Chemistry Review

Question

What percentage of the glomeruli in both kidneys must be nonfunctional before serum chemistry changes indicate renal disease?

Answer 1

SGTP (ALT)

Answer 2

Creatinine

Answer 3

Hydration level

Answer 4

Amylase concentration

Answer 5

Liver disease

Answer 6

Insulin production

Answer 7

Amount of carbohydrates ingested

Answer 8

Amount of protein ingested

Answer 9

Insufficient insulin

Answer 10

Insufficient production

Answer 11

Chronic liver disease

Answer 12

Carnivorous diet

Answer 13

Gastroenteritis

Answer 14

Vegetarian diet

Answer 15

Total plasma albumin

Answer 16

Total plasma protein

Answer 17

Total serum protein

Answer 18

Total serum globulin

Answer 19

Creatinine

Answer 20

Creatinine

Answer 21

Suspected sufficient ADH

Answer 22

Dehydration

Answer 23

Suspected tubular malfunction

Answer 24

Starches and glycogen

Answer 25

Fats and carbohydrates

Answer 26

Fats and starches

Answer 27

Protein and amino acids

Answer 28

Either hepatic or post hepatic failure

Answer 29

Either hepatic or biliary failure

Answer 30

Either pre-hepatic or post hepatic failure

Answer 31

Either hepatic or pre-hepatic failure

Answer 32

Bile acids

Answer 33

Bicarbonate

Answer 34

Ion-specific electrodes

Answer 35

Refractometry

Answer 36

Adsorption

Answer 37

Enzymatic digestion

Answer 38

To break apart into equal parts

Answer 39

To precipitate

Answer 40

To become pigmented

Answer 41

To join together

Answer 42

Phosphorus

Answer 43

Bile acids

Answer 44

Total protein

Answer 45

Creatinine

Answer 46

Cholesterol

Answer 47

Total protein

Answer 48

Creatine kinase

Answer 49

Show an initial peak then diminish to normal

Answer 50

Remain high throughout the entire test

Answer 51

Show a delayed peak at the end of the testing period

Answer 52

Show below normal levels throughout the entire test

Answer 53

Unaffected

Answer 54

Carbohydrates

Answer 55

Total protein from fibrinogen

Answer 56

Heated total protein value from unheated total protein value

Answer 57

Albumin from serum total protein

Answer 58

Alpha globulins from beta globulins

Answer 59

Bicarbonate

Answer 60

Suspected pancreatitis

Answer 61

Suspected liver disease

Answer 62

Lost fluids

Answer 63

Broken bones

Answer 64

Heart disease

Answer 65

Pancreatitis

Answer 66

Hypothyroidism

Answer 67

Liver disease

Answer 68

Phosphorus

Answer 69

Phosphorus

Answer 70

Are established by each veterinary clinic

Answer 71

Includes values from diseases and normal animals

Answer 72

Come with an analyzer and is established by the company

Answer 73

Are helpful to refer to but not necessary

Answer 74

Ignore the result - it is a sporatic result

Answer 75

Call technical representative from the company

Answer 76

Repeat the test using the same reagent

Answer 77

Repeat the test using a new reagent

Answer 78

Not used anymore

Answer 79

Used in the same way as control sera

Answer 80

Used by the manufacturer

Answer 81

Used routinely at the veterinary clinic

Answer 82

Calibration standard values

Answer 83

Reference ranges

Answer 84

Control values

Answer 85

Positive values

Answer 86

Feces for a fecal float test

Answer 87

Whole blood for chemistry testing

Answer 88

Serum for chemistry testing

Answer 89

Whole blood for a CBC

Answer 90

Invert the tube several times then respin it

Answer 91

Assume patient is dehydrated and draw off all the serum you can

Answer 92

Spin tube again at a faster speed and longer time

Answer 93

Rim/ring the clot and spin again at normal speed and time

Answer 94

Physiologic saline

Answer 95

5% dextrose

Answer 96

Sterile water

Answer 97

Hypogammaglobulinemic

Answer 98

Hypergammaglobulinemic

Answer 99

Hypobetaglobulinemic

Answer 100

Hyperbetaglobulinemic

Answer 101

Hematology

Answer 102

Blood gases

Answer 103

Blood chemistry

Answer 104

Organ function tests

Answer 105

Leukocyte count

Answer 106

Packed cell volume

Answer 107

Differential count

Answer 108

Hemoglobin

Answer 109

Coagulation and separation

Answer 110

Dilution and concentration

Answer 111

Hemolysis and lipemia

Answer 112

EDTA and heparin

Answer 113

It is an indicator of the glomerular filtration rate

Answer 114

It is produced as a result of normal muscle metabolism

Answer 115

It is a less reliable indicator of renal function than BUN

Answer 116

It is usually evaluated in conjunction with BUN and urine specific gravity

Answer 117

Endogenous ACTH

Answer 118

Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test

Answer 119

ACTH stimulation

Answer 120

Cortisol/creatinine ratio

Answer 121

Activators

Answer 122

Substrates

Answer 123

BUN and creatinine

Answer 124

Cholestatic enzymes

Answer 125

Hepatocellular leakage enzymes

Answer 126

Total protein and albumin

Answer 127

2.09 g/dL, 1.67

Answer 128

3.8 g/dL, 0.92

Answer 129

10.8 g/dL, 1.09

Answer 130

14.6 g/dL, 1.35

Answer 131

Steatorrhea

Answer 132

Draw a blood sample on a fasting animal

Answer 133

Draw a blood sample on an animal right after it eats a meal

Answer 134

Draw blood sample on fasting animal and draw another sample 2 hours later

Answer 135

Draw blood on fasting animal, feed animal, draw blood again 2 hours later

Answer 136

New methylene blue

Answer 137

Lugol iodine

Answer 138

Gentian violet

Answer 139

Ammonia assay

Answer 140

Bile acids

Answer 141

Alanine transaminase

Answer 142

Maintain proper osmotic pressure of fluids in the body

Answer 143

Maintain normal muscular function

Answer 144

Maintain normal cardiac rhythm and contractility

Answer 145

Maintain balanced body pH levels

Answer 146

In the freezer

Answer 147

At room tempreature

Answer 148

In the refrigerator

Answer 149

In the incubator

Answer 150

Electrolytes

Answer 151

Bilirubinemia

Answer 152

Hypernatremia

Answer 153

Hyperkalemia

Answer 154

Increase in BUN resulting from severe renal disease

Answer 155

Increase in BUN resulting from dehydration, shock, decreased blood flow to kidneys

Answer 156

Decrease in BUN resulting from severe renal disease

Answer 157

Increase in BUN resulting from inability to urinate

Answer 158

Increase in BUN resulting from severe renal disease

Answer 159

Increase in BUN resulting from inability to urinate

Answer 160

Decrease in BUN resulting from severe renal disesae

Answer 161

Increase in BUN resulting from dehydration

Answer 162

Cushings disease

Answer 163

Hypothyroidism

Answer 164

Addisons disease

Answer 165

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 166

One hundred

Answer 167

Postprandial serum

Answer 168

Icteric serum

Answer 169

Fasting serum

Answer 170

Hemolyzed serum

Answer 171

Hemolyzed serum can falsely elevated some results

Answer 172

Hemolyzed serum can falsely decrease some results

Answer 173

Hemolyzed serum is corrected by adding saline

Answer 174

Hemolyzed serum is corrected by adding sterile water

Answer 175

Bile salts in urine

Answer 176

Bilirubinuria

Answer 177

Proteinuria

Answer 178

90% water and 10% dissolved substances

Answer 179

80% water and 20% dissolved substances

Answer 180

70% water and 30% dissolved substances

Answer 181

60% water and 40% dissolved substances

Answer 182

Increased SG and increased PCV

Answer 183

Increased SG and decreased PCV

Answer 184

Decreased SG and decreased PCV

Answer 185

Decreased SG and increased PCV

Answer 186

Insufficient insulin

Answer 187

Serum remaining on RBC too long

Answer 188

Cushing disease

Answer 189

Heavy lactation after giving birth

Answer 190

Acceptable if they are microscopic

Answer 191

Acceptable if detected on a wooden stick only

Answer 192

Acceptable if ran through automatic analyzer

Answer 193

Never acceptable

Answer 194

Bile acids

Answer 195

Creatinine phosphokinase

Answer 196

Alanine transaminase

Answer 197

Fecal amylase

Answer 198

Fecal trypsin

Answer 199

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 200

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 201

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 202

Hypoadrenocorticism

Answer 203

Increased serum glucose

Answer 204

Increased serum phosphorus

Answer 205

Increased serum enzyme activity

Answer 206

Increased serum sodium

Answer 207

The more light will pass through the solution

Answer 208

The less light that will pass through the solution

Answer 209

The amount of light passing through solution remains unchanged

Answer 210

The more the amount of light passing through the solution will fluctuate

Answer 211

Label all the samples

Answer 212

Include all test request papers and case history

Answer 213

Mail samples out on Sunday

Answer 214

Pack the sample so that if break occurs, not leaks will happen

Answer 215

Centrifuge the sample, separate the serum, then freeze it

Answer 216

Place the sample in the frefrigerator

Answer 217

Place the sample in the freezer

Answer 218

Centrifuge the sample, separate the serum, refrigerate it

Answer 219

In vita testing

Answer 220

In viva testing

Answer 221

In vivo testing

Answer 222

In vitro testing

Answer 223

Biochemical testing

Answer 224

Quality-control assurance

Answer 225

A complete blood count

Answer 226

Prognostic evaluation

Answer 227

Sodium or lithium heparin

Answer 228

Sodium or lithium oxalate

Answer 229

Sodium fluoride

Answer 230

Sodium or lithium heparin

Answer 231

Sodium or lithium oxalate

Answer 232

Sodium fluoride

Answer 233

Whole blood

Answer 234

50 microliters

Answer 235

100 microliters

Answer 236

10 microliters

Answer 237

500 microliters

Answer 238

Lyophilized and reconstituted before analysis

Answer 239

Refrigerated and warmed to room temperature before analysis

Answer 240

Placed in 37 degrees Celsius water bath and brought to room temperature before analysis

Answer 241

Left at room temperature until analyzed

Answer 242

4 to 7 hours

Answer 243

4 to 7 days

Answer 244

4 to 7 weeks

Answer 245

4 to 7 months

Answer 246

4 to 7 hours

Answer 247

4 to 7 days

Answer 248

4 to 7 weeks

Answer 249

4 to 7 months

Answer 250

4 to 7 hours

Answer 251

4 to 7 days

Answer 252

4 to 7 weeks

Answer 253

4 to 7 months

Answer 254

Refrigerated

Answer 255

Prolonged contact with red blood cells before separating the serum

Answer 256

Refrigerating the serum sample before analysis

Answer 257

Freezing the serum sample before analysis

Answer 258

A lipemic sample

Answer 259

Luekocytosis

Answer 260

Leukocytosis

Answer 261

Total bilirubin

Answer 262

Electrolytes

Answer 263

In lyophilized pellets

Answer 264

In liquid solutions

Answer 265

Impregnated on slides, cards, strips

Answer 266

In powdered capsules

Answer 267

Light passing through or absorbed by the final sample

Answer 268

Heat generated by the end product

Answer 269

Light reflected from the slide or card

Answer 270

Volume, temperature, pH of the final sample

Answer 271

Light passing through or absorbed by the final sample

Answer 272

Light reflected from the slide or card

Answer 273

Heat generated by the end product

Answer 274

Volume, temperature, pH of final sample

Answer 275

Standard solutions

Answer 276

Quality-control sera

Answer 277

Pooled samples

Answer 278

A reference manual

Answer 279

Lyophilized

Answer 280

Can be used just once a month to assure analyzer reliablity

Answer 281

Used when patient values are abnormal

Answer 282

Separated into aliquots, frozen, thawed for later use

Answer 283

Can be tightly capped and kept in refrigerator for up to one month

Answer 284

Inconsistent or poor technique

Answer 285

Equipment malfunction

Answer 286

Reagent contamination or degeneration

Answer 287

Random sampling errors

Answer 288

Graduated flask

Answer 289

Graduated cylinder

Answer 290

Reference range

Answer 291

Biochemical profile

Answer 292

Standard curve

Answer 293

Quality control

Answer 294

Thermocouple

Answer 295

Progressive

Answer 296

Isoenzymes

Answer 297

Activators

Answer 298

Inside cells

Answer 299

Outside cells

Answer 300

In the blood

Answer 301

In the urine

Answer 302

Temperature of reaction

Answer 303

Time of reaction

Answer 304

Sample volume

Answer 305

Final color change of the sample

Answer 306

Hematology analyzers

Answer 307

Chemistry analyzers

Answer 308

Coagulation analyzers

Answer 309

Electrolyte analyzers

Answer 310

Prothrombin time

Answer 311

Blood gases

Answer 312

Blood chemistry

Answer 313

Electrolytes

Answer 314

Hematology parameters

Answer 315

Blood gases

Answer 316

Blood chemistry

Answer 317

Aspartate aminotransferase

Answer 318

Alanine transaminase

Answer 319

Urea nitrogen

Answer 320

Asparate aminotransferase

Answer 321

Alanine transaminase

Answer 322

Urea nitrogen

Answer 323

Electromagnetic fluctuation

Answer 324

Scanning electron microscopy

Answer 325

Ion selective electrode

Answer 326

Immunoelectrophoresis

Answer 327

Alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase

Answer 328

Electrolytes and blood urea nitrogen

Answer 329

Gamma-glytamyl transferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase

Answer 330

Amylase and lipase

Answer 331

Alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase

Answer 332

Electrolytes and blood urea nitrogen

Answer 333

Gamma-glytamyl transferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase

Answer 334

Amylase and lipase

Answer 335

Adrenal glands

Answer 336

Hepatocellular damage

Answer 337

Bile duct injury or obstruction

Answer 338

Hemolytic disorders

Answer 339

Acute pancreatitis

Answer 340

Bile ducts

Answer 341

Amylase and lipase

Answer 342

Lipase and trypsin

Answer 343

Amylase and trypsin

Answer 344

Amylase, lipase, trypsin

Answer 345

Bicarbonate

Answer 346

Bicarbonate

Answer 347

Bicarbonate

Answer 348

Alpha globulins to gamma globulins

Answer 349

Albumin to globulin

Answer 350

Ammonia to glucose

Answer 351

Aspartate aminotransferase to gamma-glutamyl transferase

Answer 352

Urea nitrogen

Answer 353

Creatinine

Answer 354

Alanine transaminase

Answer 355

Aspartate aminotransferase

Answer 356

Hypernaturia

Answer 357

Hypernatremia

Answer 358

Calcium and phosphorus

Answer 359

Urea nitrogen and creatinine

Answer 360

Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase

Answer 361

Sodium and potassium

Answer 362

Thyroid gland

Answer 363

Adrenal glands

Answer 364

Adrenal glands

Answer 365

Thyroid glands

Answer 366

Thyroid gland

Answer 367

Pituitary gland

Answer 368

Thyroid gland

Answer 369

Pituitary gland

Answer 370

Adrenal glands

Answer 371

Thyroid gland

Answer 372

Adrenal glands

Answer 373

Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase

Answer 374

Urea nitrogen and creatinine

Answer 375

Ammonia and pyruvic acid

Answer 376

Bilirubin and urobilinogen

Answer 377

Phosphorus

Answer 378

Creatinine

Answer 379

Aspartate aminotransferase

Answer 380

Urea nitrogen

Answer 381

Adrenal glands

Answer 382

Below 1.006

Answer 383

Above 1.065

Answer 384

Slightly higher

Answer 385

Moderately higher

Answer 386

Much higher

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Chemistry Review

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