6761425
Frage 1
Frage
What is the best description of an infectious agent?
Antworten
-
An organism that can replicate inside the host and cause a host reaction to its products
-
An organism which lives in co-existence with the host
-
An organism which is immunogenic
Frage 2
Frage
Advantages of infecting a host to a pathogen are:
P[blank_start]rotection[blank_end]
[blank_start]Nutrient[blank_end] provision
Travel
Disadvantages are:
Host driven [blank_start]choices[blank_end]
[blank_start]Defence[blank_end] mechanisms encountered
Antworten
-
Nutrient
-
rotection
-
choices
-
Defence
Frage 3
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 4
Frage
The response of the innate immune system is the same every time
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 5
Frage
The first encounter of the adaptive immune system is very rapid.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 6
Frage
The innate immune system has a memory property.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 7
Frage
What are some physical barriers of the innate immune system?
Antworten
-
Lysozyme
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Ciliated epithelia
-
Epidermis
Frage 8
Frage
Which of these options summarises lysozymes action?
Antworten
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Frage 9
Frage
Which of these options summarises lactoperoxidase's action?
Antworten
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Frage 10
Frage
Which of these options summarises lactoferrin's action?
Antworten
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Frage 11
Frage
Which of these options summarises calprotectin's action?
Antworten
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Frage 12
Frage
Which of these options summarises defensin action?
Antworten
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Frage 13
Frage
Which of these options summarises histatin action?
Antworten
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Chelates iron, preventing growth and oxidation
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Induce pore formation
Frage 14
Frage
Which is a function of mucins?
Antworten
-
Glycoproteins which lubricate and hydrate the mucosal surfaces. This traps and prevents admission of bacteria to the mucosa.
-
Bind to bacterial adhesins causing bacterial clumping for removal
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
Frage 15
Frage
Which is a function of salivary agglutinin?
Antworten
-
Glycoproteins which lubricate and hydrate the mucosal surfaces. This traps and prevents admission of bacteria to the mucosa.
-
Bind to bacterial adhesins causing bacterial clumping for removal
-
Chelates Ca2+ and Zn2+
-
Generates hypothiocyanite anion which inhibits glucose transport by oxidation
-
Cleaves the NAG-NAM carbohydrates in Gram positive bacterial cell walls
Frage 16
Frage
Defensins are...
Antworten
-
Serine proteases
-
Cationic peptides
-
Cysteine deaminases
Frage 17
Frage
What feature of defensins allows them to become inserted in the lipid bilayer?
Antworten
-
They are amphipathic
-
They are cationic peptides
-
They have cysteine rich regions in their amino acid sequence
Frage 18
Frage
Defensins, cathelicidins and histatins are antimicrobial peptides all secreted by...
Antworten
-
Epithelial cells
-
Phagocytes
-
Epithelial cells and Phagocytes
Frage 19
Frage
What does NAG mean in the context of lysozyme?
Antworten
-
N-acetylglucosamine
-
N-acetylmuramic acid
-
Non agglutinating glycoprotein
-
N-acetylcysteine
Frage 20
Frage
What does NAM mean in the context of lysozyme?
Antworten
-
N-acetylglucosamine
-
N-acetylmuramic acid
-
Non agglutinating glycoprotein
-
N-acetylcysteine
Frage 21
Frage
What linkage is cleaved between NAG-NAM carbohydrates by Lysozyme?
Antworten
-
B-1,4
-
A-1,6
-
B-1,2
Frage 22
Frage
Lysozyme is more effective against gram negative bacteria since they do not have a layer of LPS covering the peptidoglycan NAG-NAM carbohydrates in their cell wall structure
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
Frage
Histatins are produced by
Antworten
-
Epithelial cells and Phagocytes
-
The major salivary glands
-
Dendritic and Natural killer cells
Frage 24
Frage
Histatins are predominantly active against
Antworten
-
Fungi
-
Viruses
-
Bacteria
Frage 25
Frage
Histatins are particularly rich in...
Antworten
-
Histadine
-
Cysteine
-
Serine
-
Defensins
Frage 26
Frage
Calprotectin depletes iron availability.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 27
Frage
Lactoferrin produces hypothiocyanite which oxidises glucose transport carriers therefore reducing bacterial glucose uptake
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 28
Frage
Chromogranin A and Thrombospondin 1 give rise to cationic peptides. They interact better with plant/animal cells than bacterial surfaces.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
Frage
Cystatins are
Antworten
-
Cysteine protease inhibitors
-
Cysteine protease
-
Serine protease inhibitor
Frage 30
Frage
What is gingipains?
Antworten
-
Cysteine protease
-
Cysteine protease inhibitor
-
Serine protease
Frage 31
Frage
SLP1 is a
Antworten
-
Serine protease inhibitor (inhibit neutrophil elastase)
-
Serine protease (cleave neutrophil elastase)
-
Cysteine protease (cleave neutrophil granules)
Frage 32
Frage
Cystatins and Von Ebner's protein are both cysteine protease inhibitors
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 33
Frage
Cystatins, Von Ebners protein and SLP1 are all cysteine protease inhibitors
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 34
Frage
Which scavenges peroxidation products?
Antworten
-
Von Ebners protein
-
SLP1
-
Cystatins
Frage 35
Frage
Toll like receptors react to...
Antworten
-
PAMPs
-
DAMPs
-
Antigens
Frage 36
Frage
NOD-like receptors detect intracellular virus RNA
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 37
Frage
NOD-like receptors detect intracellular pathogen peptidoglycan
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 38
Frage
NOD-like receptors detect intracellular pathogen p[blank_start]eptidoglycan[blank_end]
Antworten
-
eptidoglycan
Frage 39
Frage
RIG-1 like helicase detect intracellular [blank_start]virus[blank_end] R[blank_start]NA[blank_end]
Antworten
-
virus
-
NA
Frage 40
Frage
NLRP family of proteins are nod like receptors with pyrin associated with them
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 41
Frage
The inflammasome is important in cleaving cytokines and contributes to their short half life
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 42
Frage
NLRP3 is the only NLRP protein to form inflammasomes
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 43
Frage
What are the components of the typical inflammasome?
Antworten
-
Caspase 1
-
NLRP3
-
Adaptor protein
-
TLR
Frage 44
Frage
Activation of toll like or nod like receptors results in what?
Antworten
-
Transcription factor activation and subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production
-
Inflammasome cleavage of pro-cytokines
-
Exocytosis of active pro-inflammatory cytokines
Frage 45
Frage
Which of these are serum proteins?
Antworten
-
Acute phase proteins
-
Complement
-
Interferons
-
Cytokines
-
Chemokines
Frage 46
Frage
Which of these are tissue factors?
Antworten
-
Cytokines
-
Chemokines
-
Interferons
-
Complement
-
Acute phase proteins
Frage 47
Frage
Acute phase proteins are produced by the
Antworten
-
Liver
-
Spleen
-
MALT
-
Peyer's patches
Frage 48
Frage
C reactive protein is a [blank_start]pentameric[blank_end] protein made by h[blank_start]epatocytes[blank_end]
Antworten
-
pentameric
-
epatocytes
Frage 49
Frage
C reactive protein activates...
Antworten
-
Complement cascade
-
Promotes phagocytosis
-
IL-10 to suppress inflammation
Frage 50
Frage
CRP is said to act like a primitive antibody since it activates complement and induces more phagocytosis
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 51
Frage
Interferons are proteins
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 52
Frage
Type 1 interferons are...
Antworten
-
Alpha
-
Beta
-
Gamma
Frage 53
Frage
Type 2 interferons are...
Antworten
-
Gamma
-
Alpha
-
Beta
Frage 54
Frage
How do interferons function?
Antworten
-
Prevent viral replication
-
Increase display of viral particles to the immune system
-
Promoting phagocytosis
Möchten Sie mit GoConqr kostenlos Ihre eigenen Quiz erstellen? eigenen Mehr erfahren.