Evolutionary Processes Leading to Speciation 91605

Beschreibung

NCEA Level 3 Biology
R Hooks
Quiz von R Hooks, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
R Hooks
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

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Natural [blank_start]selection[blank_end] is a process in which [blank_start]individuals[blank_end] with certain [blank_start]traits[blank_end] have a [blank_start]greater[blank_end] chance at [blank_start]surviving[blank_end] and producing offspring, than individuals [blank_start]without[blank_end] these traits.
Antworten
  • selection
  • individuals
  • species
  • environment
  • traits
  • genes
  • greater
  • without
  • surviving

Frage 2

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non-[blank_start]disjunction[blank_end] is an error in cell [blank_start]division[blank_end] in which members of a pair of [blank_start]homologous[blank_end] [blank_start]chromosomes[blank_end], or sister chromatids, fail to [blank_start]separate[blank_end]
Antworten
  • disjunction
  • division
  • homologous
  • chromosomes
  • separate

Frage 3

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When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population/species it is called [blank_start]polymorphism[blank_end]
Antworten
  • polymorphism

Frage 4

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gene flow
Antworten
  • the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another
  • all the alleles present in a population
  • the transfer of genes in a population

Frage 5

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All the alleles of a gene present in a population is called the gene sample
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

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The change in the [blank_start]frequency[blank_end] of an [blank_start]allele[blank_end] in a p[blank_start]opulation[blank_end] due to [blank_start]random[blank_end] sampling is called genetic [blank_start]drift[blank_end]
Antworten
  • drift
  • random
  • frequency
  • allele
  • opulation

Frage 7

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tetraploid refers to [blank_start]cells[blank_end] with [blank_start]four[blank_end] [blank_start]copies[blank_end] of [blank_start]each[blank_end] [blank_start]chromosome[blank_end]
Antworten
  • cells
  • four
  • copies
  • chromosome
  • each

Frage 8

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triploid refers to [blank_start]cells[blank_end] with [blank_start]three[blank_end] [blank_start]copies[blank_end] of each [blank_start]chromosome[blank_end]
Antworten
  • cells
  • three
  • copies
  • chromosome

Frage 9

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pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers
Antworten
  • prevent fertilisation
  • prevent the development of the fertilised egg cell
  • prevent abnormal developments in the zygote
  • prevent a second egg from being fertilised

Frage 10

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[blank_start]polyploidy[blank_end] refers to cells with more than two copies of each [blank_start]chromosome[blank_end]
Antworten
  • polyploidy
  • chromosome

Frage 11

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recombinant organisms contain a different combination of alleles from wither of its parents
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 12

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stabilising selection is a type of [blank_start]natural[blank_end] selection where the two extremes of a trait are selected [blank_start]against[blank_end]
Antworten
  • natural
  • artificial
  • against
  • for

Frage 13

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subspecies can interbreed with other members of the spcies
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 14

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The process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while living in the same geographic region
Antworten
  • sympatric speciation
  • adaptive radiation
  • allopatric speciation
  • parallel evolution
  • divergent evolution

Frage 15

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The type of [blank_start]natural[blank_end] selection where one of the two extremes of a trait is selected for/favoured = [blank_start]directional[blank_end] selection
Antworten
  • directional
  • natural

Frage 16

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Label the types of natural selection
Antworten
  • Stabilising
  • Directional
  • Disruptive
  • Disruptive
  • Stabilising
  • Directional
  • Disruptive
  • Stabilising
  • Directional

Frage 17

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When individuals leave a population it is called [blank_start]emigration[blank_end]
Antworten
  • emigration

Frage 18

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allele
Antworten
  • version of a gene
  • type of gene
  • phenotype

Frage 19

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[blank_start]allopatric[blank_end] speciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while living in different geographic regions
Antworten
  • allopatric

Frage 20

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[blank_start]allopolyploidy[blank_end] refers to cells with two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species
Antworten
  • allopolyploidy

Frage 21

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[blank_start]autopolyploidy[blank_end] refers to cells with two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from the same species
Antworten
  • autopolyploidy

Frage 22

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Bottleneck
Antworten
  • The result of a sudden even where a significant proportion of individuals in a population/species are killed or not reproducing
  • A gradual change in a characteristic or feature across the geographic range of a species or population

Frage 23

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A gradual change in a characteristic or feature across the geographic range of a species or population
Antworten
  • cline
  • allopatric speciation
  • sympatric speciation
  • deme

Frage 24

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crossing over refers to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 25

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A [blank_start]deme[blank_end] is a [blank_start]local[blank_end] population consisting of closely related plants, animals, or people, typically breeding mainly [blank_start]within[blank_end] the group. It has no, or limited [blank_start]gene flow[blank_end] but can interbreed with another population and therefore they share the same [blank_start]gene pool[blank_end]. They mostly [blank_start]don't[blank_end] interbreed. An example of this is Dutch Pennsylvania.
Antworten
  • deme
  • local
  • gene flow
  • within
  • gene pool
  • don't
  • can't

Frage 26

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A diploid cell has two copies of each chromosome
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

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[blank_start]adaptive[blank_end] [blank_start]radiation[blank_end] is the [blank_start]rapid[blank_end] evolution of an ancestral (single) species into several lineages, each with their own unique adaptations
Antworten
  • adaptive
  • radiation
  • rapid

Frage 28

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analogous structures
Antworten
  • structures that are similar in function and appearance but do not share a common ancestry
  • structures that are different in function and appearance but have the same embryological origin

Frage 29

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Structures that, while having the same embryological origin, carry out different functions in the adult
Antworten
  • homologous structures
  • analogous structures

Frage 30

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A fossil is [blank_start]preserved[blank_end] [blank_start]remains[blank_end] or [blank_start]traces[blank_end] of past [blank_start]life[blank_end] [blank_start]forms[blank_end]
Antworten
  • preserved
  • remains
  • traces
  • life
  • forms

Frage 31

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The evolution of a species in a gradual, slow, constant and consistent manner is called ...
Antworten
  • gradualism

Frage 32

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[blank_start]Adaptive[blank_end] [blank_start]radiation[blank_end] refers to the [blank_start]rapid[blank_end] evolution of an [blank_start]ancestral[blank_end] (single) species into several lineages, each with their own [blank_start]unique[blank_end] [blank_start]adaptations[blank_end]
Antworten
  • Adaptive
  • radiation
  • rapid
  • gradual
  • divergence
  • ancestral
  • unique
  • adaptations

Frage 33

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A species from which a number of new species are descended is called an [blank_start]ancestral[blank_end] [blank_start]species[blank_end]
Antworten
  • ancestral
  • species

Frage 34

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A diagram to show an organisms evolutionary history is called a
Antworten
  • cladogram

Frage 35

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the degree of variation of life forms within an ecosystem or the entire planet is [blank_start]biodiversity[blank_end]
Antworten
  • biodiversity

Frage 36

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biogeography refers only to the study of the distribution of species in geographic space
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 37

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Refers to the changes in allele frequencies that take place within a population, tending to cover a period of time such as about 100 years
Antworten
  • micro-evolution
  • macro-evolution

Frage 38

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Macro-evolution
Antworten
  • Refers to the changes in allele frequencies that take place within a population, tending to cover a period of time such as about 100 years
  • Refers to the changes that happen at or above the species level. Evolution on a larger time scale, such as thousands or even millions of years

Frage 39

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The development of a similar trait in related but distinct species descending from the same ancestor
Antworten
  • parallel evolution
  • divergent evolution
  • convergent evolution

Frage 40

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[blank_start]ploidy[blank_end] refers to the number of [blank_start]chromosomes[blank_end] in a cell
Antworten
  • ploidy
  • chromosomes

Frage 41

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[blank_start]resources[blank_end] are features of the [blank_start]environment[blank_end] which [blank_start]benefit[blank_end] a species, such as food or shelter
Antworten
  • resources
  • environment
  • benefit

Frage 42

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Punctuated equilibrium refers to the evolution of a species where ...
Antworten
  • change appears suddenly
  • change appears slowly
  • there are long periods in without change
  • there are short periods without change
  • there is a sudden observable change
  • there is a slow observable change

Frage 43

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The process of two or more related species becoming more and more different is called divergent evolution.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 44

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The process of two or more related species becoming more and more different is called convergent evolution.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

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The development of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages is called convergent evolution
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

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Label the types of evolution
Antworten
  • divergent evolution
  • Convergent evolution
  • Parallel evolution

Frage 47

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species only found in a narrowly defined region, such as an island country are called [blank_start]endemic[blank_end]
Antworten
  • endemic

Frage 48

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The process of bringing together two DNA strands is called [blank_start]DNA hybridisation[blank_end]. The more linking (hybridisation) between the two DNA strands, the [blank_start]more[blank_end] closely related the individuals/species are.
Antworten
  • DNA hybridisation
  • more
  • less

Frage 49

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Co-evolution is not a change in the genetic composition of one species (or group of individuals) in response to a genetic change in another species (or group)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 50

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The direct and indirect methods used to determine the order of past events or age of fossil evidence are called [blank_start]dating[blank_end] methods
Antworten
  • dating

Frage 51

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A [blank_start]ring[blank_end] [blank_start]species[blank_end] is a special type of [blank_start]cline[blank_end] where the two ends of the cline meet forming a ring. Neighbouring populations can interbreed but no interbreeding occurs anymore between individuals where the ring connects.
Antworten
  • species
  • ring
  • cline

Frage 52

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speciation is simply the formation of a new species
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 53

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The definition of a species is a [blank_start]group[blank_end] of [blank_start]organisms[blank_end] that [blank_start]interbreed[blank_end] and [blank_start]produce[blank_end] [blank_start]viable[blank_end] and [blank_start]fertile[blank_end] [blank_start]offspring[blank_end]
Antworten
  • group
  • organisms
  • interbreed
  • produce
  • viable
  • fertile
  • offspring

Frage 54

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When the two versions/alleles of a gene are different it is a [blank_start]heterozygote[blank_end]. When the two versions/alleles of a gene are the same it is a [blank_start]homozygote[blank_end].
Antworten
  • heterozygote
  • homozygote

Frage 55

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offspring from a cross between two different species is a hybrid
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 56

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The proportion of all copies of a gene being of a particular type/version
Antworten
  • allele frequency
  • gene frequency
  • allele distribution
  • gene distribution

Frage 57

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An [blank_start]adaptation[blank_end] is an [blank_start]inherited[blank_end] [blank_start]trait[blank_end] with a current [blank_start]functional[blank_end] [blank_start]role[blank_end] in the life history if an [blank_start]organism[blank_end].
Antworten
  • adaptation
  • inherited
  • trait
  • functional
  • role
  • organism

Frage 58

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Acclimatisation is a [blank_start]gradual[blank_end], reversible [blank_start]response[blank_end] of an organism to a [blank_start]change[blank_end] in its environment
Antworten
  • gradual
  • response
  • change

Frage 59

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gametes are body cells
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 60

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When a [blank_start]new[blank_end] [blank_start]population[blank_end] is established by a [blank_start]very small[blank_end] number of individuals who will carry with them [blank_start]only a small[blank_end] proportion of all the [blank_start]alleles[blank_end] present in the population. The [blank_start]founder effect[blank_end] contributes, therefore, to the [blank_start]loss[blank_end] of [blank_start]genetic variation[blank_end] that follows colonisation.
Antworten
  • new
  • population
  • very small
  • very large
  • only a small
  • a large
  • alleles
  • genes
  • founder effect
  • loss
  • increase
  • genetic variation

Frage 61

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Simple short repeating sequences of up to about 6 DNA base pairs are called [blank_start]microsatellites[blank_end]
Antworten
  • microsatellites

Frage 62

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immigration is when new individuals enter a population
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 63

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Unrepaired change to the sequence of bases in the DNA is
Antworten
  • mutation
  • adaptation
  • evolution
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