6093444
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Quiz von Nicole Buda, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Nicole Buda
vor fast 8 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Acronym for early stroke awareness
Antworten
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FUN
-
FACE
-
FAST
-
RACE
Frage 2
Frage
What does the 'F' in FAST stand for?
Antworten
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Face
-
Fast Response
-
False
-
Finish a sentence
Frage 3
Frage
Movement of arms like a 'C' inward toward spinal cord is called:
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decerebrate
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'C'eizure
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decorticate
-
muscle spasms
Frage 4
Frage
A transient ischemic attack or 'TIA' usually
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lasts 2-3 hours
-
has permanent effects
-
lasts less than 1 hour
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due to hemorrhage
Frage 5
Frage
Hemiplegia describes paralysis involving
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unilateral side of body
-
lower extremeties
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all four extremeties
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muscles of the mouth
Frage 6
Frage
Clinical manifestations of CVA include:
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HTN, dysphagia, arm drift, facial droop
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burning in throat, epigastric pain
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polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
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chest pain and SOB
Frage 7
Frage
Types of ischemic stroke are:
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thrombotic
-
hemorrhagic
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transient
-
embolic
Frage 8
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Cells involved in clearing blood debris of a hemorrhagic stroke include:
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RBCs
-
lymphokines
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astrocytes
-
macrophages
Frage 9
Frage
What are clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic stroke?
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headache that develops in seconds, decreased LOC
-
urinary and bowel incontinence
-
aphasia, apraxia
-
increased hunger
Frage 10
Frage
Decerebrate posturing is described as:
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extensor posturing
-
arms like an 'X'
-
arms like a 'C'
-
stiff neck
Frage 11
Frage
Neurological symptoms of a stroke appear as:
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symmetrical
-
opposite side of injury
-
gradual onset
-
hypotension
Frage 12
Frage
Pt is exhibiting signs of right brain stroke, which side of the body will you see s/s?
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left side
-
right side
-
both sides
-
neither side
Frage 13
Frage
Documenting a pt as lethargic means
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easy arousal
-
no verbal response
-
minimal verbal response
-
disorientation to time
Frage 14
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Pt only opens eyes w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
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coma
-
obtundation
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lethargy
-
stupor
Frage 15
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Increased intracranial pressure causes decrease in cerebral perfusion
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- True
- False
Frage 16
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The most common cause of osteomyelitis is:
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hematogenous spread of infection
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rheumatoid disease
-
direct contamination of an open wound
-
deficiency of calcium.
-
deficiency of vitamin D
Frage 17
Frage
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves:
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inadequate mineralization
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impaired synthesis of bone organic matrix
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alteration in the OPG/RANKL/RANK system
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formation of sclerotic bone
-
none of these
Frage 18
Frage
RA begins with:
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destruction of the synovial membrane and subsynovial tissue
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inflammation of ligaments
-
destruction of the articular cartilage
-
softening of the articular cartilage
-
destruction of the joint capsule
Frage 19
Frage
The causes of OA include which of the following? (More than one answer may be correct.)
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enzymatic breakdown
-
proteoglycan destruction
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rheumatoid factor
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circulating immune complexes
-
infections
Frage 20
Frage
Ankylosing spondylitis: (More than one answer may be correct.)
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is a systemic immune inflammatory disease
-
is characterized by stiffening or fusion of the spine.
-
causes instability of synovial joints
-
begins with inflammation of fibrocartilage
-
is manifested early by low back pain and stiffness
Frage 21
Frage
In gout:
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the pathogenesis is formation of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues.
-
purine metabolism is altered.
-
affected individuals likely have an inherited enzyme defect.
-
the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
-
all of these
Frage 22
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A muscle contracture is:
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the hyperuricemia can be the result of acquired chronic disease or a drug
-
muscle shortening possibly because of CNS injury
-
often helped by relaxation training and biofeedback
-
a consequence of reduced muscle protein synthesis
-
all of these
Frage 23
Frage
Sprains:
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articular cartilages lose contact entirely
-
articular cartilages are partially separated
-
complete separation of a tendon or a ligament
-
a ligament tear
Frage 24
Frage
osteo-
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pertaining to the bone
-
pertaining to the cartilage
-
muscle
-
pertaining to the joing
Frage 25
Frage
condro-
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-
pertaining to the bone
-
pertaining to the cartilage
-
muscle
-
pertaining to the joint
Frage 26
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Rhabdo-
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literally means 'rod' or 'rod-like'
-
muscle weakness
Frage 27
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myo-
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muscle
-
muscle weakness
-
tumors of the connective tissue
Frage 28
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artho-
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pertaining to the bone
-
pertaining to the cartilage
-
muscle
-
pertaining to the joint
Frage 29
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muscle diagnosis in which there is muscle weakness due to dysfunction of muscle fiber
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fibromyalgia
-
myopathy
-
neuropathy
-
sprain
Frage 30
Frage
A sarcoma is a group of tumors arising from connective tissue
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- True
- False
Frage 31
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Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by damage or destruction in the _____ or _____ and by systematic signs of inflammation (select all that apply)
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connective tissue
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synovial membrane
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articular cartilage
-
nerve fibers
Frage 32
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Non-inflammatory disease caused by a progression of loss in cartilage
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 33
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Non-infectious disease caused by an autoimmune reaction
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 34
Frage
Sclerosis of bone underneath the cartilage and formation of bone spurs is possible with _____
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 35
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_____ has a higher incidence in the elderly and is primarily idiopathic
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osteoarthritis
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RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 36
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Chronic condition caused by deterioration of cartilage (damaging chondrocytes). Cartilage becomes thin, flaky, then absent. Bone surfaces become less protected and therefore pt experiences pain upon weight bearing and mobilization
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 37
Frage
Risk factors for _____ include: advancing age, joint trauma, long-term mechanical stress, drugs, obesity, and endocrine DOs
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 38
Frage
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: deformity/nodules at ends of digits, worsening pain with activity, and asymmetrical symptoms
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osteoarthritis
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RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 39
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Pain worsens with activity
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osteoarthritis
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RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 40
Frage
AM pain/stiffness diminishes in about 30 minutes after getting out of bed
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osteoarthritis
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RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 41
Frage
Diagnosis of _____ can be done with an x-ray
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 42
Frage
An inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, primarily involving damage to the connective tissue in the synovial membrane. Cause is unknown, but multifactorial contributors and genetic predisposition have been noted
Antworten
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 43
Frage
Neutrophils and other cells in synovial fluid become activated and thicken becoming inflammatory exudate. Joint become swollen and inflamed. Inflammation causes small venules to become occluded w/ cells --> decrease in vascular flow to the joint. Inflammatory cytokines induce enzymatic breakdown of cartilage and bone.
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 44
Frage
Pannus, which is associated with _____, grows over the articular surface and causes destruction
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 45
Frage
Pain worsens w/ rest
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 46
Frage
Morning pain/stiffness lasts 1+ hours after getting out of bed
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 47
Frage
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: fever, fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, joint pain/stiffness/tenderness, joints warm to touch, deformity (swan hands). and decreased ROM. Symptoms occur symmetrically
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 48
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Starts in fingers and wrists w/ later involvement in weight bearing joints (ankles & feet).
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 49
Frage
Complications of _____ include: systemic effects including skin, cardiac valves, pericardium, pleura, lung parenchyma, and spleen; formation of nodules w/ central tissue necrosis and proliferation of connective tissue
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 50
Frage
Blood tests are used to diagnose _____
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osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 51
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Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by a _____ infection.
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candidal
-
staph
-
strep
Frage 52
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_____ osteomyelitis may originate from an open wound, open fracture, penetrating wound, or surgical procedure
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exogenous
-
endogenous
Frage 53
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_____ osteomyelitis may originate from pathogens carried in the blood from sites of infection elsewhere in the body
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exogenous
-
endogenous
Frage 54
Frage
Clinical manifestations of _____ include: acute or chronic inflammation, fever, pain, and necrotic bone.
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-
osteoarthritis
-
RA
-
osteomyelitis
Frage 55
Frage
As you age, the amount of cartilage in your body starts to build up
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- True
- False
Frage 56
Frage
Fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone
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-
tendon
-
ligament
Frage 57
Frage
band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones where they meet in a joint
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tendon
-
ligament
Frage 58
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tearing or stretching of a muscle or tendon is commonly known as a:
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sprain
-
strain
Frage 59
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Ligament tears are commonly known as:
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sprains
-
strains
Frage 60
Frage
What makes up the CNS
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brain
-
spinal cord
-
cranial nerves
-
spinal nerves
Frage 61
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What makes up the PNS
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brain
-
spinal cord
-
cranial nerves
-
spinal nerves
Frage 62
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The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are components of the _____ nervous system
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autonomic
-
somatic
Frage 63
Frage
What are the types of pain?
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visceral
-
somatic
-
referred
Frage 64
Frage
In promoting health maintenance for prevention of strokes, the nurse understands that the highest risk for the most common type of CVA is seen in
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African Americans with hypertension and diabetes.
-
Women who smoke
-
People w/ DM
-
Those who are obese with high dietary fat-intake.
Frage 65
Frage
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage
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aphasia
-
apraxia
-
agnosia
Frage 66
Frage
the name given to a collection of language disorders caused by damage to the brain. loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage. With speech, the messages from the brain to the mouth are disrupted, and the person cannot move his or her lips or tongue
Antworten
-
aphasia
-
apraxia
-
agnosia
Frage 67
Frage
is the inability to process sensory information. Often there is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific
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agnosia
-
apraxia
-
aphasia
Frage 68
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means 'weakness'
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-plegia
-
-paresis
Frage 69
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means paralysis or no movement at all
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-
-plegia
-
-paresis
Frage 70
Frage
Which is not a neuromodulator of pain?
Antworten
-
prostaglandins
-
5-hydroxytryptamine
-
norepinephrine
-
lymphokines
-
heparin
Frage 71
Frage
An individual shows flexion in upper extremities and extension in lower extremities. This is:
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decorticate posturing
-
decerebrate posturing.
-
excitation posturing
-
caloric posturing
Frage 72
Frage
Alzheimer disease:
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-
can be caused by increased cerebral levels of acetylcholine
-
is most prevalent as a late-onset dementia
-
manifests as nerve cell tangles
-
manifests as neuron senile plaques.
-
all of these
Frage 73
Frage
Dystonia is:
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abnormal posture maintained by muscular contractions
-
flexed posture
-
stooped, hyperflexed posture.
-
a spastic gait
Frage 74
Frage
Confusion:
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orientation to person, time, and place
-
slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
-
inability to think clearly
-
vocalization in response to pain stimuli
-
no arousal
Frage 75
Frage
Coma:
Antworten
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orientation to person, time, and place
-
slow vocalization, decreased oculomotor activity
-
inability to think clearly
-
vocalization in response to pain stimuli
-
no arousal
Frage 76
Frage
TIAs are:
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unilateral neurologic deficits that slowly resolve.
-
generalized neurologic deficits that occur a few seconds every hour
-
focal neurologic deficits that develop suddenly, last more than an hour, and clear without evidence of infarction
-
neurologic deficits that slowly evolve or develop.
Frage 77
Frage
Which is a risk factor for the development of CVAs?
Antworten
-
polycythemia vera
-
HTN
-
DM
-
hyperhomocysteinemi
-
all of these
Frage 78
Frage
Which most typically characterizes the victims of a cerebral embolic stroke
Antworten
-
individuals older than 65 years with a history of hypertension
-
individuals with a long history of TIA
-
middle-aged individuals with a history of heart disease
-
individuals with gradually occurring symptoms that then rapidly disappear
Frage 79
Frage
Ruptured aneurysms are most likely in which of the following cerebrovascular accidents.
Antworten
-
TIA
-
thrombotic
-
embolic
-
hemorrhagic
Frage 80
Frage
Pain is a compensatory mechanism to stabalize the environment and maintain homeostasis
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 81
Frage
Not all pain involves tissue injury, release of chemical (inflammatory), mediators, and sensitization of spinal cord neurons
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 82
Frage
The _____ Theory asserts that non-painful input 'closes' the gates to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the CNS.
Antworten
-
Gate Control
-
Specificity of Pain
-
Intensity of Pain
-
Pattern of Pain
Frage 83
Frage
These fibers are associated w/ 'fast' pain
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 84
Frage
These fibers are associated w/ 'slow' pain
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 85
Frage
Nociceptors are free nerve ending in the _____ PNS
Antworten
-
afferent
-
efferent
Frage 86
Frage
_____ are widespread in the superficial layers of the skin, periosteum, arterial walls, and joint surfaces
Antworten
-
nociceptors
-
neurons
-
neuromodulators
-
axons
Frage 87
Frage
_____ are myelinated
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 88
Frage
_____ fibers are associated with mechanical or thermal stimulation (needle stick, knife cut, acute burn) and are transmitted in less than 0.1 seconds
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 89
Frage
associated with acute pain
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 90
Frage
_____ fibers are stimulated by chemicals, mechanically, or thermally. Some examples include aches, throbbing, and nauseous pain
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 91
Frage
_____ fibers transmit signals at a rate of over 1 second
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 92
Frage
Associated w/ chronic pain
Antworten
-
A-delta
-
C
Frage 93
Frage
Neuromodulators are messengers released from a neuron in the _____, or in the periphery that affects groups of neurons or effector cells that have the appropriate receptors.
Antworten
-
CNS
-
PNS
Frage 94
Frage
_____ trigger responsiveness
Antworten
-
nociceptors
-
neurons
-
neuromodulators
-
axons
Frage 95
Frage
Choose the following tissue injury neuromodulators
Antworten
-
prostaglandins
-
bradykinin
-
lymphokines
-
substance P
-
histamine
-
glutamate
-
somatostatin
Frage 96
Frage
Choose the following excitatory neuromodulators
Antworten
-
prostaglandins
-
bradykinin
-
lymphokines
-
substance P
-
histamine
-
glutamate
-
somatostatin
Frage 97
Frage
_____ pain is a protective mechanism against immediate harm. It is the response of excessive adrenergic (sympathetic) activity
Antworten
-
acute
-
chronic
Frage 98
Frage
Somatic, visceral, referred, and neuropathic pain are types of _____ pain
Antworten
-
acute
-
chronic
Frage 99
Frage
pain in the body framework (skin, bones, muscle)
Antworten
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Frage 100
Frage
pain in the organs of the body (chest pain, abdominal pain)
Antworten
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Frage 101
Frage
pain felt in remote areas away from the original point of pain generation
Antworten
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Frage 102
Frage
The disruption of nerves or hypersensitization of nerves.
Antworten
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Frage 103
Frage
_____ pain occurs in ppl w/ DM
Antworten
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Frage 104
Frage
_____ pain may be treated (off-label) w/ tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or antiarrhythmics
Antworten
-
somatic
-
visceral
-
referred
-
neuropathic
Frage 105
Frage
_____ pain lasts as little as a few seconds to as much as 3 months. There is a temporary or minor disruption in normal ADL's and lifestyle
Antworten
-
acute
-
chronic
Frage 106
Frage
_____ pain persists more than 3 months. It imposes severe emotional, physical, economic, and social stresses on pts and their family
Antworten
-
acute
-
chronic
Frage 107
Frage
Acute pain is a very costly health care problem. Is is usually caused from a complex underlying DO
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 108
Frage
_____ pain affect employment, finances, family structure, social relationships
Antworten
-
acute
-
chronic
Frage 109
Frage
Personality changes are apparent with chronic pain
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 110
Frage
Negative health consequences of _____ pain include increased stress, decreased GI motility and appetite, increased blood clotting, delayed healing, decreased immune system, interference with sleep, and hormonal imbalances
Antworten
-
acute
-
chronic
Frage 111
Frage
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves what increases or decreases the pain level
Antworten
-
P-provocative/palliative
-
Q-quality
-
R-region
-
S-severity
-
T-temporal characteristics
Frage 112
Frage
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves a description of what the pain feels like (sharp, dull, hot, stinging, ect)
Antworten
-
P-provocative/palliative
-
Q-quality
-
R-region
-
S-severity
-
T-Temporal characteristics
Frage 113
Frage
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves where the pain is (localized, referred)
Antworten
-
P-provocative/palliative
-
Q-quality
-
R-region
-
S-severity
-
T-temporal charachteristics
Frage 114
Frage
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves rating the pain on a scale of 1-10
Antworten
-
P-provocative/palliative
-
Q-quality
-
R-region
-
S-severity
-
T-temporal characteristics
Frage 115
Frage
In the PQRST approach to pain assessment, which letter/factor involves how long the pain has been present (acute, chronic)
Antworten
-
P-provocative/palliative
-
Q-quality
-
R-region
-
S-severity
-
T-temporal characteristics
Frage 116
Frage
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
Antworten
-
somatic
-
autonomic
Frage 117
Frage
The somatic nervous system regulates _____ motor control
Antworten
-
voluntary
-
involuntary
Frage 118
Frage
The _____ nervous system has motor and sensory pathways regulating the body's internal environment thru involuntary control of organ systems
Antworten
-
somatic
-
autonomic
Frage 119
Frage
The _____ nervous system controls the body's fight or flight response
Antworten
-
sympathetic
-
parasympathetic
Frage 120
Frage
The _____ nervous system conserves the body's energy
Antworten
-
sympathetic
-
parasympathetic
Frage 121
Frage
The _____ pathway is ascending and messages go from the body to the brain
Antworten
-
afferent
-
efferent
Frage 122
Frage
The _____ pathway is descending and messages travel from the brain to the body
Antworten
-
afferent
-
efferent
Frage 123
Frage
_____ neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
Antworten
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Frage 124
Frage
_____ neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to an effector organ
Antworten
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Frage 125
Frage
_____ neurons transmit impulses from neuron to neuron
Antworten
-
sensory
-
motor
-
associational/inter
Frage 126
Frage
A pts pain _____ is the lowest intensity of pain that a person can recognize
Antworten
-
threshold
-
tolerance
Frage 127
Frage
A pt's pain _____ is the greatest intensity of pain that a person can endure
Antworten
-
threshold
-
tolerance
Frage 128
Frage
_____ is a respiratory rate of less than 12 breathes a minute and is associated w/ neurological conditions, electrolyte disturbances, narcotic or barbituate OD, or is seen postanesthesia
Antworten
-
bradypnea
-
tachypnea
-
Biot's respirations
-
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
-
Kussumal respirations
Frage 129
Frage
_____ results in a persistent respiratory rate of more than 20 breathes per minute and is associated with trauma, injury, stress, pain; respiratory, cardiac, or liver disease
Antworten
-
bradypnea
-
tachypnea
-
Biot's respirations
-
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
-
Kussmaul respirations
Frage 130
Frage
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by shallow breathing alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated with neurologic problems, head trauma, brain abscess, and heatstroke
Antworten
-
bradypnea
-
tachypnea
-
Biot's respirations
-
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
-
Kussmaul respirations
Frage 131
Frage
_____ is a cyclic breathing pattern characterized by periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating w/ periods of apnea. They are associated w/ CHF, drug OD, increased intracranial pressure, and impending death
Antworten
-
bradypnea
-
tachypnea
-
Biot's respirations
-
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
-
Kussmaul respirations
Frage 132
Frage
_____ are respirations of increased rate and depth and are associated w/ metabolic acidosis, DKA, and renal failure
Antworten
-
bradypnea
-
tachypnea
-
Biot's respirations
-
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
-
Kummmaul respirations
Frage 133
Frage
Which of the following shows the stages of altered consciousness
Antworten
-
confusion, disorientation, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, coma
-
disorientation, confusion, obtundation, lethargy, coma, stupor
-
confusion, disorientation, stupor, lethargy, obtundation, coma
-
obtundation, disorientation, confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma
Frage 134
Frage
loss of ability to think, impaired judgement and decision making
Antworten
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Frage 135
Frage
beginning loss of consciousness, unable to tell name, place, or time
Antworten
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Frage 136
Frage
limited spontaneous movement or speech; easy arousal w/ normal speech or touch; may or may not be oriented to time, place, and person
Antworten
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargic
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Frage 137
Frage
mild to moderate reduction in arousal w/ limited response to environment; fall asleep unless stimulated verbally or tactilely; answer questions w/ minimal responses
Antworten
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Frage 138
Frage
condition of deep sleep or unresponsiveness; opens eyes only w/ vigorous and repeated stimulation
Antworten
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Frage 139
Frage
no verbal response to external environment or to any stimuli
Antworten
-
confusion
-
disorientation
-
lethargy
-
obtundation
-
stupor
-
coma
Frage 140
Frage
_____ posturing include flexing and the arms are like 'C's' and move in toward the spinal cord
Antworten
-
decorticate
-
decerebrate
Frage 141
Frage
_____ posturing involves extension and the arms are like 'e's'
Antworten
-
decorticate
-
decerebrate
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