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Chemistry Final Part Two

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Chem Final
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Frage 1

Frage
How many joules are there in 115 calories? (1cal = 4.18 J)
Antworten
  • 2.9 J
  • 4.8 J
  • 28 J
  • 481 J
  • 11500 J

Frage 2

Frage
Which of the following has the greatest heat capacity?
Antworten
  • 1000 g of water
  • 1000 g of steel
  • 1 g of water
  • 1 g of steel

Frage 3

Frage
Which of the following substances has the highest specific heat?
Antworten
  • steel
  • water
  • alcohol
  • chloroform

Frage 4

Frage
What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 100 g aluminum by 10 °C? (specific heat of aluminum = 0.21 cal/g x °C)
Antworten
  • 0.21 cal
  • 2.1 cal
  • 210 cal
  • 21000 cal
  • None of the above

Frage 5

Frage
What is the specific heat of a substance if 1560 cal is required to raise the temperature of a 312-g sample by 15 °C?
Antworten
  • 0.033 cal/g x °C
  • 0.33 cal/g x ºC
  • 0.99 cal/g x ºC
  • 1.33 cal/g x ºC

Frage 6

Frage
How many kilocalories of heat are required to raise the temperature of the 225 g of Al from 20 ºC to 100 ºC? (specific heat of aluminum = 0.21 cal/g x ºC)
Antworten
  • 0.59 kcal
  • 3.8 kcal
  • 85 kcal
  • None of the above

Frage 7

Frage
The heat capacity of an object depends in part on its______.
Antworten
  • mass
  • enthalpy
  • shape
  • potential energy

Frage 8

Frage
The amount of heat transferred from an object depend on all of the following except ______.
Antworten
  • the specific heat of the object
  • the change in temperature the object undergoes
  • the initial temperature of the object
  • the mass of the object

Frage 9

Frage
A piece of metal is heated, then submerged in cool water. Which statement below describes what happens?
Antworten
  • The temperature of the metal will increase.
  • The temperature of the water will increase.
  • The temperature of the water will decrease.
  • The temperature of the water will increase and the temperature of the metal will decrease.
  • The temperature of the water will decrease and the temperature of the metal will increase.

Frage 10

Frage
Two objects are sitting next to each other in direct sunlight. Object A gets hotter than object B.
Antworten
  • Object A has a higher specific heat than object B.
  • Object A has a lower specific heat than object B.
  • Both object have the same specific heat.

Frage 11

Frage
In an exothermic reaction, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of the reactants is ______.
Antworten
  • equal to the energy stored in the bonds of the products
  • greater than the energy stored in the bonds of the products
  • less than the energy stored in the bonds of the products
  • less than the heat released
  • less than the heat absorbed

Frage 12

Frage
Compared to 100 g of iron, a 10-g sample of iron has ______.
Antworten
  • a higher specific heat.
  • a lower specific heat.
  • the same specific heat.

Frage 13

Frage
If the heat involved in a chemical reaction has a negative sign, _____.
Antworten
  • heat is lost to the surroundings
  • heat is gained from the surroundings

Frage 14

Frage
A process that absorbs heat is a(n) ______ process.
Antworten
  • exothermic
  • endothermic
  • polythermic
  • ectothermic

Frage 15

Frage
If you were to touch the flask in which an endothermic reaction were occurring, _____.
Antworten
  • the flask would probably feel cooler than before the reaction started
  • the flask would probably feel warmer than before the reaction started
  • the flask would feel the same as before the reaction started
  • None of the above

Frage 16

Frage
The amount of heat released by the complete burning of 1 mole of a substance is the _____.
Antworten
  • specific heat
  • heat of combustion
  • heat capacity
  • system heat

Frage 17

Frage
The following equation shows the reaction that occurs when nitroglycerine explodes. 4 C3H5O9N3--> 12 CO2 + 10 6 N2 + O2 + 10 H2O + 1725 kcal This reaction is ______.
Antworten
  • endothermic
  • exothermic
  • a combination reaction
  • a combustion reaction

Frage 18

Frage
The amount of heat needed to melt one mole of a solid is called the _____.
Antworten
  • molar heat of fusion
  • molar heat of solidification
  • heat of reaction
  • enthalpy

Frage 19

Frage
The amount of heat absorbed by a melting solid ______ the amount of heat lost by a solidifying liquid.
Antworten
  • is the same as
  • is less than
  • is greater than

Frage 20

Frage
During a phase change, the temperature of a substance _____.
Antworten
  • increases
  • decreases
  • remains constant
  • may increase or decrease

Frage 21

Frage
The vaporization of a liquid is an
Antworten
  • exothermic process
  • endothermic process

Frage 22

Frage
Hess's Law _____.
Antworten
  • makes it possible to calculate △H for complicated chemical reactions
  • states that when you reverse a chemical equation, you must change the sign of △H
  • determines the way a calorimeter works
  • describes the vaporization of solids

Frage 23

Frage
The amount of heat involved in the creation of 1 mole of substance from its element is called _____.
Antworten
  • enthalpy
  • heat of reaction
  • standard heat of formation
  • heat of solidification

Frage 24

Frage
To calculate the amount of heat absorbed as a substance melts, which of the following information is not needed?
Antworten
  • the mass of the substance
  • the specific heat of the substance
  • the change in temperature
  • the density of the smaple

Frage 25

Frage
As the temperature of a sample of matter is increased, what happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in the sample?
Antworten
  • It decreases.
  • It increases.
  • It does not change.

Frage 26

Frage
When 45 g of an alloy at 100ºC is dropped into 100.0 g of water at 25 ºC, the final temperature is 37ºC. What is the specific heat of the alloy?
Antworten
  • 0.423
  • 1.77
  • 9.88
  • 48.8

Frage 27

Frage
How much heat does it take to make the water in a teakettle boil if the water starts at 22ºC?
Antworten
  • 88 calories
  • 88 joules
  • 88 Calories
  • Not enough information given.

Frage 28

Frage
To determine the heat change for a reaction in an aqueous solution, _____.
Antworten
  • you need to know the specific heat of the reactants
  • you can mix the reactants in a calorimeter and measure the temperature change
  • you need to know the mass of the reactants
  • you cannot determine the heat change for this type of reaction

Frage 29

Frage
Which of the following equations correctly represents an endothermic reaction?
Antworten
  • A + B --> C + D + heat
  • A + B + heat --> C + D

Frage 30

Frage
The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ºC is defined as _____.
Antworten
  • a joule
  • specific heat capacity
  • a calorie
  • density

Frage 31

Frage
For a given substance, the molar heat of fusion _____ the molar heat of vaporization.
Antworten
  • always equals
  • is less than
  • is greater than

Frage 32

Frage
For a given substance, the molar heat of vaporization ______ the molar heat of condensation.
Antworten
  • always equal
  • is less than
  • is greater than

Frage 33

Frage
Heat of solution is ______.
Antworten
  • the amount of heat required to change a solid into a liquid
  • the amount of heat absorbed or released when a solid dissolves
  • the amount of heat required to change a vapor into a liquid
  • the amount of heat released when a vapor changes into a liquid

Frage 34

Frage
The heat of formation for an element in its standard state is ______.
Antworten
  • always zero
  • sometimes zero
  • never zero

Frage 35

Frage
When heat is added to boiling water, its temperature ______.
Antworten
  • increases
  • decreases
  • stays the same
  • depends on the amount of water

Frage 36

Frage
Compared to a glass of ice water with ice in it, a glass of ice-cold water without ice will warm up _____.
Antworten
  • faster
  • slower
  • at the same rate

Frage 37

Frage
When snow melts, what happens to the surrounding air?
Antworten
  • It gets warmer.
  • It gets cooler.
  • Nothing happens to the surrounding air.

Frage 38

Frage
Why does air leave a tire when the tire valve is opened?
Antworten
  • because the pressure outside the tire is lower than the pressure inside the tire
  • because the pressure outside the tire is greater than the pressure inside the tire
  • because the temperature is higher outside the tire than inside the tire
  • because there are more gas particles outside the tire than inside the tire

Frage 39

Frage
Which of these changes would NOT cause an increase in the the pressure of a gaseous system?
Antworten
  • The container is made larger.
  • Additional amounts of the same gas are added to the container.
  • The temperature is increased.
  • Another gas is added to the container.

Frage 40

Frage
If the volume of a container holding gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure within the containers?
Antworten
  • The pressure will increase.
  • The pressure will not change.
  • The pressure will decrease.

Frage 41

Frage
What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed?
Antworten
  • The temperature increases.
  • The temperature does not change.
  • The temperature decreases.

Frage 42

Frage
Why does an aerosol can become cooler when gas is released?
Antworten
  • because the propellant expands
  • because the propellant contracts
  • because the product expands with the can
  • because the volume of the can decreases

Frage 43

Frage
As the temperature of the gas in a balloon decreases _____.
Antworten
  • the volume increases
  • the average kinetic energy of the gas decreases
  • the pressure increases
  • All of the above

Frage 44

Frage
If the volume of a container of air is reduced by one-half, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen within the container?
Antworten
  • It is reduced by one-half.
  • It is unchanged.
  • It is doubled.

Frage 45

Frage
Boyle's law states that _____.
Antworten
  • the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure
  • the volume of a gas varies directly with pressure
  • the temperature of a gas varies inversely with pressure
  • the temperature of a gas varies directly with pressure

Frage 46

Frage
When the temperature and number of particles are kept constant for a sample of gas, which of the following os also constant for the sample?
Antworten
  • the sum of the pressure and volume
  • the difference of the pressure and volume
  • the product of the pressure and volume
  • the quotient of the pressure and volume

Frage 47

Frage
The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the gas _____.
Antworten
  • is reduced by one-half
  • remains unchanged
  • is doubled
  • varies depending on the nature of the gas

Frage 48

Frage
The volume of a gas is reduced from 4L to 0.5 L while the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the gas ______.
Antworten
  • increases by a factor of four
  • decreases by a factor of eight
  • increases by a factor of eight
  • increases by a factor of two

Frage 49

Frage
A gas occupies a volume of 0.2 L at 10.1 kPa. What volume will the gas occupy at 101 kPa?
Antworten
  • 38 L
  • 20 L
  • 2 L
  • 0.02 L

Frage 50

Frage
Charles' Law states that _____.
Antworten
  • the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins
  • the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
  • the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins
  • the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its temperature in kelvins

Frage 51

Frage
A sample gas occupies 40.0 mL at -123 ºC. What volume does the sample occupy at 27 ºC?
Antworten
  • 182 mL
  • 8.80 mL
  • 80.0 mL
  • 20.0 mL

Frage 52

Frage
If a balloon is rubbed vigorously, what happens to the pressure of the air inside the balloon if the volume remains constant?
Antworten
  • It increases.
  • It stays the same.
  • It decreases.

Frage 53

Frage
When the volume and number of particles are held constant for a sample of gas, which of the following is also constant for the sample?
Antworten
  • the sum of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
  • the difference of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
  • the product of the pressure and temperature in kelvins
  • the quotient of the pressure and temperature in kelvins

Frage 54

Frage
The combined gas law relates which of these?
Antworten
  • pressure and volume only
  • temperature and pressure only
  • volume and temperature only
  • temperature, pressure, and volume

Frage 55

Frage
At a certain temperature and pressure, 0.20 mol of CO2 has a volume of 3.1 L. A 3.1-L sample of hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure ______.
Antworten
  • has the same mass
  • contains the same number of atoms
  • has a higher density
  • contains the same number of molecules

Frage 56

Frage
Which of the following scientist developed an atomic theory in the early 1800s?
Antworten
  • Isaac Newton
  • Antoine Lavoisier
  • Francis Bacon
  • Roger Bacon
  • John Dalton

Frage 57

Frage
Who discovered the electron?
Antworten
  • Joseph Thomson
  • Niels Bohr
  • Ernest Rutherford
  • John Dalton
  • Albert Einstein

Frage 58

Frage
Which of the following is an accurate description of Thomson's model of the atom?
Antworten
  • The electrons orbit the protons which are at the center of the atom
  • The electrons and protons move throughout the atom
  • Electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • The electrons, like "raisins," are stuck into lump of protons, like "dough," in a "plum pudding" atom

Frage 59

Frage
In Rutherford's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
Antworten
  • the electrons orbit the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons move throughout the atom
  • the electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons are located throughout the atom, but they are not free to move

Frage 60

Frage
In Bohr's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
Antworten
  • the electrons orbit the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons move throughout the atom
  • the electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
  • the electrons and protons are located throughout the atom, but they are not free to move

Frage 61

Frage
In the Bohr model of the atom, an electron in an orbit has a fixed?
Antworten
  • position
  • color
  • energy

Frage 62

Frage
What did Rutherford's experiment demonstrate?
Antworten
  • that electrons orbit the nucleus
  • that all neutrons are located in the nucleus
  • that most of an atom's mass is concentrated in a relatively small portion of the atoms entire volume
  • that atoms are made of positively and negatively charged particles

Frage 63

Frage
Which of the following scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
Antworten
  • Albert Einstein
  • Erwin Schrsdinger
  • Niels Bohr
  • Ernest Rutherford
  • Joseph Tomson

Frage 64

Frage
What is the probability of finding an electron within the region indicated by the drawn electron cloud?
Antworten
  • 50%
  • 67%
  • 75%
  • 90%
  • 100%

Frage 65

Frage
The quantum mechanical model of the atom _____.
Antworten
  • defines the exact path of an electron around the nucleus
  • was proposed by Niels Bohr
  • is concerned with the probability of finding an election in a certain position
  • has many analogies in the visible world

Frage 66

Frage
The principal quantum number indicates what property of an electron
Antworten
  • position
  • speed
  • energy level
  • electron cloud shape
  • spin

Frage 67

Frage
The shape (not the size) of an electron cloud is determined by the electrons
Antworten
  • energy sublevel
  • spin
  • position
  • speed
  • principal quantum number

Frage 68

Frage
The 3p atomic orbital has the shape of ______.
Antworten
  • a sphere
  • a dumbbell
  • a bar
  • two perpendicular dumbbells
  • an egg

Frage 69

Frage
How many energy sublevels are there in the second principal energy level?
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5

Frage 70

Frage
What types of atomic orbitals are in the third principal energy level?
Antworten
  • s and p only
  • p and d only
  • s, p, and d only
  • p, d, and f only

Frage 71

Frage
How many f orbitals can there be in one atom?
Antworten
  • 1
  • 3
  • 5
  • 7
  • 9

Frage 72

Frage
What is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principal energy level?
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 5
  • 10

Frage 73

Frage
What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sub level?
Antworten
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

Frage 74

Frage
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?
Antworten
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32

Frage 75

Frage
Which of the following energy levels has the lowest energy?
Antworten
  • 3d
  • 4s
  • 4p
  • 4f

Frage 76

Frage
If the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital?
Antworten
  • zero
  • clockwise
  • counterclockwise

Frage 77

Frage
What is the next atomic orbital in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?
Antworten
  • 2d
  • 2f
  • 3d
  • 3f
  • 4s

Frage 78

Frage
Which of the following states that no more than two electrons can occupy an atomic orbital and that two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins?
Antworten
  • Hund's rule
  • Dalton's theory
  • the Aufbau principle
  • the Pauli exclusion principle

Frage 79

Frage
If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed in the three orbitals?
Antworten
  • one electron in each orbital
  • two electrons in one orbital, one in another, none in the third
  • three in one orbital, none in the other two

Frage 80

Frage
What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?
Antworten
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6
  • 8
  • 10

Frage 81

Frage
In order to occupy the same orbital, two electrons must have _____.
Antworten
  • the same direction of spin
  • low energy
  • a high quantum number
  • opposite spin

Frage 82

Frage
According to the Aufbau principle _____.
Antworten
  • an orbital may be occupied by only two electrons
  • electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
  • electrons enter orbitals of highest energy first
  • electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first

Frage 83

Frage
What is the basis for exceptions to the Aufbau principle?
Antworten
  • filled and half filled energy sub levels are more stable than partially-filled ones
  • electron configurations are only probable
  • electron spins are more important than energy levels in determining electron configuration
  • some elements have unusual atomic orbitals

Frage 84

Frage
Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the highest frequencies?
Antworten
  • ultraviolet light waves
  • x-rays
  • microwaves
  • gamma rays
  • infrared light waves

Frage 85

Frage
Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
Antworten
  • orange
  • yellow
  • green
  • blue
  • violet

Frage 86

Frage
The quanta of light are called _____.
Antworten
  • charms
  • excitons
  • muons
  • photons
  • solitons

Frage 87

Frage
The lowest energy state of an atom is called the _____.
Antworten
  • excited state
  • ground state
  • independent state
  • dependent state
  • configurational state

Frage 88

Frage
To which variable of an object's wavelength directly proportional?
Antworten
  • mass
  • velocity
  • temperature
  • position
  • None of the above

Frage 89

Frage
To which variable of an object is the object's mass directly proportional?
Antworten
  • wavelength
  • velocity
  • temperature
  • position
  • frequency

Frage 90

Frage
Who developed the uncertainty principle?
Antworten
  • Albert Einstein
  • Niels Bohr
  • Werner Heisenberg
  • Erwin Schrsdinger
  • Louis de Broglie

Frage 91

Frage
According to the uncertainty principle, if the position of a moving particle is known what other quantity cannot be known?
Antworten
  • mass
  • temperature
  • charge
  • spin
  • velocity
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