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Natural [blank_start]selection[blank_end] is a process in which [blank_start]individuals[blank_end] with certain [blank_start]traits[blank_end] have a [blank_start]greater[blank_end] chance at [blank_start]surviving[blank_end] and producing offspring, than individuals [blank_start]without[blank_end] these traits.
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selection
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individuals
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species
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environment
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traits
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genes
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greater
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without
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surviving
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non-[blank_start]disjunction[blank_end] is an error in cell [blank_start]division[blank_end] in which members of a pair of [blank_start]homologous[blank_end] [blank_start]chromosomes[blank_end], or sister chromatids, fail to [blank_start]separate[blank_end]
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disjunction
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division
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homologous
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chromosomes
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separate
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When two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population/species it is called [blank_start]polymorphism[blank_end]
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polymorphism
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gene flow
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the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another
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all the alleles present in a population
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the transfer of genes in a population
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All the alleles of a gene present in a population is called the gene sample
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- True
- False
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The change in the [blank_start]frequency[blank_end] of an [blank_start]allele[blank_end] in a p[blank_start]opulation[blank_end] due to [blank_start]random[blank_end] sampling is called genetic [blank_start]drift[blank_end]
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drift
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random
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frequency
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allele
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opulation
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tetraploid refers to [blank_start]cells[blank_end] with [blank_start]four[blank_end] [blank_start]copies[blank_end] of [blank_start]each[blank_end] [blank_start]chromosome[blank_end]
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cells
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four
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copies
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chromosome
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each
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triploid refers to [blank_start]cells[blank_end] with [blank_start]three[blank_end] [blank_start]copies[blank_end] of each [blank_start]chromosome[blank_end]
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cells
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three
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copies
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chromosome
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pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers
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prevent fertilisation
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prevent the development of the fertilised egg cell
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prevent abnormal developments in the zygote
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prevent a second egg from being fertilised
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[blank_start]polyploidy[blank_end] refers to cells with more than two copies of each [blank_start]chromosome[blank_end]
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polyploidy
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chromosome
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recombinant organisms contain a different combination of alleles from wither of its parents
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- True
- False
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stabilising selection is a type of [blank_start]natural[blank_end] selection where the two extremes of a trait are selected [blank_start]against[blank_end]
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natural
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artificial
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against
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for
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subspecies can interbreed with other members of the spcies
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- True
- False
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The process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while living in the same geographic region
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sympatric speciation
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adaptive radiation
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allopatric speciation
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parallel evolution
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divergent evolution
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The type of [blank_start]natural[blank_end] selection where one of the two extremes of a trait is selected for/favoured = [blank_start]directional[blank_end] selection
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directional
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natural
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Stabilising
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Directional
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Disruptive
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Disruptive
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Stabilising
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Directional
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Disruptive
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Stabilising
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Directional
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When individuals leave a population it is called [blank_start]emigration[blank_end]
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emigration
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allele
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version of a gene
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type of gene
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phenotype
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[blank_start]allopatric[blank_end] speciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while living in different geographic regions
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allopatric
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[blank_start]allopolyploidy[blank_end] refers to cells with two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species
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allopolyploidy
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[blank_start]autopolyploidy[blank_end] refers to cells with two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from the same species
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autopolyploidy
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Bottleneck
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The result of a sudden even where a significant proportion of individuals in a population/species are killed or not reproducing
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A gradual change in a characteristic or feature across the geographic range of a species or population
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A gradual change in a characteristic or feature across the geographic range of a species or population
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cline
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allopatric speciation
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sympatric speciation
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deme
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crossing over refers to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
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- True
- False
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A [blank_start]deme[blank_end] is a [blank_start]local[blank_end] population consisting of closely related plants, animals, or people, typically breeding mainly [blank_start]within[blank_end] the group. It has no, or limited [blank_start]gene flow[blank_end] but can interbreed with another population and therefore they share the same [blank_start]gene pool[blank_end]. They mostly [blank_start]don't[blank_end] interbreed. An example of this is Dutch Pennsylvania.
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deme
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local
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gene flow
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within
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gene pool
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don't
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can't
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A diploid cell has two copies of each chromosome
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- True
- False
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[blank_start]adaptive[blank_end] [blank_start]radiation[blank_end] is the [blank_start]rapid[blank_end] evolution of an ancestral (single) species into several lineages, each with their own unique adaptations
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adaptive
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radiation
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rapid
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analogous structures
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structures that are similar in function and appearance but do not share a common ancestry
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structures that are different in function and appearance but have the same embryological origin
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Structures that, while having the same embryological origin, carry out different functions in the adult
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homologous structures
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analogous structures
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A fossil is [blank_start]preserved[blank_end] [blank_start]remains[blank_end] or [blank_start]traces[blank_end] of past [blank_start]life[blank_end] [blank_start]forms[blank_end]
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preserved
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remains
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traces
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life
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forms
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The evolution of a species in a gradual, slow, constant and consistent manner is called ...
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gradualism
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[blank_start]Adaptive[blank_end] [blank_start]radiation[blank_end] refers to the [blank_start]rapid[blank_end] evolution of an [blank_start]ancestral[blank_end] (single) species into several lineages, each with their own [blank_start]unique[blank_end] [blank_start]adaptations[blank_end]
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Adaptive
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radiation
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rapid
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gradual
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divergence
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ancestral
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unique
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adaptations
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A species from which a number of new species are descended is called an [blank_start]ancestral[blank_end] [blank_start]species[blank_end]
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ancestral
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species
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A diagram to show an organisms evolutionary history is called a
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cladogram
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the degree of variation of life forms within an ecosystem or the entire planet is [blank_start]biodiversity[blank_end]
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biodiversity
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biogeography refers only to the study of the distribution of species in geographic space
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- True
- False
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Refers to the changes in allele frequencies that take place within a population, tending to cover a period of time such as about 100 years
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micro-evolution
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macro-evolution
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Macro-evolution
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Refers to the changes in allele frequencies that take place within a population, tending to cover a period of time such as about 100 years
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Refers to the changes that happen at or above the species level. Evolution on a larger time scale, such as thousands or even millions of years
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The development of a similar trait in related but distinct species descending from the same ancestor
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parallel evolution
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divergent evolution
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convergent evolution
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[blank_start]ploidy[blank_end] refers to the number of [blank_start]chromosomes[blank_end] in a cell
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ploidy
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chromosomes
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[blank_start]resources[blank_end] are features of the [blank_start]environment[blank_end] which [blank_start]benefit[blank_end] a species, such as food or shelter
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resources
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environment
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benefit
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Punctuated equilibrium refers to the evolution of a species where ...
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change appears suddenly
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change appears slowly
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there are long periods in without change
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there are short periods without change
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there is a sudden observable change
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there is a slow observable change
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The process of two or more related species becoming more and more different is called divergent evolution.
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- True
- False
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The process of two or more related species becoming more and more different is called convergent evolution.
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- True
- False
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The development of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages is called convergent evolution
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- True
- False
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divergent evolution
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Convergent evolution
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Parallel evolution
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species only found in a narrowly defined region, such as an island country are called [blank_start]endemic[blank_end]
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endemic
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The process of bringing together two DNA strands is called [blank_start]DNA hybridisation[blank_end]. The more linking (hybridisation) between the two DNA strands, the [blank_start]more[blank_end] closely related the individuals/species are.
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DNA hybridisation
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more
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less
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Co-evolution is not a change in the genetic composition of one species (or group of individuals) in response to a genetic change in another species (or group)
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- True
- False
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The direct and indirect methods used to determine the order of past events or age of fossil evidence are called [blank_start]dating[blank_end] methods
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dating
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A [blank_start]ring[blank_end] [blank_start]species[blank_end] is a special type of [blank_start]cline[blank_end] where the two ends of the cline meet forming a ring. Neighbouring populations can interbreed but no interbreeding occurs anymore between individuals where the ring connects.
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species
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ring
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cline
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speciation is simply the formation of a new species
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- True
- False
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The definition of a species is a [blank_start]group[blank_end] of [blank_start]organisms[blank_end] that [blank_start]interbreed[blank_end] and [blank_start]produce[blank_end] [blank_start]viable[blank_end] and [blank_start]fertile[blank_end] [blank_start]offspring[blank_end]
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group
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organisms
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interbreed
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produce
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viable
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fertile
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offspring
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When the two versions/alleles of a gene are different it is a [blank_start]heterozygote[blank_end]. When the two versions/alleles of a gene are the same it is a [blank_start]homozygote[blank_end].
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heterozygote
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homozygote
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offspring from a cross between two different species is a hybrid
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- True
- False
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The proportion of all copies of a gene being of a particular type/version
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allele frequency
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gene frequency
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allele distribution
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gene distribution
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An [blank_start]adaptation[blank_end] is an [blank_start]inherited[blank_end] [blank_start]trait[blank_end] with a current [blank_start]functional[blank_end] [blank_start]role[blank_end] in the life history if an [blank_start]organism[blank_end].
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adaptation
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inherited
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trait
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functional
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role
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organism
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Acclimatisation is a [blank_start]gradual[blank_end], reversible [blank_start]response[blank_end] of an organism to a [blank_start]change[blank_end] in its environment
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gradual
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response
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change
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gametes are body cells
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- True
- False
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When a [blank_start]new[blank_end] [blank_start]population[blank_end] is established by a [blank_start]very small[blank_end] number of individuals who will carry with them [blank_start]only a small[blank_end] proportion of all the [blank_start]alleles[blank_end] present in the population. The [blank_start]founder effect[blank_end] contributes, therefore, to the [blank_start]loss[blank_end] of [blank_start]genetic variation[blank_end] that follows colonisation.
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new
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population
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very small
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very large
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only a small
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a large
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alleles
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genes
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founder effect
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loss
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increase
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genetic variation
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Simple short repeating sequences of up to about 6 DNA base pairs are called [blank_start]microsatellites[blank_end]
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microsatellites
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immigration is when new individuals enter a population
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- True
- False
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Unrepaired change to the sequence of bases in the DNA is
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mutation
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adaptation
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evolution
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