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is the science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions
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statistics
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variable
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data
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quantitative variables
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is a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values
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variable
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data
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discrete
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continuous
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are the values that variables can assume
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data
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variables
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qualitatives
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discrete
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is a collection of date values
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data set
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random variables
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qualitatives
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continous varibales
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have values that are determined by chance
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random variables
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data set
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discrete variables
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statistics
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can be placed into distinct categories according to some characteristics or attribute
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qualitative variables
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quantitative variables
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data set
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variables
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are numerical in nature and can be ordered or ranked
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quantitative variables
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qualitative variables
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random variables
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data set
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assume values that can be counted
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discrete variables
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continuous variables
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data set
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random, variables
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can assume all values between any two specific values
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continuous variables
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data set
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discrete variables
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nominal
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classifies data into mutually exclusive (non overlapping), exhausting categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data
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nominal
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ordinal
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data set
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random variables
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classicfies data into categories that can be ranked: however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist
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ordinal
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nominal
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continuous variable
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random variable
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ranks data, and precise differences between units of measure do exist, however, there is no meaningful zero
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interval
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ratio
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nominal
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ordinal
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posses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and there exists a true zero
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ratio
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interval
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nominal
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data set
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consists of the collection, organization, summarization, and presentation of data
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descriptive statistic
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inferential statics
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ordinal
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interval
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consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determine relationships among variables, and making predictions.
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inferential statistics
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descriptive statistics
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nominal
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data set
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is the chance of an even occurring
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probability
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population
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sample
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data set
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consists of all subjects that are being studied
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population
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probability
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sample
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nominal
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is a group of subjects selected from a population
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sample
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population
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probability
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data set
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are selected using chance methods or random methods
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random samples
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systematic samples
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data sets
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nominal
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by numbering each subject of the populations and then selecting every nth number
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systematic samples
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random samples
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data sets
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interval
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by dividing the population into groups according to some characteristics that is important to the study, the sampling from each group
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stratified samples
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cluster samples
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data set
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nominal
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by using intact groups called clusters
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cluster samples
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stratified samples
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data sets
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ordinal
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thee researcher mercy observes what is happening or what has happened in the past and tries to draw conclusions based ion these observations
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observational study
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experimental study
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data set
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discrete variables
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the researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences the variables
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experimental study
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observation study
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continuous variables
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ordinal
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data collected in original form is called
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is the organization of raw data in table form, using classes and frequencies
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nominal or ordinal level data that can be places in categories is organized
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are used when the range of the data is large
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the smallest and largest possible data values in class are the
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is a graph that displays the data by using vertical bars of various heights to represent the frequencies of the classes
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histogram
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class boundaries
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ordinal
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nominal
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is a graph that displays the data by using lines that connects points plotted for the frequencies at the class midpoints. the frequencies are represented by the heights of the points
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frequency polygon
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class midpoints
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histogram
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nominal
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is a graph that represents the cumulative frequencies for the classes in a frequency distribution
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ogive
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ordinal
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histogram
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nominal
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if proportions are used instead of frequencies, the graph are called
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a statistical graph in which each data value is plotted as a point above the horizontal axis
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dotplot
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ogive
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ordinal
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nominal
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a data plot that uses part of a data value as the stem and part of the data value as the leaf to form groups or classes
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stem and leaf plot
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ogive
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dot plot
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ordinal