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What does OSI stand for?
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Open System Interconnection
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Overlay standard industry
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Open standard industry
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Overlay system interconnection
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What layer is not part of the OSI model upper layers?
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The Application Layer
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The Network Layer
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The Presentation Layer
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The Session Layer
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What are the OSI model lower layers?
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Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data-Link Layer, and Physical Layer
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Application Layer, Presentation Layer, and Physical Layer
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Data-Link Layer, Network Layer, Session Layer, Application Layer
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What are the roles of the application layer?
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Provides the framework that the actual applications run on top of (Human-Machine readable interface).
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Takes the data that is provided by the upper layer, and converts it into a standard format that the other layers can understand
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Determines how the data will reach the recipient - creates logical paths, known as virtual circuits, between the source and destination hosts
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Defines the hardware specifications used by network adapters and by the network cables (assuming that the connection is not wireless).
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What are the roles of the presentation layer?
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Determines how the data will reach the recipient - creates logical paths, known as virtual circuits, between the source and destination hosts
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Provides the framework that the actual applications run on top of (Human-Machine readable interface).
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Takes the data that is provided by the upper layer, and converts it into a standard format that the other layers can understand
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Defines the hardware specifications used by network adapters and by the network cables (assuming that the connection is not wireless).
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What are the roles of the Transport Layer?
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Takes the data from each application, and integrates it all into a single stream maintaining flow control
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Sub divided into two other layers; the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer
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Establish a session with the receiving host;sessions are established between applications
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Provides the framework that the actual applications run on top of (Human-Machine readable interface).
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What are the roles of the session Layer?
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Takes the data that is provided by the upper layer, and converts it into a standard format that the other layers can understand
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Sub divided into two other layers; the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer
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Establish a session with the receiving host; sessions are established between applications
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Defines the hardware specifications used by network adapters and by the network cables (assuming that the connection is not wireless).
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What are the roles of the Network Layer?
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Determines how the data will reach the recipient - creates logical paths, known as virtual circuits, between the source and destination hosts
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Provides the framework that the actual applications run on top of (Human-Machine readable interface).
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Defines the hardware specifications used by network adapters and by the network cables (assuming that the connection is not wireless).
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Establish a session with the receiving host;sessions are established between applications
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What are the roles of the Data Link Layer?
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Takes the data that is provided by the upper layer, and converts it into a standard format that the other layers can understand
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Sub divided into two other layers; the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer
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Takes the data from each application, and integrates it all into a single stream maintaining flow control
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Provides the framework that the actual applications run on top of (Human-Machine readable interface).
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What are the roles of the Physical Layer?
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Provides the framework that the actual applications run on top of (Human-Machine readable interface).
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Establish a session with the receiving host; sessions are established between applications
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Defines the hardware specifications used by network adapters and by the network cables (assuming that the connection is not wireless).
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Sub divided into two other layers; the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer
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Provides application services for file transfers, e-mail, and other network software services.
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Application Layer
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Presentation Layer
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Network Layer
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Physical Layer
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This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems. It is sometimes called the syntax layer.
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Presentation Layer
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Application Layer
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Network Layer
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Physical Layer
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Responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. It ensures complete data transfer.
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Session Layer
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Application Layer
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Transport Layer
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Physical Layer
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Routing and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing.
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Physical Layer
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Network Layer
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Presentation Layer
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Transport Layer
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Provides error-free transfer of data frames from one node to another over the physical layer.
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Transport Layer
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Application Layer
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Session Layer
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Data-Link Layer
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What are the address types at Layer 1
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What are the two sublayers of Layer2
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Media Access Control (MAC) layer
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Open System Interconnection (OSI)
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802.3u
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Logical Link Control (LLC) layer
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What are the address types at Layer 2
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802.11 (WLAN), Wi-Fi, WiMAX
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TCP, SPX and UDP
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SSL, WEP, WPA
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SONET/SDN,Coaxial Cable, Twisted Pair Cable
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What are the address types at Layer 3
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TCP, SPX and UDP
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OSPF, ICMP, IGMP and ARP
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SNMP, SSH, TELNET and NTP
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Logical Ports 21, 22, 23, 80 etc
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What are the address types at Layer 4
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What are the address types at Layer 5
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Ethernet, Token Ring, Frame Relay, PPTP, L2TP and ISDN
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Logical Ports 21, 22, 23, 80 etc.
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SSL, WEP, WPA, Kerberos,
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ICMP, IGMP and ARP
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What are the address types at Layer 6
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What are the address types at Layer 7
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Hubs, Repeaters, Cables, Optical Fiber,
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IPv4, IPV6, IPX, OSPF, ICMP, IGMP and ARP
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Twisted Pair Cable and Connectors
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DHCP, DNS, FTP, HTTP
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What is the purpose of address resolution protocol (ARP)
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used to locate the Ethernet address associated with a desired IP address
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the area of the computer network that consists of every single computer
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special broadcast address consisting of all used to send frames to all devices on the network
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virtual broadcast domain created inside a switch
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How many bytes are comprised in an hardware address (MAC address)?
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6 Bytes
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4 Bytes
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48 Bits
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128 Bytes
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LACP is a protocol that detects error conditions on member links and redistributes traffic to other member links, thus preventing any loss of traffic on the failed link.
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How many bits are dedicated to organization unique identifier (OUI)?
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24 bits
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24 Bytes
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3 octets
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What is the "I/G" bit in the hardware address?
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signifies whether the hardware address represents an individual device or a group of devices
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resolves MAC addresses into IP addresses.
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signifies support for half duplex Ethernet adds frame bursting and carrier extension
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BIG-IP system uses a what technology to distribute traffic across multiple links. What is the process?
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Multi-Port
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Trunk
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logical link
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BIG Links
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BIG IP assigns MAC address from the lowest-numbered interface of the trunk.
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BIG-IP uses what trunk protocol?
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Indicates the cost of using a route, which is typically the number of hops to the IP destination.
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Metric
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Gateway
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Interface
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VLAN
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The IP address that the local host uses to forward IP datagrams to other IP networks.
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Routing protocols perform several activities, including:
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Remote networks are added to the routing table in two ways:
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By the network administrator manually configuring static routes.
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By implementing a dynamic routing protocol.
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By waiting for application to tell the network about IP address
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By email from host to host
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Select dynamic routing protocols:
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OSPF
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IS-IS
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Static routing
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IGP
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BGP
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Fragmentation happens when a large IP datagram has to travel through a network with a maximum transmission unit (MTU) that is smaller than the size of the IP datagram.
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How are the packets reassembled?
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TCP performs reassembly
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On the receiving end host using fragment ID
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packets stay connected during transmission
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application layer assembles the packets for viewing
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The maximum TTL value is _________.
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255
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64
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1
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no TTL exist in packets
Frage 40
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What transmission technology is used for fragmentation of datagrams?
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Which of the types is not a unicast IPv6 unicast addresses?
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Global-Unicast
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Multicast
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Link-Local Address
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Unique Local Address
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Loopback Address
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IPv6 multicast is routable, and routers will not forward multicast packets unless there are members of the multicast groups to forward the packets to.
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An anycast address is a single address assigned to a single nodes.
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IPv6 address is comprised of ________ blocks of ______ bits?
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8 Blocks
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16 Blocks
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128 Bits
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64 Bits
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What are the terms commonly referred in a "Three-way handshake"
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What is common maximum TCP "MTU" packet size for TCP packet?
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During session connection establishment, two peers, or hosts, engage in negotiations to determine the IP segment size of packets that they will exchange during their communication.
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What is an endpoint to a logical connection and the way a client program specifies a specific server program on a computer in a network?
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Protocol Ports
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logical Address
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Ethernet addresses
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VLAN
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What are TCP RST Packets?
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What are the three TCP Options?
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Option-Kind
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Option-SYN count
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Option-Length
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Option-Data
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A web browser is an example of a ________.
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user agent (UA)
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server
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host
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user server (US)
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HTTP is an application layer protocol designed within the framework of the Internet Protocol Suite.
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HTTP request and response messages share similar message attributes, which are:
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label maker request
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an initial line
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an optional message body
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SMTP header
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Define the initial line: GET /path/to/file/index.html HTTP/1.0
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Initial Request Line
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Initial Response Line
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HTTP retrieval syntax
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C+ Code
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Define initial response line: HTTP/1.0 200 OK or HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found
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A message asks the server to return the response headers only, and not the actual resource (i.e. no message body).
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POST Method
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HEAD Method
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Initial Response Line
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Initial Request Line
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A request is used to send data to the server to be processed in some way, like by a CGI script.; , block of data sent with the request, request URI is not a resource to retrieve, and HTTP response is normally program output, not a static file.
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HTTP Keep-alives
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HEAD Method
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Initial Response Line
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POST Method
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Also called HTTP persistent connection, or HTTP connection reuse, is the idea of using a single TCP connection to send and receive multiple HTTP requests/responses, as opposed to opening a new connection for every single request/response pair.
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HTTP Keep-alives
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HTTP GET
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SIP
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DNS
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Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a communications protocol used for communicating between different devices on a company network, whether on the LAN, the WAN, or across the Internet.
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In FTP mode, the client connects from a random unprivileged port (N > 1023) to the FTP server’s command port, port 21.
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Active
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Passive
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Random
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RCP
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client initiates both connections to the server, solving the problem of firewalls filtering the incoming data port connection to the client from the server. When opening an the connection, the client opens two random unprivileged ports locally (N > 1023 and N+1).
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SMTP
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Telnet
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Passive FTP
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RDP
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Outlook Express connects to the SMTP server at mail.howstuffworks.com using port 53 ?
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The SMTP server takes the address of the sender and the address of the recipient, as well as the body of the message. and breaks it into two parts:
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recipient name
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HTTP GET message
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domain name
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HTML code
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SMTP Command:
introduce yourself and request extended mode
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List the common
• [blank_start]HELO[blank_end] - introduce yourself
• [blank_start]EHLO[blank_end] - introduce yourself and request extended mode
• [blank_start]MAIL FROM:[blank_end] - specify the sender
• [blank_start]RCPT TO:[blank_end] - specify the recipient
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HELO
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EHLO
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MAIL FROM
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RCPT TO
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• [blank_start]DATA[blank_end] - specify the body of the message (To, From and Subject should be the first three lines.)
• [blank_start]RSET[blank_end] - reset
• [blank_start]QUIT[blank_end] - quit the session
• [blank_start]HELP[blank_end] - get help on commands
• [blank_start]VRFY[blank_end] - verify an address
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allows a site to store state information on your machine
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name-value pairs
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cookie
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message
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EHOL
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In HTTP version, what response status code gives NXX redirects the client to another URL ?
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In HTTP version, what response status code gives NXX indicates an error on the client’s part ?
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In HTTP version, what response status code gives NXX indicates an error on the server’s part ?
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For secure transmission that hides (encrypts) the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often secured with
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a reference to a resource that specifies the location of the resource on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
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URL
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SIP
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Logical Port
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directory
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a standard plain text data interchange format for representing LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) directory content and update requests.