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http://sciencenotes.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/PeriodicTableMuted.png
What are valence electrons?
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Electrons in the outermost shell
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Electrons closest to the nucleus
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Electrons that are exchanged with other atoms to form bonds
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Electrons that have a negative charge
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Electrons that repel from positive protons
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What does the number 18.998 represent?
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An [blank_start]ion[blank_end] is when there is an atom with more or less electrons that the usual. Usually, in a stable atom, there are the same number of protons as electrons.
[blank_start]Cation[blank_end] - more protons, less electrons >> [blank_start]positive[blank_end]
[blank_start]Anion[blank_end] - less protons, more electrons >> [blank_start]negative[blank_end]
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ion
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Cation
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Anion
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positive
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negative
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Ionic Bonds - [blank_start]Metal[blank_end] (loses electrons) and [blank_start]Nonmetal[blank_end] (gains electrons)
Covalent Bonds - 2 [blank_start]nonmetal[blank_end] atoms
Polar Covalent Bond - 2 [blank_start]different[blank_end] atoms, [blank_start]Unequal[blank_end] Sharing
Non Polar Covalent Bond - 2 [blank_start]same[blank_end] atoms, [blank_start]Equal[blank_end] Sharing
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Metal
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Nonmetal
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different
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Unequal
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Equal
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nonmetal
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same
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It might be helpful to copy this table on to a piece of paper and fill it out.
All isotopes will be written in this format >> (Element)-(Number)
A - [blank_start]Pb[blank_end]
B - [blank_start]207[blank_end]
C - [blank_start]82[blank_end]
D - [blank_start]125[blank_end]
E - [blank_start]82[blank_end]
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F - [blank_start]Copper-35[blank_end]
G - [blank_start]84[blank_end]
H - [blank_start]29[blank_end]
I - [blank_start]29[blank_end]
J - [blank_start]35[blank_end]
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K - [blank_start]Sodium-11[blank_end]
L - [blank_start]Na[blank_end]
M - [blank_start]23[blank_end]
N - [blank_start]11[blank_end]
O - [blank_start]11[blank_end]
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P - [blank_start]Fe[blank_end]
Q - [blank_start]26[blank_end]
R - [blank_start]26[blank_end]
S - [blank_start]30[blank_end]
T - [blank_start]26[blank_end]
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U - [blank_start]Uranium-146[blank_end]
V - [blank_start]U[blank_end]
W - [blank_start]238[blank_end]
X - [blank_start]92[blank_end]
Y - [blank_start]146[blank_end]
Z - [blank_start]92[blank_end]
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Uranium-238
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U
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238
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92
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146
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92
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It might be helpful to copy this table on to a piece of paper and fill it out.
Please make sure to put the charge (+/-) before the amount (1,2,3,4...).
A - [blank_start]Co[blank_end]
B - [blank_start]+2[blank_end]
C - [blank_start]27[blank_end]
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D - [blank_start]Tungsten[blank_end]
E - [blank_start]184[blank_end]
F - [blank_start]74[blank_end]
G - [blank_start]110[blank_end]
H - [blank_start]77[blank_end]
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I - [blank_start]Xenon[blank_end]
J - [blank_start]Xe[blank_end]
K - [blank_start]+4[blank_end]
L - [blank_start]77[blank_end]
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M - [blank_start]15[blank_end]
N - [blank_start]31[blank_end]
O - [blank_start]15[blank_end]
P - [blank_start]16[blank_end]
Q - [blank_start]13[blank_end]
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R - [blank_start]Arsenic[blank_end]
S - [blank_start]As[blank_end]
T - [blank_start]-2[blank_end]
U -[blank_start]33[blank_end]
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Describe each bond as ionic, polar covalent, or non polar covalent.
H2O - [blank_start]Polar Covalent[blank_end]
HF - [blank_start]Polar Covalent[blank_end]
NaCl - [blank_start]Ionic[blank_end]
O2 - [blank_start]Non Polar Covalent[blank_end]
LiBr - [blank_start]Ionic[blank_end]
CuO - [blank_start]Ionic[blank_end]
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Polar Covalent
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Non Polar Covalent
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Ionic
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Polar Covalent
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Non Polar Covalent
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Ionic
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Ionic
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Polar Covalent
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Non Polar Covalent
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Non Polar Covalent
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Polar Covalent
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Ionic
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Ionic
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Non Polar Covalent
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Polar Covalent
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Ionic
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Non Polar Covalent
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Polar Covalent
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The goal of atoms (with a few exceptions is to have 8 electrons in their outermost energy shell. This is called the [blank_start]Octet[blank_end] [blank_start]Rule[blank_end].
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Polar Covalent substances interact with [blank_start]Polar[blank_end] Covalent substances.
Non Polar Covalent substances interact with [blank_start]Non Polar[blank_end] Covalent.
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Polar
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Non Polar
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Non Polar
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Polar
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Which of these is true?
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Hydrophobic - Dislikes Water
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Hydrophobic - Water
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Hydrophilic - Dislikes Water
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Hydrophilic - Likes Water