4937138
Frage 1
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What has to be removed in order to place an epidural electrode?
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lamina
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pedicle
Frage 2
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Stimulation of the cortex on an AWAKE patient is to test for:
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identity
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language
Frage 3
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If a patient is unable to move at the end of the surgery, it is consistent with damage to the:
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cortical spinal tracts
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spinal thalamic
Frage 4
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Isola:
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rods and hooks
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sublaminal wires
Frage 5
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The best muscle to record lower TCeMEPs is:
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ATB
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FHL
Frage 6
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The best time for a wake-up test during scoliosis surgery is after:
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distraction
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induction
Frage 7
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The risk of the wake-up test includes:
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derotation
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extubation
Frage 8
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What monitoring is best for a scoliosis surgery?
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TCeMEP, SSEP, s-EMG, t-EMG
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EEG, EMG
Frage 9
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If you have to select only one modality during a scoliosis surgery, which one will you choose?
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TCeMEP
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SSEP
Frage 10
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Vertebral arteries run from:
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C2-C7
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the basilar artery rostrally
Frage 11
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What is the conduction time from stimulation at the lower thoracic spinal cord to a recording at the upper thoracic spinal cord?
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less than 10 msec
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more than 30 msec
Frage 12
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What is the most likely outcome with an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery
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loss of N13
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lower extremity paralysis
Frage 13
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After a thoracolumbar case, the patient wakes up with intact lower sensation and motor function, but left upper extremity weakness. What is the likely cause?
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brachial plexopathy
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thrombosis
Frage 14
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The effects of Harrington rod distraction on the spinal cord can be tested by the following except:
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the Stagnara wake-up test
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dorsal root stimulation
Frage 15
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Stimulation of the motor pathway can be achieved with little movement in the surgical field by:
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slowing the stimulation rate
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increasing the stimulation rate enough to produce muscle tetany
Frage 16
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Following the final application of corrective forces to the spinal column, the spinal cord should typically be monitored for at least:
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5 minutes
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30 minutes
Frage 17
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A contraindication for the use of transcranial electrical stimulation is
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craniotomy
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a cardiac pacemaker in place
Frage 18
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The Luque type of spinal instrumentation usually involves:
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the sublaminal wires
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rods and screws
Frage 19
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Luque rods would best be used for:
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posterior spinal fixation
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anterior cervical fusion stabilization
Frage 20
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A "false negative" test means that the test results:
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do not show an abnormality when a clinical abnormality is present
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show an abnormality when no clinical abnormality exits
Frage 21
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During scoliosis surgery, the spinal cord is most at risk for injury during:
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hypotension induced by the anesthesiologist
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spinal distraction and sublaminar wiring
Frage 22
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For transcortical magnetic stimulation, it is not true that:
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an electrical stimulator is required to pace the stimulus
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the stimulation is not perceived as painful
Frage 23
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Changing the inter stimulus interval (lSI) from 3.7 to 2.1 will:
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increase the frequency of stimulation
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decrease the frequency of stimulation
Frage 24
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Motor evoked potentials are also known as:
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cathodal stimulation
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anodal stimulation
Frage 25
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Motor evoked potentials can be recorded from the:
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dermatomes
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epidural space
Frage 26
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Motor evoked potentials responses are affected by the:
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rocuronium
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ativan
Frage 27
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The ideal anesthesia regimen for TCeMEP recording is:
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65% N20
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TIVA
Frage 28
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The epidural responses are also known as:
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D and I waves
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F and H waves
Frage 29
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The motor evoked response in hand muscles (arrow) is referred as:
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robust
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clipping
Frage 30
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The latency of the response in foot muscles is approximately:
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40 ms
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22 ms
Frage 31
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The responses in channel2 are classified as:
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biphasic
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polyphasic
Frage 32
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When recording motor evoked potentials, the artifact reject should always be
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turned off
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turned on
Frage 33
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The latency of D-wave responses in the upper cervical area is about:
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3 ms
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6 ms
Frage 34
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D-wave responses are:
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abolished at 1.2 MAC of anesthesia
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not effected by anesthesia
Frage 35
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An increase in anesthesia will result in a loss of the ___ response before the ____
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I4, I3
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I1, I2
Frage 36
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The recommended range of inter stimulus interval for motor evoked potentials is:
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1.1 - 8.8
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1.9 - 3.9
Frage 37
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The band pass setting for motor evoked potential should be set to:
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10-5000 Hz
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1 -1000Hz
Frage 38
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The latency of D-wave responses in the lower cervical area is about:
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6 ms
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12 ms
Frage 39
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The latency of D-wave responses in the lower thoracic area is about:
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9 ms
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15 ms
Frage 40
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A response recorded at 15 ms from an epidural spinal electrode arises from:
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the lower thoracic spine
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para-spinal muscles
Frage 41
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A motor unit originates from:
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anterior horn cells
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neuromuscular junction
Frage 42
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The inter-peak latency between I-waves is:
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2.0 ms
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1.0 ms
Frage 43
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The lowest spinal level for epidural recordings is:
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T10
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L2
Frage 44
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Bite blocks must be used during motor evoked potential recordings to prevent
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tongue bites
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burns
Frage 45
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When monitoring motor evoked potentials during spinal surgeries, the muscles selected must be ___ to the site of the surgery.
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proximal
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distal
Frage 46
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Motor evoked potentials monitor the integrity of dorsal column pathways.
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True
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False
Frage 47
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Ischemia of anterior spinal artery will result in loss of TCeMEP responses.
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True
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False
Frage 48
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A pulse width of 1000 us is used for TCeMEP stimulation.
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True
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False
Frage 49
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I-waves are epidural responses due to indirect stimulation of spinothalamic pathways.
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True
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False
Frage 50
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Motor evoked potentials are generated from which type of summation?
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Temporal
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Spatial
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