BMSC 240 Midterm and Final

Question

[blank_start]Science[blank_end] is the study of the world using scierntific method. [blank_start]Biology[blank_end] is the study of living things.

Answer 1

Independent

Answer 2

Boiling the water, so no bacteria can grow

Answer 3

No treatment is done to ensure the bacteria still grows

Answer 4

Placing the water in an autoclave to remove bacteria

Answer 5

False positive: occurs in positive control

Answer 6

False negative: occurs in a positive control

Answer 7

False negative: occurs in negative control

Answer 8

False positive: occurs in a negative control

Answer 9

Is the experiment reproducible?

Answer 10

Are the animals safe?

Answer 11

Will anyone be harmed?

Answer 12

Systematic error

Answer 13

Random error

Answer 14

Positive Control

Answer 15

Negative Control

Answer 16

Vortex mixer

Answer 17

calibrated

Answer 18

stabilization

Answer 19

The instrument will not turn on

Answer 20

The probe gets plugged

Answer 21

Electric current is increased and pH readings become only basic

Answer 22

The probe will only report solutions as being neutral

Answer 23

is used to mix small quantities of solutions

Answer 24

contains a magnet in the base with adjustable spin speed

Answer 25

can cause the solution to become frothy

Answer 26

may be invaluable to mix some solutions and damaging to others

Answer 27

is coupled with a heating element to help dissolve

Answer 28

A micropipette measure between 10-1mL while a pipette measure anything larger

Answer 29

A pipette has disposable tips, while a micropipette does not

Answer 30

Mistakes made with a micropipette are proportionally larger than with a pipette

Answer 31

None of the above are correct

Answer 32

When there is more weak acid in solution than base

Answer 33

When there is equal amounts of acid and weak base

Answer 34

When there is more base in solution than weak acid

Answer 35

amino, carboxyl

Answer 36

R group, amino

Answer 37

carboxyl, amino

Answer 38

Amino, R group

Answer 39

protonated

Answer 40

deprotonated

Answer 41

Aspartic Acid

Answer 42

Glutamic Acid

Answer 43

The average pKa's of the highest and lowest pKa

Answer 44

The average of pKa's surrounding the neutral charge

Answer 45

Equal to the smallest pKa

Answer 46

Equal to the middle pKa

Answer 47

Increased conductance, decreased time

Answer 48

Increased time, decreased temperature

Answer 49

increased conductance, decreased temperature

Answer 50

Increased temperature, decreased time

Answer 51

Filtration

Answer 52

Staphylococcus

Answer 53

Streptobacillus

Answer 54

Ammonium acetate

Answer 55

Ig E Antibodies

Answer 56

Thickness of section

Answer 57

Quantity of bacteria

Answer 58

Size of bacteria

Answer 59

Staining of bacteria

Answer 60

Lighting from microscope

Answer 61

Increase wavelength

Answer 62

Decrease Numerical Aperture

Answer 63

Change the refractive index

Answer 64

Resolution increases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture decreases

Answer 65

Resolution decreases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture decreases

Answer 66

Resolution increases, field of vied increases and numerical aperture increases

Answer 67

Resolution decreases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture increases

Answer 68

Absorbance

Answer 69

Negative Control

Answer 70

Positive Control

Answer 71

Specificity

Answer 72

Sensitivity

Answer 73

coomassie blue

Answer 74

It has a higher useful range

Answer 75

It is much quicker

Answer 76

There is no absorbency max

Answer 77

None of the above

Answer 78

Go through mitosis

Answer 79

Have circular chromosomes

Answer 80

Have no organelles

Answer 81

Peptidoglycan

Answer 82

Lysine and Arginine

Answer 83

peptidoglycan

Answer 84

phospholipid membrane

Answer 85

teichoic acid

Answer 86

Clostridium difficle

Answer 87

Vibrio Cholerae

Answer 88

Helicobacter Pylori

Answer 89

Bacillus Anthracis

Answer 90

Counter Stain

Answer 91

Alcohol Wash

Answer 92

Crystal Violet

Answer 93

Counterstain with coomassie blue

Answer 94

Primary dye is carbol-fuschin

Answer 95

Used for waxy cell walls

Answer 96

No decolorization is required

Answer 97

slime layer

Answer 98

glycocalyx

Answer 99

crystal violet

Answer 100

Thickening of the flagella

Answer 101

Crystal Violet Dye

Answer 102

All of the above

Answer 103

Only bacillus

Answer 104

Strep and Clostridium

Answer 105

Bacillus and Strep

Answer 106

Bacillus and Clostridium

Answer 107

Psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, psychotrophs, hyperthermophiles

Answer 108

hyperthermophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, psychotrophs, psychrophiles

Answer 109

Hyperthemophiles, thermophiles, mesophiles, psychotrophs, psychrophiles

Answer 110

Psychrophiles, Psychrotrophs, mesophiles, Thermophiles, hyperthermophiles

Answer 111

defined medium

Answer 112

complex medium

Answer 113

Semi-solid Deeps

Answer 114

comes from the cell walls of certain bacteria living in caves

Answer 115

is a carbohydrate from cell walls of red algae

Answer 116

solidifies at 50 degrees

Answer 117

melts at 85 degrees

Answer 118

differential

Answer 119

enrichment

Answer 120

pH indicators

Answer 121

high salt concentration

Answer 122

staphylococcus aureus

Answer 123

sheep's blood

Answer 124

low oxygen

Answer 125

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

Answer 126

sulfur reduction

Answer 127

indole production

Answer 128

Turbidity Estimates

Answer 129

Serial Dilution

Answer 130

Counting Chamber

Answer 131

All of the answers

Answer 132

Penicillin

Answer 133

Cephalosporin

Answer 134

lactam ring

Answer 135

Daptomycin

Answer 136

Tetracycline

Answer 137

Quinolines

Answer 138

Streptomycin

Answer 139

Chlorsmphenicol

Answer 140

Daptomycin

Answer 141

Bacitracin

Answer 142

All of the above

Answer 143

mRNA synthesis

Answer 144

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 145

DNA gyrase

Answer 146

Drug modification

Answer 147

Pathway protection

Answer 148

Cell suicide

Answer 149

Cell Fusion

Answer 150

Target Alteration

Answer 151

Rapid Efflux

Answer 152

Alternative Pathways

Answer 153

favourable

Answer 154

activation energy

Answer 155

Reaction rate

Answer 156

denaturation

Answer 157

initial velocity

Answer 158

availability of substrate

Answer 159

production of product

Answer 160

release of product

Answer 161

availability of substrate and production of product

Answer 162

All of the above

Answer 163

None of the above

Answer 164

Increase Km for NADH for ALDH2

Answer 165

Mutation in ALDH

Answer 166

Mutation in ALDH2

Answer 167

Rapid heart and breathing, redness, and hot flashes

Answer 168

ALDH1 has a lower Km

Answer 169

Acetaldehyde accumulates in the blood

Answer 170

if only one part of the protein is affected, the rest will work properly.

Answer 171

Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant

Answer 172

Uncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant

Answer 173

Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant

Answer 174

Uncompetitive Inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P

Answer 175

Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P

Answer 176

Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P

Answer 177

Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate

Answer 178

Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate

Answer 179

Uncompetitive Inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate

Answer 180

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 181

Remains the same

Answer 182

Uncompetitive Inhibition

Answer 183

Noncompetitive Inhibition

Answer 184

Remains the same

Answer 185

Competitive

Answer 186

Uncompetitive

Answer 187

Noncompetitive

Answer 188

Sonication

Answer 189

French press

Answer 190

Osmotic Shock

Answer 191

Detergents

Answer 192

Homogenization

Answer 193

materials and methods

Answer 194

reproducible

Answer 195

qualitative

Answer 196

quantitative

Answer 197

statistically significan

Answer 198

A positive result only comes from a truly positive sample

Answer 199

The minimum amount of X needed to record a positive result

Answer 200

Error introduced with each measurement

Answer 201

How close the measurements are

Answer 202

Measures only one volume

Answer 203

Has lines along the length to determine the volume

Answer 204

Measure 0.0002 mL

Answer 205

completely dissociate

Answer 206

partially dissociate

Answer 207

do not dissociate at all

Answer 208

It will tolerate much more base than acid

Answer 209

It will tolerate equal amounts of acid and base

Answer 210

It will tolerate much more acid than base

Answer 211

There is more acid

Answer 212

There is more base

Answer 213

The acid % will be more than the base %

Answer 214

The base % will be more than the acid %

Answer 215

The acid moles will be more than the base moles

Answer 216

the base moles will be more than the acid moles

Answer 217

1 part stock, to 9 parts water

Answer 218

1 part stock, to 10 parts water

Answer 219

9 parts stock to 1 part water

Answer 220

10 parts stock to 1 part water

Answer 221

Aspartic Acid - 4

Answer 222

Glutamic Acid - 4

Answer 223

Histidine - 6

Answer 224

Cysteine - 8

Answer 225

Aspartic Acid- 6

Answer 226

Glutamic Acid- 2

Answer 227

Cysteine - 5

Answer 228

Tyrosine - 8

Answer 229

Arginine -12.5

Answer 230

Temperature

Answer 231

Conductance

Answer 232

Water Absorbancy

Answer 233

specimen stage

Answer 234

objective lens

Answer 235

light source

Answer 236

iris diaphragm

Answer 237

side chains

Answer 238

cuvette less spectrophotometry

Answer 239

sample of 5 to 0.5 microliters

Answer 240

Path length of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm

Answer 241

Takes 10 seconds

Answer 242

Path length of 1 cm

Answer 243

Takes 5 seconds

Answer 244

Sacrifices a great deal of your sample

Answer 245

Gram neagtive

Answer 246

Gram positive

Answer 247

Neither, they won't stain at all

Answer 248

Waxy cell walls

Answer 249

After gram stains

Answer 250

Endospores

Answer 251

carbol-fuschin and methylene blue

Answer 252

carbol-fuschin and coomassie blue

Answer 253

malachite green and methylene blue

Answer 254

safranin only

Answer 255

Flagella: Crysal Violet and a mordant

Answer 256

Flagella: Only crystal violet

Answer 257

Endospore: Malachite green and moist heat

Answer 258

Endospore: Only Crystal Violet

Answer 259

methionine

Answer 260

Endospores

Answer 261

signalling

Answer 262

Differential

Answer 263

Enrichment

Answer 264

Differential

Answer 265

Enrichment

Answer 266

Differential

Answer 267

Enrichment

Answer 268

There are 1000 bacteria/ mL or less

Answer 269

There are 100000 bacteria/ mL or less

Answer 270

most useful against mycobacterium

Answer 271

inhibits mRNA synthesis

Answer 272

highly permeable into cells

Answer 273

inhibits DNA gyrase

Answer 274

broad spectrum

Answer 275

E + S -> ES

Answer 276

How heavy the enzyme is

Answer 277

The enzyme will catalyze 1 micromole in 1 minute

Answer 278

The initial velocity is equal to the maximal velocity

Answer 279

The specific activity of the enzyme is the same in different pH conditions

Answer 280

salting out

Answer 281

electrophoresis

Answer 282

specificity

Answer 283

If the protein is soluble, it can be partially purified by removed larger contaminants

Answer 284

If the protein is NOT soluble, it can be partially purified by removed larger contaminants

Answer 285

If the protein is soluble, it can be partially purified by removed significantly smaller DNA molecules

Answer 286

The protein does not need to go through initial purification

Answer 287

Altering temperature

Answer 288

Altering pH

Answer 289

Altering salinity

Answer 290

Altering nutrients

Answer 291

Ion Exchange Chromatography

Answer 292

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

Answer 293

Salting Out

Answer 294

Will occur perfectly after one step

Answer 295

Requires multiple steps as the salt concentrations equalize

Answer 296

Should not occur when purifying proteins

Answer 297

Mobile Phase-a substance that the compounds to be separated pass by or interact with

Answer 298

Mobile Phase-the carrier for the compounds to be separated

Answer 299

Stationary Phase-a substance that the compounds to be separated pass by or interact with

Answer 300

Stationary Phase-the carrier for the compounds to be separated

Answer 301

Pouring, packing, loading, running, collecting

Answer 302

Packing, pouring, loading, running, collecting

Answer 303

Loading, packing, pouring, running, collecting

Answer 304

Packing, loading, pouring, running, collecting

Answer 305

When the level of liquid is equal to the solid beads

Answer 306

When the level of liquid is approximately 2 cm below the beads

Answer 307

You are never required to add more mobile phase

Answer 308

Large proteins

Answer 309

Moderate sized proteins

Answer 310

Small Proteins

Answer 311

None of the above

Answer 312

Large proteins

Answer 313

Moderate proteins

Answer 314

Small proteins

Answer 315

None of the above

Answer 316

Anion exchange- Column is +, targets are -

Answer 317

Cation exchange- Column is +, targets are -

Answer 318

Cation exchange- column is -, targets are +

Answer 319

Anion exchange-column is -, targets are +

Answer 320

Highly positive charge

Answer 321

Highly negative charge

Answer 322

Depends on the charge of the column

Answer 323

They will transfer at the same rate

Answer 324

Affinity, Ion, Size

Answer 325

Size, Ion, Affinity

Answer 326

Affinity, Size, Ion

Answer 327

Ion, Affinity, Size

Answer 328

polyacrylamide

Answer 329

Suitable buffer solution

Answer 330

Bis-acrylamide- cross linking

Answer 331

Acrylamide- forms chains

Answer 332

Ammonium persulfate- forms free radicals to catalyze polymerization

Answer 333

TEMED- forms free radicals to catalyze polymerization

Answer 334

BIs-acrylamide- forms chains

Answer 335

Acrylamide- cross linking

Answer 336

bromophenol

Answer 337

Stain 10 minutes, Soak in buffer for ten minutes, repeat

Answer 338

Stain for 25 minutes

Answer 339

Stain for 10 minutes, soak in buffer for 5 minutes. No repeated cycles required

Answer 340

No staining is required to visualize the gel

Answer 341

Size and Charge

Answer 342

Temperature

Answer 343

Temperature and charge

Answer 344

Conformation, Charge, Solubility

Answer 345

Conformation, Charge

Answer 346

Conformation, Solubility

Answer 347

Solubility, Charge

Answer 348

Separates based on size and charge

Answer 349

Requires ampholytes

Answer 350

Are ALWAYS separated by size first

Answer 351

Are time consuming

Answer 352

Do not require SDS

Answer 353

To compare samples from different sources to determine protein differences

Answer 354

To compare male and females chromosomal DNA

Answer 355

To compare the possible conformational structure of one proteins

Answer 356

They are rarely useful as they provide smudging

Answer 357

IgG- primary antibody account for 80% of antibodies

Answer 358

IgM- used in the external environments (gut, lungs, etc)

Answer 359

IgA-First secreted at sign of infection

Answer 360

IgD- dispensable, as the body does not REQUIRE them to get rid of an infection

Answer 361

IgE-causes histamine release

Answer 362

Is there room for storage of the B cells within the body?

Answer 363

Does the B-cell make host binding antibodies?

Answer 364

Does the B-cell make useful antigens?

Answer 365

Chromosomal Signalling

Answer 366

Plasma cells

Answer 367

Memory cells

Answer 368

Cells are spun out to obtain serum

Answer 369

Ion exchange chromatography column is produced which binds Fc region of the antibody

Answer 370

Plasma is poured through column to bind antibodies

Answer 371

Elution is by a high pH buffer and then neutralized in a fraction tube

Answer 372

Samples are tested by SDS-PAGE to determine peak fraction

Answer 373

Agglutination

Answer 374

Ouchterlony

Answer 375

Fluorescent

Answer 376

ELISA uses a membrane

Answer 377

Western blotting uses a membrane

Answer 378

ELISA does not us proteins

Answer 379

Western blotting uses DNA

Answer 380

Degradative

Answer 381

Colicinogenic

Answer 382

Resistance

Answer 383

Conjugative

Answer 384

replication

Answer 385

differentiation

Answer 386

Quantitative

Answer 387

To purify proteins through charge

Answer 388

To extract DNA from cleared bacterial lysate

Answer 389

TO purify proteins based on size

Answer 390

Carbohydrate

Answer 391

separation

Answer 392

Coomassie Blue- stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat

Answer 393

Sliver Nitrate- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours

Answer 394

Fluorescent- sensitive but requires specialized equipment

Answer 395

Coomassie Blue- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours

Answer 396

Coomassie Blue- sensitive but requires specialized equipment

Answer 397

Silver Nitrate-sensitive but requires specialized equipment

Answer 398

Sliver Nitrate- stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat

Answer 399

Fluorescent- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours

Answer 400

Fluorescent stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat

Answer 401

Use more volume

Answer 402

Use less volume

Answer 403

Concentrate the sample

Answer 404

Run a stacking gel

Answer 405

Run a shorter gel

Answer 406

Run a longer gel

Answer 407

acetic acid

Answer 408

acrylamide

Answer 409

conformation

Answer 410

Western blotting

Answer 411

polyacrylamide

Answer 412

electrophoretic

Answer 413

expression

Answer 414

transgenic

Answer 415

Isotope Labelling

Answer 416

Enzyme labelling

Answer 417

Fluorescent Labelling

Answer 418

Horseradish phosphotase

Answer 419

Horseradish phosphate

Answer 420

ALkaline Phosphotase

Answer 421

Alkaline peroxidase

Answer 422

Enzyme labelling

Answer 423

Fluorescent labelling

Answer 424

Isotope Labelling

Answer 425

paraformaldehyde

Answer 426

nonspecific

Answer 427

photodamage

Answer 428

resolution

Answer 429

photodamage

Answer 430

penetration

Answer 431

differentiation

Answer 432

replication

Answer 433

Addition of methyl to all A's int eh sequence

Answer 434

Addition of methyl to the second A of GAATC sequence

Answer 435

Addition of methyl to the third A of GAATC sequence

Answer 436

precipitate

Answer 437

isopropanol

Answer 438

protection

Answer 439

Template DNA

Answer 440

Template RNA

Answer 441

Oligonucleotide primers

Answer 442

Disaccharide primers

Answer 443

Polymerase

Answer 444

Heat-stable polymerase

Answer 445

Negative control

Answer 446

Positive control

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BMSC 240 Midterm and Final

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