten
  • a) avoiding painful thoughts by not thinking about them
  • b) putting clients down
  • c) pushing clients to discuss painful feelings
  • d) confrontation
  • e) refusing to acknowledge the existence of problems

Frage 78

Frage
78) Which of the following might adversely affect counselling
Antworten
  • a) need to be liked
  • b) lack of self-awareness
  • c) perfectionism
  • d) control needs
  • e) all of the above

Frage 79

Frage
79) Counselling is defined by
Antworten
  • a) the needs of the client
  • b) the mandate of the agency
  • c) the expertise of the counsellor
  • d) all of the above
  • e) none of the above

Frage 80

Frage
80) Which of the following statements is true?
Antworten
  • a) counsellors are versatile, but psychotherapists use only standardized techniques
  • b) there is no clear dividing line between the terms “counselling” and “psychotherapy” and they are often used interchangeably
  • c) counsellors pay attention to the social environment
  • d) psychotherapists prescribe medicine
  • e) psychotherapy requires a degree in medicine

Frage 81

Frage
81) A “one size fits all” approach to counselling
Antworten
  • a) insures uniformity in the application of principles
  • b) recognizes the importance of equal treatment for all clients
  • c) respects diversity
  • d) prevents counsellors from tailoring their approach to meet the needs of individual clients.
  • e) all of the above

Frage 82

Frage
82) The term “positive regard” is best defined as
Antworten
  • a) being real and honest with clients
  • b) remaining optimistic
  • c) recognizing the inherent worth of people
  • d) paying attention to strengths
  • e) none of the above

Frage 83

Frage
83) Counselling contracts can
Antworten
  • a) address roles and responsibilities
  • b) define the work to be done
  • c) address the intended purpose of the counselling relationship
  • d) anticipate strategies for responding to events that may occur
  • e) all of the above

Frage 84

Frage
84) According to Egan (an author cited in the textbook), immediacy is
Antworten
  • a) a tool for examining and deepening counselling relationships
  • b) one of the core conditions of helping
  • c) a contract on the goals of the helping relationship
  • d) a specialized technique that should only be used by trained therapists
  • e) none of the above

Frage 85

Frage
85) Empowering skills
Antworten
  • a) help clients develop control and self-esteem
  • b) represents an abuse of the power relationship
  • c) helps counsellors manage the flow of the interview
  • d) require involuntary clients to accept counselling
  • e) are strictly prohibited by professional codes of ethics

Frage 86

Frage
86) Which of the following is an example of a directive?
Antworten
  • a) It sounds like you are feeling sad
  • b) What do you expect to achieve from counselling?
  • c) How do you feel?
  • d) Tell me more
  • e) “Uh huh”

Frage 87

Frage
87) According to the text, which of the following is NOT a phase of counselling?
Antworten
  • a) transition
  • b) beginning
  • c) ending
  • d) preliminary
  • e) action

Frage 88

Frage
88) One common objective of all phases of counselling is
Antworten
  • a) negotiation of the counselling contract
  • b) establishing a working relationship
  • c) establishing open, honest and productive communication
  • d) evaluation
  • e) all of the above

Frage 89

Frage
89) Pseudo-counselling is
Antworten
  • a) the “illusion of work"
  • b) counselling based on Freudian principles
  • c) counselling performed by licensed professionals
  • d) counselling performed by unlicensed professionals
  • e) a counselling approach developed by Carl Rogers

Frage 90

Frage
90) Which of the following statements are true?
Antworten
  • a) Counselling relationships are often the central reason for client change
  • b) There is little difference between a counselling relationship and good friendship
  • c) The counselling relationship is critical to success in counselling during the beginning phase, but is less important thereafter
  • d) Counsellor attitudes are less important than skill
  • e) all of the above

Frage 91

Frage
91) Which of the following is considered a “core condition?”
Antworten
  • a) unconditional positive regard
  • b) confrontation
  • c) active listening
  • d) self-disclosure
  • e) contracting

Frage 92

Frage
92) Genuineness refers to
Antworten
  • a) the extent that clients are open and honest
  • b) whether client responses are concrete
  • c) the need to work from a recognized theory based model
  • d) a counsellor’s ability to think objectively
  • e) the extent that counsellor responses are real and authentic

Frage 93

Frage
93) The counselling contract
Antworten
  • a) should be strictly adhered to in order to maintain focus and purpose
  • b) may change over the life of the relationship or even in a single session
  • c) is prepared by the counsellor
  • d) should remain relatively intact as counselling progresses
  • e) none of the above

Frage 94

Frage
94) A counselling contract is best described as
Antworten
  • a) an intake interview
  • b) a requirement of all codes of ethics to act responsibly
  • c) a negotiated agreement between clients and counsellors
  • d) short-term counselling
  • e) legal issues that influence the helping relationship

Frage 95

Frage
95) An anticipatory contract
Antworten
  • a) measures client motivation
  • b) signals readiness to provide service
  • c) presents details on the services available at the agency
  • d) seeks agreement on how future events might addressed.
  • e) looks at how past experiences have impacted client expectations

Frage 96

Frage
96) Abraham Maslow is famous for developing
Antworten
  • a) modern theories of counselling
  • b) procedures for working with resistant clients
  • c) human stages of growth and development
  • d) the hierarchy of needs
  • e) theories on the nature of counselling relationships

Frage 97

Frage
97) Immediacy involves
Antworten
  • a) relationship work
  • b) focusing on problem solving
  • c) providing quick service in crisis situations
  • d) anticipatory contracting
  • e) all of the above

Frage 98

Frage
98) A dependent relationship is
Antworten
  • a) an sign that the client is overly reliant on the counsellor for decision making
  • b) a desirable outcome of effective counselling
  • c) part of the contract
  • d) inevitable in counselling
  • e) necessary for promoting client self-determination

Frage 99

Frage
99) Transference is a term first introduced by
Antworten
  • a) Abraham Maslow
  • b) Socrates
  • c) Freud
  • d) John Watson
  • e) a Canadian social worker in 1950

Frage 100

Frage
100) Which of the following might signal transference or countertransference?
Antworten
  • a) strong feelings of attraction
  • b) addiction
  • c) learned helplessness
  • d) presence of a mental disorder
  • e) all of the above

Frage 101

Frage
101) Counter transference involves
Antworten
  • a) strategies for dealing with transference
  • b) the tendency of counsellors to inappropriately shift feelings to clients
  • c) resistance to referral
  • d) intake bias
  • e) failure to utilize the strengths approach

Frage 102

Frage
102) Counsellor self-disclosure
Antworten
  • a) is unprofessional and should be avoided
  • b) should be routine and consistent with each client
  • c) is appropriate only after a trusting relationship is achieved
  • d) is best confined to the action stage as a way to model expected outcomes
  • e) none of the above

Frage 103

Frage
103) Self-disclosure should
Antworten
  • a) shift the focus from the client to the counsellor
  • b) only meet the needs of the client
  • c) meet both client and counsellor needs
  • d) be used routinely with all clients as a way to model genuineness
  • e) not require counsellors to reveal feelings

Frage 104

Frage
104) Which of the following is not a task of the ending phase?
Antworten
  • a) dealing with feelings about the ending
  • b) review of the extent that goals have been reached
  • c) referral
  • d) relationship closure
  • e) all of the above are potential tasks of the ending phase

Frage 105

Frage
105) Listening requires
Antworten
  • a) understanding from the perspective of the other person
  • b) hearing both verbal and nonverbal messages
  • c) responding with questions to get information, examples and detail
  • d) appropriate silence
  • e) all of the above

Frage 106

Frage
106) Good listeners
Antworten
  • a) predict what others might say
  • b) use skills such as summarizing and questions to insure they understand
  • c) make assumptions based on past experiences
  • d) remain silent
  • e) offer advice to help clients solve problems

Frage 107

Frage
107) Closed-minded listeners
Antworten
  • a) are open to new perspectives
  • b) control their own assumptions
  • c) are unable to embrace new ideas
  • d) recognize that everyone’s frame of reference is different
  • e) none of the above

Frage 108

Frage
108) Attending is best described as
Antworten
  • a) encouraging clients to adhere to the work ethic
  • b) making appropriate use of silence
  • c) controlling the interviewing with questions and directives
  • d) the way counsellors communicate to clients that they are ready, willing, and able to listen
  • e) managed involvement

Frage 109

Frage
109) “Attended Silence” means
Antworten
  • a) being physically present during the interview
  • b) using questions to understand the meaning of silence
  • c) controlling internal and external distraction during silent moments
  • d) keeping quiet
  • e) allowing silence to continue indefinitely

Frage 110

Frage
110) Which of the following represents a possible meaning of silence?
Antworten
  • a) the client is thinking
  • b) the client is confused
  • c) there are relationship trust issues
  • d) nothing more to be said
  • e) all of the above

Frage 111

Frage
111) Which of the following is an appropriate response to client silence?
Antworten
  • a) allow the silence
  • b) ask the client what his/her silence means
  • c) use empathy to support feelings
  • d) “attended silence”
  • e) all of the above

Frage 112

Frage
112) Proxemics describes
Antworten
  • a) how people use space and distance
  • b) setting goal priorities
  • c) body language
  • d) cultural norms with respect to body language
  • e) how close agencies are situated relative to their clients

Frage 113

Frage
113) Metacommunication is best defined as
Antworten
  • a) speech punctuated by metaphors
  • b) effective use of silence
  • c) the message that is heard beyond the words that are spoken
  • d) grandiose thinking
  • e) using a broad range of communication and counselling skills

Frage 114

Frage
114) Paraphrasing is best described as
Antworten
  • a) restating the client’s statements from a different angle
  • b) repeating verbatim what has been said
  • c) pseudo-meaning
  • d) summarizing
  • e) use of jargon

Frage 115

Frage
115) Which of the following is an example of a paraphrase
Antworten
  • a) can you describe it differently?
  • b) looking at things from a different angle, you seem to be saying
  • c) you’re feeling angry.
  • d) tell me more.
  • e) That’s not right.

Frage 116

Frage
116) Which of the following statements about content summaries is true?
Antworten
  • a) they make judgments about relevance
  • b) they are risky and should be avoided
  • c) they focus only on feelings
  • d) they are useful for organizing ideas and data
  • e) they are edited for essential themes

Frage 117

Frage
117) Selective perception
Antworten
  • a) is a sign that counsellors are not listening
  • b) enables counsellors to screen out verbal and nonverbal cues that are unimportant
  • c) helps counsellors to hear all of what has been said
  • d) is a mental disorder involving hallucinations
  • e) all of the above

Frage 118

Frage
118) Closed questions
Antworten
  • a) usually begin with “Who” “What” “Where” When” or “Why”
  • b) encourage clients to give detailed answers
  • c) can be answered with a yes or no
  • d) manipulate clients to give the correct answer
  • e) should not be used in counselling

Frage 119

Frage
119) Which of the following is an example of a closed question?
Antworten
  • a) Are you going to look for work today?
  • b) Perhaps it’s time to end our session.
  • c) Why not?
  • d) What prompted you to act?
  • e) Where on earth did you get that idea?

Frage 120

Frage
120) As a rule, open questions
Antworten
  • a) should be avoided in the early phases of the interview
  • b) are difficult to answer with a simple yes or no
  • c) provide freedom for clients to answer in the way they choose
  • d) are best utilized only after a trusting relationship is established
  • e) are best for obtaining specific information

Frage 121

Frage
121) Which of the following is an example of an open question?
Antworten
  • a) Why?
  • b) How do you think you should respond?
  • c) When did you first notice the problem?
  • d) What is your name?
  • e) all of the above are open questions

Frage 122

Frage
122) Indirect questions
Antworten
  • a) are statements that have the same effect as questions
  • b) are used to provide essential focus to the interview
  • c) establish counsellor control of the interview
  • d) should be avoided because they are confusing to clients
  • e) can be answered yes or no

Frage 123

Frage
123) Which of the following is an example of an indirect question?
Antworten
  • a) My opinion is that you should tell him yourself.
  • b) Why don’t you deal with him instead of his wife?
  • c) Do you think it might be possible?
  • d) I’m curious about your ideas?
  • e) How often do you think you might get a chance like that?

Frage 124

Frage
124) Leading questions
Antworten
  • a) manipulate clients
  • b) are used to promote the change process
  • c) communicate to clients that we are following their directions
  • d) promote client self-determination
  • e) are essential for focusing the interview

Frage 125

Frage
125) Which of the following is an example of a leading question?
Antworten
  • a) Don’t you think you should tell her? (
  • b) What do you think you should do?
  • c) How do you feel?
  • d) Why don’t you tell me what your preference is?
  • e) Go on, tell me more.

Frage 126

Frage
126) The cognitive domain is concerned with
Antworten
  • a) thinking
  • b) behaviour
  • c) feelings
  • d) where clients live
  • e) thinking, feelings, and behavior

Frage 127

Frage
127) The question, “What are you thinking?” is an example of
Antworten
  • a) an embedded question targeting the cognitive domain
  • b) an open question targeting the affective domain.
  • c) an open question targeting the cognitive domain
  • d) an open question targeting the behavioural domain
  • e) none of the above

Frage 128

Frage
128) To manage a rambling interview, the best strategy for a counsellor is to
Antworten
  • a) ask more closed questions
  • b) use open questions to give clients a chance to tell their stories
  • c) extend the interview time frame
  • d) be flexible to allow the client to stay in control
  • e) share their anger with the client

Frage 129

Frage
129) According to Shulman, the illusion of work happens when
Antworten
  • a) counsellors do not fulfill their commitments
  • b) conversations are empty and meaningless
  • c) counsellors operate outside of their range of competence
  • d) clients lie about the progress they are making
  • e) all of the above

Frage 130

Frage
130) Which of the following is an example of a directive?
Antworten
  • a) Tell me more
  • b) What do you mean?
  • c) Did you mean to say that you are finished with the relationship?
  • d) What are you going to do?
  • e) It sounds like you are feeling sad.

Frage 131

Frage
131) According to the text, which of the following is a type of interview transition?
Antworten
  • a) unexpected
  • b) strategic
  • c) empathic
  • d) self-initiated
  • e) purposeful
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