Virology (week 8)

Question

What is the basic structure of the Paramyxoviridae?

Answer 1

Enveloped, ss – sense, RNA viruses

Answer 2

Non-enveloped, ss – sense, RNA viruses

Answer 3

Enveloped, ss + sense, RNA viruses

Answer 4

Enveloped, ds – sense, RNA viruses

Answer 5

Non-nveloped, ss + sense, RNA viruses

Answer 6

Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase protein

Answer 7

Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein and Neuraminidase protein

Answer 8

Hernagglutinin and Neuraminidase protein

Answer 9

Haemagglutinin and Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein

Answer 10

Cleavage of F protein is essential for infectivity

Answer 11

Cleavage of F protein is essential for entering the host cell

Answer 12

Cleavage of F protein is essential for leaving the host cell

Answer 13

Characterised by respiratory, gastrointestinal, circulatory and nervous signs

Answer 14

Virulence varies between strains

Answer 15

Important disease of poultry worldwide

Answer 16

Highly contagious

Answer 17

Spreads rapidly among susceptible birds

Answer 18

Latent infection

Answer 19

Virulence of the virus strain

Answer 20

Tissue tropism

Answer 21

Age of chicken

Answer 22

Immune status

Answer 23

Temperature

Answer 24

Lentogenic

Answer 25

Viscerotropic

Answer 26

Neurotropic

Answer 27

“cleavability” and activation of the F protein

Answer 28

“cleavability” and activation of the Haemagglutinin protein

Answer 29

“cleavability” and activation of the Neuraminidase protein

Answer 30

“cleavability” and activation of the Haemagglutinin/Neuraminidase protein

Answer 31

Severe fatal disease with haemorrhagic intestinal lesions and bright green diarrhoea (mortality 90-100%)

Answer 32

Respiratory signs: tachypnoea, gasping, rales, oedema of head/neck. Progresses to nervous signs: tremors, paralysis, torticollis (mortality 10-20% in adults)

Answer 33

Coughing, weight loss, reduced egg production (mortality ~10% - usually young birds)

Answer 34

Mainly subclinical

Answer 35

Mainly subclinical

Answer 36

Coughing, weight loss, reduced egg production (mortality ~10% - usually young birds)

Answer 37

Respiratory signs: tachypnoea, gasping, rales, oedema of head/neck. Progresses to nervous signs: tremors, paralysis, torticollis (mortality 10-20% in adults)

Answer 38

Severe fatal disease with haemorrhagic intestinal lesions and bright green diarrhoea (mortality 90-100%)

Answer 39

Coughing, weight loss, reduced egg production (mortality ~10% - usually young birds)

Answer 40

Mainly subclinical

Answer 41

Respiratory signs: tachypnoea, gasping, rales, oedema of head/neck. Progresses to nervous signs: tremors, paralysis, torticollis (mortality 10-20% in adults)

Answer 42

Severe fatal disease with haemorrhagic intestinal lesions and bright green diarrhoea (mortality 90-100%)

Answer 43

Mainly subclinical

Answer 44

Coughing, weight loss, reduced egg production (mortality ~10% - usually young birds)

Answer 45

Respiratory signs: tachypnoea, gasping, rales, oedema of head/neck. Progresses to nervous signs: tremors, paralysis, torticollis (mortality 10-20% in adults)

Answer 46

Severe fatal disease with haemorrhagic intestinal lesions and bright green diarrhoea (mortality 90-100%)

Answer 47

Virus replication in epithelia of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts

Answer 48

Secondary viraemia - infection of lung, intestine, CNS

Answer 49

Haematogenous spread - spleen and bone marrow (viraemia)

Answer 50

Arthropod vector transmission replicates at localised site initially

Answer 51

Wide range of avian species are susceptible chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pheasants, pigeons…

Answer 52

Wild birds may act as reservoir – mutation at cleavage

Answer 53

Virus is excreted in faeces, from respiratory tract and survives in environment and in carcasses for weeks

Answer 54

Transmission by inhalation of aerosols or ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer 55

Transmission by arthropods (mosquitos)

Answer 56

Antivirals

Answer 57

ND free countries use test and slaughter

Answer 58

ND endemic countries use attenuated live vaccine strains (such as the V4 strain that is an endemic Australian strain)

Answer 59

Sentry chickens

Answer 60

Pyrexia, inflammation and necrosis of the mucous membranes

Answer 61

Diarrhoea and fever

Answer 62

Abortion and reproductive failure

Answer 63

Neurological symptoms (encephalitis)

Answer 64

High morbidity and high mortality

Answer 65

High morbidity and low mortality

Answer 66

Low morbidity and high mortality

Answer 67

Low morbidity and low mortality

Answer 68

3 – 5 days

Answer 69

6 – 9 days

Answer 70

1 – 2 days

Answer 71

1 – 4 days

Answer 72

Mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge

Answer 73

Necrotic foci (ulcers and erosions)

Answer 74

Profuse haemorrhagic diarrhoea

Answer 75

Dehydration, wasting and secondary infection

Answer 76

Abortion and reproductive failure

Answer 77

Within 12 days

Answer 78

Within 2 days

Answer 79

Within 5 days

Answer 80

Within 9 days

Answer 81

Leucopaenia due to destruction/necrosis of lymphoid tissue

Answer 82

Transmission by inhalation

Answer 83

Viraemia: spread of virus to other lymphoid tissue and mucosae of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts

Answer 84

Replication in tonsils and local URT lymph nodes

Answer 85

One serotype, but different strains recognised

Answer 86

No carrier state (young animals affected in endemic areas)

Answer 87

Virus is labile in environment

Answer 88

Infection requires close contact

Answer 89

Shedding before obvious clinical signs

Answer 90

Virus shed in faeces, urine, respiratory secretions etc

Answer 91

Can survive in the environment for weeks

Answer 92

Carrier states exist

Answer 93

Vaccination: attenuated vaccine (eradication planned by 2010, achieved 2011)

Answer 94

Lasting immunity to vaccine, no carriers, no animal reservoir, good diagnostic tests

Answer 95

Quarantine

Answer 96

Rinderpest spreads slowly

Answer 97

Pest de Petit Ruminants

Answer 98

Newcastles disease

Answer 99

Bovine vascular disease

Answer 100

Canine Distemper

Answer 101

Virus shed in expired air, faeces, urine, other secretions

Answer 102

Requires direct contact or close aerosol transmission

Answer 103

Virus is labile in environment

Answer 104

Outbreaks recorded in dogs, foxes, skunks, racoons, ferrets and lions

Answer 105

Higjly contagious

Answer 106

Urban dogs: infection spreads rapidly among young dogs as maternal antibody wanes (3-6months)

Answer 107

Rural dogs: lower population pressure, more susceptible, unvaccinated dogs. Outbreaks in dogs of varying ages

Answer 108

Urban dogs: lower population pressure, more susceptible, unvaccinated dogs. Outbreaks in dogs of varying ages

Answer 109

Rural dogs: infection spreads rapidly among young dogs as maternal antibody wanes (3-6months)

Answer 110

9- 10 days

Answer 111

Hyperkeratosis of nose and footpads

Answer 112

Skin rash and pustules may develop

Answer 113

Variable duration and severity of illness

Answer 114

Biphasic pyrexia: Second peak = onset of oculonasal discharge, pharyngitis, tonsillar enlargement

Answer 115

Old dog encephalitis: persistence in brain, motor and behavioural deterioration, invariably fatal

Answer 116

Acute disease is followed by recovery and life-long immunity, or progresses to CNS disease

Answer 117

Neurological signs include myoclonic contractions, ataxia, paresis, seizures and death-- Grave prognosis for dogs with neurological signs

Answer 118

Animals develop cough, vomiting, diarrhoea

Answer 119

Usually asymptomatic

Answer 120

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Answer 121

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Answer 122

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Answer 123

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Answer 124

Maternal antibodies and vaccination

Answer 125

Test and kill

Answer 126

Vaccinate to kill

Answer 127

Wild birds

Answer 128

Flying foxes (Fruit bats)

Answer 129

Arthropods

Answer 130

Congested, firm, fluid filled lungs, with dilated lymphatics. Thick, foamy, haemorrhagic exudate in airways

Answer 131

Liver necrosis

Answer 132

Encephalitis

Answer 133

Nipah virus

Answer 134

African Horse Sickness

Answer 135

Japanese Encephalitis

Answer 136

Enveloped, segmented, ss, - sense RNA

Answer 137

Non-enveloped, segmented, ss, - sense RNA

Answer 138

Non-enveloped, segmented, ds, - sense RNA

Answer 139

Enveloped, segmented, ss, + sense RNA

Answer 140

Thogotovirus

Answer 141

Quaranjavirus

Answer 142

Influenzavirus B

Answer 143

Influenzavirus A

Answer 144

Influenzavirus B

Answer 145

Thogotovirus

Answer 146

Quaranjavirus

Answer 147

Influenzavirus A

Answer 148

Influenzavirus C

Answer 149

17 HA subtypes and 9 NA subtypes

Answer 150

7 HA subtypes and 5 NA subtypes

Answer 151

17 HA subtypes and 4 NA subtypes

Answer 152

9 HA subtypes and 17 NA subtypes

Answer 153

Fever (up to 41°C)

Answer 154

Sneezing and oranasal discharge

Answer 155

Fatigue and anorexia

Answer 156

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 157

Diarrhoea and vomiting

Answer 158

Three times

Answer 159

It is endemic to Australia

Answer 160

2-3 weeks for well-rested, mildly affected horses and up to 6 months in the most severe cases

Answer 161

2-3 months for well-rested, mildly affected horses and up to 6 months in the most severe cases

Answer 162

2-3 weeks for well-rested, mildly affected horses and up to 3 months in the most severe cases

Answer 163

2-3 months for well-rested, mildly affected horses and up to 9 months in the most severe cases

Answer 164

Mortality rates in HPAI are nearly 100% compared to 3-15% iin LPAI

Answer 165

Mortality rates in HPAI are nearly 100% compared to 40% iin LPAI

Answer 166

Mortality rates in HPAI are nearly 100% compared to 30-50% iin LPAI

Answer 167

Attachment, Fusion and Antigenicity

Answer 168

Attachment, Fusion and Disattachment

Answer 169

Attachment, Fusion and Exclusion

Answer 170

cleaves sialic acid (also known as neuraminic acid) from glycoproteins and glycolipids and removes sialic acid from newly formed virions to prevent their aggregation and promote their release from infected cells

Answer 171

Attachment of the virion to the host cell

Answer 172

Breakdown of the host cell so that the new virions can leave

Answer 173

Antigenic DRIFT

Answer 174

Antigenic SHIFT

Answer 175

Non-enveloped, Icosahedral ss + sense RNA

Answer 176

Enveloped, Icosahedral ss + sense RNA

Answer 177

Non-enveloped, Icosahedral ds - sense RNA

Answer 178

Non-enveloped, Icosahedral ss - sense RNA

Answer 179

Enveloped, Icosahedral ss - sense RNA

Answer 180

Hepatovirus

Answer 181

Rhinovirus

Answer 182

Enterovirus

Answer 183

Cardiovirus

Answer 184

Aphthovirus

Answer 185

Parechovirus

Answer 186

Foot and Mouth Disease

Answer 187

Encephalomyocarditis virus

Answer 188

Equine Rhinitis A virus

Answer 189

Porcine enterovirus 1

Answer 190

Poliomyelitis

Answer 191

Swine vesicular disease virus

Answer 192

High mortality

Answer 193

Dramatic reduction in production

Answer 194

Infertility

Answer 195

Highly contagious

Answer 196

Carrier state

Answer 197

Rapid replication

Answer 198

Virus shedding before clinical signs

Answer 199

Small infective dose

Answer 200

Multiple serotypes

Answer 201

Multiple modes of transmission

Answer 202

Multiple host species

Answer 203

Latent infection

Answer 204

Persistent infection

Answer 205

Lost milk production for remainder of lactation and subsequent lactations - mastitis 25% loss of milk

Answer 206

Reduced growth rate

Answer 207

Reproductive dysfunction

Answer 208

2 – 8 days

Answer 209

1 – 2 days

Answer 210

9 – 12 days

Answer 211

Infects cloven hoofed animals

Answer 212

Infects birds (eg. chickens)

Answer 213

Infects horses

Answer 214

Infects carnivores

Answer 215

Fever, inappetence, depression

Answer 216

Vesicles on tongue and oral mucosa-->Excessive salivation

Answer 217

Reduced milk production

Answer 218

Vesicles in interdigital region and coronary bands

Answer 219

Vesicles on teats, nasal mucosa, muzzle

Answer 220

Ulceration (ruptured vesicles)

Answer 221

Myocarditis which result in sudden death in young piglets and calves

Answer 222

Pulmonary oedema

Answer 223

Reproductive failure

Answer 224

Via the respiratory tract- Inhalation of aerosolised droplets

Answer 225

Via the skin (broken or damaged skin, direct contact)

Answer 226

Venereal transmission

Answer 227

Vector transmission

Answer 228

Faecal-oral route

Answer 229

Pharyngeal mucosa and draining lymph nodes

Answer 230

Virus excretion ceases 4-6 days after vesicle appearance (when circulating antibodies develop)

Answer 231

Virus shed longer from hoof vesicles than oral

Answer 232

Virus shed in milk (23 days) and semen (56 days)

Answer 233

Vaccinated animals are protected, but can become carriers

Answer 234

80% of ruminants become persistently infected (pharyngeal and upper oesophageal tissues)

Answer 235

Latent infection can occur

Answer 236

Oral infection of pigs (swill feeding)

Answer 237

Aerosol spread to a susceptible population (10km over land and 250km over water)

Answer 238

Direct contact with sub-clinical / carrier animals or contaminated material

Answer 239

Changes in climate/weather causing an increase in athropods

Answer 240

Mutation of the virus

Answer 241

FMDV is acid labile (pH < 4 or > 11)

Answer 242

Virus can remain infective in uncooked, salted meats, improperly fermented salami, cheese etc

Answer 243

Virus can remain infective in faeces, urine and soil

Answer 244

Virus can remain infective on fomites for several weeks

Answer 245

Eradication campaign with blanket vaccination

Answer 246

Ring vaccination, +/- slaughter, blanket vaccination

Answer 247

Serological test & slaughter (positive and in contact animals)

Answer 248

Serological test & slaughter (positive and in contact animals)

Answer 249

Ring vaccination, +/- slaughter, blanket vaccination

Answer 250

Eradication campaign with blanket vaccination

Answer 251

Vesicular exanthema of swine

Answer 252

Swine Vesicular Disease

Answer 253

Swine influenza

Answer 254

Swine coronavirus

Answer 255

An upper respiratory tract disease in horses

Answer 256

A reproductive disease in horses

Answer 257

A GIT disease in horses

Answer 258

A lower respiratory tract disease in horses

Answer 259

Fever, depression, anorexia followed by tremors and ataxia, the hind limbs show neurological signs first, progressing to paralysis, convulsions, coma and death

Answer 260

Odd behaviour (tongue lolling, salivation, head bobbing) which returns to normal when the virus is cleared

Answer 261

Pulmonary and myocardial oedema

Answer 262

Faecal – oral route of transmission

Answer 263

Respiratory droplets

Answer 264

Vector transmission

Answer 265

Vertical transmission

	Erstellt von Kathryn Borg vor mehr als 8 Jahre

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Virology (week 8)

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