5606360
Frage 1
Frage
Where should the front edge of a bitewing radiograph be aligned?
Antworten
-
Mesial edge of the upper first pre-molar
-
Distal edge of the upper first pre-molar
-
Mesial edge of the upper second pre-molar
-
Distal edge of the upper first molar
Frage 2
Frage
Which type of bitewing radiography is more commonly used?
Antworten
-
Horizontal
-
Vertical
Frage 3
Frage
In a bitewing radiograph, the film should be positioned [blank_start]perpendicular[blank_end] to the occlusal surfaces of the teeth / central x-ray beam.
Antworten
-
at 90°
-
at 45°
-
at 30°
Frage 4
Frage
When may a bitewing radiograph be prescribed?
Antworten
-
Assessing occlusal and interproximal caries of multiple teeth
-
Assessing crowns of pre-molars and molars on one side of the mouth
-
Monitoring periodontal status
-
Assessing individual teeth and their apical tissues
Frage 5
Frage
What % of radiographs must be of excellent quality, with no errors in exposure, positioning or processing?
Antworten
-
70%
-
80%
-
50%
-
30%
Frage 6
Frage
What colour of envelope is used to request a radiograph in the X-ray department?
Antworten
-
White
-
Green
-
White/Purple
Frage 7
Frage
A _______ envelope is used to request a radiograph on clinics
Antworten
-
Green
-
White
-
White/Purple
Frage 8
Frage
What size of film is used when taking anterior periapical radiographs?
Antworten
-
Size 0
-
Size 2
-
Size 4
Frage 9
Frage
Size 4 film is used for what type of radiograph?
Antworten
-
Occlusal
-
Posterior periapical
-
Bitewing
-
Anterior periapical
Frage 10
Frage
What size of film is used when taking posterior periapical radiographs?
Antworten
-
Size 2
-
Size 4
-
Size 1
-
Size 0
Frage 11
Frage
Posterior periapicals and Bitewing radiographs are both taken using the same size of film.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 12
Frage
The white side of the X-ray film faces [blank_start]toward[blank_end] the X-ray tube.
Antworten
-
towards
-
away from
Frage 13
Frage
Radiographs should be prescribed to screen for disease.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 14
Frage
Select the correct indications for use of a peri-apical radiograph
Antworten
-
Periodontal status
-
Post-operative evaluation of implants
-
Apical infection
-
Endodontic treatment
-
Interproximal caries
-
Occlusal caries
Frage 15
Frage
Which type of X-ray film holder is used when using the bisecting angle technique?
Antworten
-
Rinn Snaparay
-
Rinn anterior holder
-
Rinn endoray
-
Hawes-Kwikbite
Frage 16
Frage
The paralleling periapical technique is [blank_start]reproducible[blank_end] since the X-ray film and tube are held in place with a holder.
Antworten
-
reproducible
-
not reproducible
Frage 17
Frage
In the paralleling periapical technique, the tooth and sensor are in contact.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 18
Frage
In both the ideal and parallelling periapical technique, which two things are parallel?
Antworten
-
Sensor
-
Long axis of the tooth
-
Occlusal surface of the tooth
-
Free gingival groove
Frage 19
Frage
In the ideal technique, the tooth and sensor are in contact.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 20
Frage
The best way to describe the bisecting angle technique is...
Antworten
-
Poorly reproducible
-
Easy to set up
-
Highly reproducible
-
A type of technique used when taking bitewing radiographs
Frage 21
Frage
The angle between which two features is bisected to reach the bisected angle?
Antworten
-
Long axis of tooth
-
Long axis of sensor
-
Occlusal surface of tooth
-
Alveolar crest of bone
Frage 22
Frage
Where is the central X-ray beam directed in the bisecting angle technique?
Antworten
-
Apex of the tooth
-
Long axis of the tooth
-
Pulpal horns
-
Pulp chamber of the tooth
Frage 23
Frage
What does ALARP stand for?
Antworten
-
As low as reasonably practicable
-
As little as radiographically possible
-
As low as radiationally possible
-
Administer local anaesthetic for radiation protection
Frage 24
Frage
Poor contrast may be as a result of...
Antworten
-
Poor processing
-
Wrong kV used
-
Exposure to daylight
-
Insufficient exposure
Frage 25
Frage
Shorter roots can be caused by [blank_start]too much[blank_end] vertical angulation.
Antworten
-
too much
-
too little
Frage 26
Frage
An overexposed image is darker than an optimally exposed image.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 27
Frage
Which side of the sensor faces the X-ray tube?
Antworten
-
White side
-
White/Purple side
Frage 28
Frage
Which side of the sensor faces away from the X-ray tube?
Antworten
-
White/Purple side
-
White side
Frage 29
Frage
For peri-apical radiographs, the embossed dot should aim towards the...
Antworten
-
Crown of the teeth
-
Apex of the root
-
Pulp chamber
Frage 30
Frage
For bite wing radiographs, the embossed dot should aim towards the...
Antworten
-
Upper teeth
-
Lower teeth
-
Apex of the lower teeth
Frage 31
Frage
What type of film is used for extra oral radiography?
Antworten
-
Direct
-
Indirect
Frage 32
Frage
What type of film is used for intra oral radiography?
Antworten
-
Direct
-
Indirect
Frage 33
Frage
Direct film is primarly responsive to
Antworten
-
X-ray photons
-
Light photons
Frage 34
Frage
Indirect film is primarly sensitive to
Antworten
-
Light photons
-
X-ray photons
Frage 35
Frage
Indirect film does not have embossed dot therefore L+R markers are used in the casette.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 36
Frage
Which of these are components used in intensifying screens?
Antworten
-
Calcium Tungstate
-
Lanthanum
-
Gadolinium
-
Silver halide
-
Yttrium
Frage 37
Frage
Intensifying screens reduce patient dose but consequently produce a lower resolution image.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 38
Frage
If a direct film is placed the wrong way round, there is no way of telling that an error has been made.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 39
Frage
Label the image of the direct X-ray film
Antworten
-
Protective gelatin layer
-
Emulsion (silver halide)
-
Adhesive
-
Plastic base
Frage 40
Frage
When X-ray photons strike the silver halide emulsion of the film, what happens to the silver halide emulsion?
Antworten
-
It is sensitised
-
It is excited
-
It is neutralised
-
It is oxidised
Frage 41
Frage
When X-ray photons hit the silver halide emulsion, does this form the visible or latent image?
Antworten
-
Latent image
-
Visible image
Frage 42
Frage
The embossed dot should face toward the operator and x-ray tube.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 43
Frage
In a CCD X-rays hit the [blank_start]scintillation[blank_end] layer above the matrix/array and are converted to [blank_start]light[blank_end] photons. This creates a [blank_start]charge packet[blank_end] which represents the [blank_start]latent[blank_end] image. This is transmitted as an [blank_start]analogue[blank_end] voltage then converted by an analogue-digital converter to the digital image.
Antworten
-
scintillation
-
light
-
charge packet
-
latent
-
analogue
Frage 44
Frage
Instead of film, what do PSPP systems use?
Antworten
-
Barium fluorohalide phosphor
-
Silver halide
-
Gadolinium
-
Lanthanum
Frage 45
Frage
For a PSPP system, the barium [blank_start]fluorohalide[blank_end] phosphor layer absorbs the X-ray photons and stores them (X-rays not [blank_start]attenuated[blank_end] by patient). The image plate is then placed in a laser reader and this causes the stored X-rays to be released as light. A [blank_start]photomultiplier[blank_end] tube then detects this light energy and converts it into a voltage which is then interpreted by a computer and displayed as a digital image.
Antworten
-
fluorohalide
-
attenuated
-
photomultiplier
Frage 46
Frage
Select the disadvantages of digital film
Antworten
-
Loss of quality if printed
-
Image alteration possible
-
Expensive to initially implement
-
Higher dose
-
Slower processing
Frage 47
Frage
Select the advantages of digital film
Antworten
-
Lower dose
-
Faster processing
-
Easy transfer
-
Inexpensive to implement
-
Less security required in software
Frage 48
Frage
Digital X-ray processing:
1. [blank_start]Analogue[blank_end] voltage converted to numerical [blank_start]digital[blank_end] signal
2. Each pixel given x,y coordinate and [blank_start]number[blank_end]
3. The computer then allocates the number a shade of [blank_start]grey[blank_end] scale
Antworten
-
Analogue
-
Digital
-
digital
-
analogue
-
number
-
hash
-
grey
-
the visible spectrum
Frage 49
Frage
A number 0 given to a pixel represents a black shade on the grey scale. What does this mean about X-ray attenuation of the patient?
Antworten
-
The patient has not attenuated any of the X-rays
-
The patient has fully attenuated the X-rays
Frage 50
Frage
A number 255 given to a pixel represents a white shade on the grey scale. What does this mean about X-ray attenuation of the patient?
Antworten
-
All of the X-rays have been attenuated by the patient
-
Some of the X-rays have been attenuated by the patient
-
None of the X-rays have been attenuated by the patient
Frage 51
Frage
Which factors affect the final resolution and size of a digital X-ray image?
Antworten
-
Number of pixels
-
Size of pixels
-
Number of shades available from grey scale
-
Type of pixel
-
X-ray attenuation by patient
Frage 52
Frage
Put in the correct order the processing of X-ray film
1. [blank_start]Development[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Fixation[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Washing[blank_end]
Antworten
-
Development
-
Fixation
-
Washing
Frage 53
Frage
During development of X-ray film, sensitised silver halide ions are reduced to black metallic silver. What part of the image does this produce?
Antworten
-
Black/Grey part
-
White part
Frage 54
Frage
Too long development of X-ray film leads to an image that is...
Antworten
-
Too dark
-
Too pale
Frage 55
Frage
What is the name of the active ingredient in the developing solution used to develop X-ray film?
Antworten
-
Hydroquinone
-
Camphoroquinone
-
Gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
Frage 56
Frage
During fixation of the X-ray film image, what substance is used to remove unsensitised silver halide ions?
Antworten
-
Ammonium thiosulphate
-
Copper sulphate
-
Sodium hexafluoride
Frage 57
Frage
The removal of unsensitised silver halide ions results in which parts of the image?
Antworten
-
Transparent/White
-
Black/Grey
Frage 58
Frage
The time taken to clear unsensitised silver halide ions is known as the...
Antworten
-
Clearing time
-
Washing time
-
Fixation time
-
Oxidation time
Frage 59
Frage
The X-ray film is fixed for ........ the clearing time
Antworten
-
Double
-
Triple
-
Half
Frage 60
Frage
The fixation solution is alkaline and thus contamination with the alkaline developer solution is not a problem.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 61
Frage
The X-ray film emulsion is ........... by aliminium chloride.
Antworten
-
Hardened
-
Softened
-
Fixed
Frage 62
Frage
After fixation, X-rays films are washed to remove residual chemicals. What chemical is used to wash them?
Antworten
-
Water
-
Ammonium thiosulphate
-
Hydrogen peroxide
-
Ethanol
Frage 63
Frage
In manual processing there is sometimes an extra washing stage - when is this completed?
Antworten
-
Before development
-
Between development and fixation
-
Between fixation and washing
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