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Radio formats usually target special audiences according to
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The aim of networks such as CBS and NBC was to serve the public interest.
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The Radio Corporation of America (RCA) was formed after World War I to give the United States an early worldwide monopoly over radio broadcasting.
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Network radio helped give America "a national identity."
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Payola is the illegal practice of record promoters paying deejays to play certain songs on the air.
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The telegraph was useless as a means of communicating between ships at sea or between ships and the shore because
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Its signal was too weak to travel across bodies of water
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The telegraph signal was distorted by the electromagnetic spectrum
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Telegraph equipment was too cumbersome to be used aboard ship
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The telegraph required a wired cable connecting the sending and receiving stations
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Documentaries generally avoid controversial or unpopular subject matter.
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Birth of a Nation (1915) remains controversial today because it glorifies the Ku Klux Klan.
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Examples of genres include comedy, drama, romance, and action/adventure.
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Which of the following did not have an impact on Hollywood in the postwar era (late 1940s, 1950s)?
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Through the 1940s, more than 80 percent of all film revenue was generated by
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Small neighborhood theaters
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Downtown first-run theaters
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Multiplexes in shopping malls
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Home video rentals
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A studio production technique that doubled up on scripts
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A studio distribution technique that “bundled” films together
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A studio exhibition technique that used B roll schedules to limit lengths of films
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A studio business ploy that “doctored” the accounting books
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To gain access to popular movies, early theater owners and exhibitors had to agree to rent untested or marginal films with unknown actors. This distribution technique was called
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A study by the Future of Music Coalition showed that
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10 parent companies dominate radio in the US.
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oligopolies control almost every geographic market.
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oligopolies control virtually every music format.
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all of the above.
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The Fairness Doctrine was a requirement by the FCC that stations be fair to their employees.
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The term "Fourth Estate" refers to the media's role to be a watchdog over the three branches of government.
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The script for Black Hawk Down (2002) was changed because the story's main hero had been found guilty of sexual abuse of a young boy.
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The Institute for Creative Technologies is a large company that hires entertainment professionals to create tools to train soldiers and provide battle simulation for the military.
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The Local Community Radio Act of 2010 (signed into law in 2011) was a bipartisan bill to restrict local community access to low power radio.
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The Local Community Radio Act of 2010 (signed into law in 2011) was a bipartisan bill to restrict local community access to low power radio.
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results in only positive images of the military.
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results in productions that show no civilian casualties.
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contributes to the militaristic nature of our society.
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all of the above
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The transistor made radio receivers
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Portable
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Expensive
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Larger
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Stereophonic
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Most of the applicants for low-power FM radio licenses have been national retailers like Wal-Mart.
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The 1996 Telecommunications Act set off an unprecedented consolidation in radio station ownership.
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The invention of the transistor in the late 1940s made radio more accessible and portable.
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Early radio inventors like Marconi focused on ship-to-shore communication.
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What time period is considered the “golden age” of radio?
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1950s
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Early 1950s
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1920s through 1940s
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1890s
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__________________ demonstrated the Justice Department’s attempts at breaking up monopolies within the film industry.
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Which of the following is not an element of vertical integration in the movie industry?
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The first movie theaters were called nickelodeons, a name that indicated the cost of admission.
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After Edison, Adolph Zukor of Paramount tried to monopolize the film industry by controlling
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The Paramount decision ended the dominance of the major studios over the commercial film industry.
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The film industry makes much more money today from first-run releases in movie theaters than from home DVD/video releases.
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Grouping films by genre allows the movie industry to achieve both product standardization and differentiation.
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LPFM was opposed by the NAB and media corporations who claimed that the LPFM stations would cause radio signal interference.
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An increase in radio format varieties has guaranteed greater programming diversity.
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A special bureau at the US State Department handles relations between the military and Hollywood.
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Low Power FM stations
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are non-profit
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are locally owned
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are at least 500 watts
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A & B
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All of the above
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Top Gun was a great example of the refusal of filmmakers to make ideological pro-war arguments in order to win military cooperation on the film.
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The initial media reports that Jessica Lynch had been shot and stabbed later proved to be fabrications, among others, by the military and media.
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The Wireless Ship Act of 1910 resulted from the sinking of the Titanic.
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Which event led to the Radio Act of 1912 (which required most large ships to carry wireless technology)?
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Fessenden’s 1906 Christmas Eve transmission
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The sinking of the Titanic
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David Sarnoff’s wedding
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Lee De Forest’s Eiffel Tower broadcast
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Group radio station owners prefer syndicated over locally produced programs.
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TV snatched radio’s
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The practice of payola affected 1950s radio, but does not occur today.
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Film studios have generally resisted making product placement deals for creative reasons.
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International box-office gross revenues are almost double the U.S. and Canadian box-office receipts.
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Because of high equipment and operating costs, digital technology is not expected to benefit independent filmmakers for many years.
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The existence of the Motion Picture Patents Company led some independent producers to make their pictures in faraway Hollywood.
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was created by Harry Bechdel
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measures the extent to which economics affect movie images
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measures the extent to which women appear as significant characters in the movies
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all of the above
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A and B
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Radio and music industry oligopolies tend to interact to control access by bands and musicians.
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The Fairness Doctrine
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The 90% rule is an informal agreement that the military will overlook the (10% of) small inaccuracies in Hollywood scripts they are asked to review as long as the general story makes the military look good and the message is positive.
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Critics of the relationship between the Pentagon and Hollywood argue that this relationship threatens the First Amendment's responsibility not to favor one form of speech over another.
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Act of Valor was different from other movies because it was initiated by Hollywood producers, not with the military itself.
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An FCC study released in 2003 proved that signal interference was a problem with the establishment of low power FM stations
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Consolidation has not affected the music recording industry.
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Streaming service subscriptions have doubled in the first half of 2016.
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The 2005 Radio and Concert Disclosure and Competition Act came about as a result of payola scandals.
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Even though they have achieved mainstream success, some of Green Day's lyrics are very critical of US politics as well as the power of giant corporations.
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The fair use provision protects
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Until very recently, revenues declined for the music industry for several years, due to...
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the increased costs of production and distribution.
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free or cheap online streaming
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the new iTunes model in which you can buy just a single recording rather than the whole album.
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all of the above.
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B & C
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Payola is the practice of radio stations paying money to record labels in order to be able to play their music.
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Payola is seen as a problem because it opens access to the mainstream through radio airplay for all sorts of independent music, whether it is good music or not.
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Approximately 190 radio stations were implicated in the payola scandal of the mid-2000s.
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is one of the biggest copyright infringers in the world
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A & B
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receives thousands of take-down notices
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resists these take-down orders to protect its users First Amendment rights
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Until the invention of digital recording, records were made using an analog recording process.
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Recording artists receive more than half of the price of a $1.29 iTunes download.
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Cleveland deejay Alan Freed helped popularize black music with white audiences.
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The music industry has successfully blocked systems which enable free music file sharing.
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In the 1920s, hundreds of radio stations went off the air because they couldn’t afford to pay for the rights to broadcast recorded music.
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Songwriters and publishers receive a mechanical royalty when they allow one of their copyrighted songs to be recorded.
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Which musical genre drew on features of urban culture including cutting (or sampling) by deejays, break dancing, poetry slams, and graffiti art?
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grunge
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hip-hop
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punk rock
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alternative
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Artists receive a performance royalty when one of their songs is played on the radio.
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Bars, performance spaces, universities that use music at arenas or when callers are on hold, etc, all must pay a ___________.
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performance royalty.
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fair use fee.
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mechanical royalty.
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none of the above.
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Alan Freed and Dick Clark...
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were radio DJs in the early days of rock and roll.
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were both investigated for payola.
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were both found guilty of payola.
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A & B
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"Cost of entry," or the cost to make and distribute a music recording, is much more expensive these days than 10 or 20 years ago, given the high costs of production and digital distribution.
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Payola was under investigation during the mid 2000s by the New York Attorney General, Congress and the FCC.
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Green Day, compared with The Sex Pistols, achieved much less commercial success.
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In 2005 several recording companies, such as BMG and Warner Music, agreed to pay millions in settlement fees for their involvement in payola schemes.
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The two properties in a recorded song are
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the rights to the melody and the lyrics.
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the rights to the song itself and the recording.
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the rights to the song title and the arrangement.
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none of the above.
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Both Clear Channel and Infinity Broadcasting, among others, were implicated in 2004 in a multi-million dollar payola scheme.
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Competition from TV in the 1950s helped the radio and recording industries become allies.
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In addition to sales royalties received by artists, two other kinds of royalty payments exist: mechanical and performance royalties. These are ____________.
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royalties given to the engineers and backup musicians on a recording
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royalties that go to the songwriters and music publishers
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ways for recording labels to take more than the contracted share of widely sold CDs
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royalties paid to “rack jobbers” and other distributors of retail music and radio stations that play the music
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Popular music did not exist until the invention of phonographs.
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The invention of the _______________ paved the way for digital recording.
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Audiotape
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33 1/3 rpm records
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Flat disks
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Lamp black
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Wax cylinders
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Folk is considered a more democratic and participatory form of music than other genres.
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Which key factor or factors contributed to the rise and growth of rock-and-roll music?
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Youths with money were looking for escapism and a new music style to identify their generation.
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Desegregation and the beginnings of the Civil Rights movement brought about a blending of black and white cultures in U.S. society.
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All of the above
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Radio sought a new audience after World War II.
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An artist’s royalties make up only a small fraction of the sales price of a CD.
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Dick Clark was a radio DJ who challenged the norms of the day by playing both black and white artists, while Alan Freed was the clean cut, less threatening DJ of the two.
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were a "manufactured band" set up by Malcolm McLaren who masterminded the punk rock genre.
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were infamous for public intoxication and swearing.
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lasted about two and a half years before their breakup (prior to later comebacks by some of the group).
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all of the above.
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B & C
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The biggest source of revenue in the music industry currently is from
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made a comeback with their 2004 album "American Idiot."
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were much more polished and better promoted than the Sex Pistols.
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exemplify how rebellion and critique, in this case, of US involvement in Iraq, can be commodified and commercialized by the mainstream.
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all of the above.
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none of the above.
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The 2005 Radio and Concert Disclosure and Competition Act came about as a result of payola scandals.
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Approximately 190 radio stations were implicated in the payola scandal of the mid-2000s.
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Domestic US record sales
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increased from less than 7 billion in 2002 to 14 billion in 2011.
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decreased from 14 billion in 2002 to less than 7 billion in 2011.
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stayed about the same due to the emergence of digital technologies.
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none of the above.
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Until very recently, revenues declined for the music industry for several years, due to...
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the increased costs of production and distribution.
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free or cheap online streaming.
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the new iTunes model in which you can buy just a single recording rather than the whole album.
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all of the above.
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B & C.
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Punk rock emerged in the 1970s partly to protest the commercialism of the recording industry.
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Songwriters and publishers receive a mechanical royalty when they allow one of their copyrighted songs to be recorded.
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Which of the following moral and cultural boundaries did rock and roll not blur in the 1950s?
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White and black
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Sacred and secular
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Male and female
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North and South
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Old and young
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Which of the following performers became convinced he was playing the “devil’s music”?
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Buddy Holly
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Sid Vicious
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Elvis Presley
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Little Richard??
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An artist’s royalties make up only a small fraction of the sales price of a CD.
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In addition to sales royalties received by artists, two other kinds of royalty payments exist: mechanical and performance royalties. These are ____________.
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royalties given to the engineers and backup musicians on a recording
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royalties that go to the songwriters and music publishers
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ways for recording labels to take more than the contracted share of widely sold CDs
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Which key factor or factors contributed to the rise and growth of rock-and-roll music?
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Radio sought a new audience after World War II.
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Youths with money were looking for escapism and a new music style to identify their generation.
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Desegregation and the beginnings of the Civil Rights movement brought about a blending of black and white cultures in U.S. society.
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All of the above
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Competition from TV in the 1950s helped the radio and recording industries become allies.