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SZ occurs in 1% of the population
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What are the 4 D's?
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Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress, Danger
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Deviance, Disaster, Danger, Distress
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Dysfunction, Disaster, Desirability, Discomfort
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Discomfort, Deviance, Danger, Disaster
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The statistical definition of abnormality describes the 'norm' as something which is [blank_start]usual[blank_end] or typical. When behaviour is rare it is classed as [blank_start]abnormal[blank_end]. Normal characteristics occur in [blank_start]95%[blank_end] of the population. Abnormal characteristics occur in the [blank_start]2.5%[blank_end] of the population on either side.
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usual
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unexpected
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abnormal
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weird
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95%
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90%
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80%
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2.5%
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5%
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10%
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The [blank_start]social norm[blank_end] definition of abnormality states that those who do not follow the [blank_start]explicit[blank_end] rules (clearly written eg. law) or [blank_start]implicit[blank_end] rules (eg. suggested but not expressed in a formal manner) are abnormal. Behaviour cannot be considered abnormal as long as [blank_start]society[blank_end] accepts it.
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social norm
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abnormal
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explicit
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implicit
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society
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I
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other normal people
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Label the image with the appropriate text
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DSM-IV-TR had a 5-part axial system
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DSM-IV-TR had a 5-part analysis
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Section 1: introduction to manual
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Section 1:explains families of disorders
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Section 2: classification of disorders
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Section 2: symptoms
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Section 3: other assessment measures
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Section 3: symptoms
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Linked to key Q
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Not linked to key Q
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Released 2013
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Released 2000
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Released 2010
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Label the image with the correct text
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American
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Global
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Only mental health disorders
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other disorders too
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Creates families of disorders
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Ignores similarities between disorders
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Link to key Q
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No link to key Q
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Includes instruction manual
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No instruction manual included
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Aetiological validity is defined as the extent to which a disorder has the same cause of causes. A diagnosis has aetiological validity when the diagnosis reflects known causes eg. family history in a disorder known to have genetic causes.
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The majority of SZ cases are found in those who are lower class. In the UK, 4 in 1000 people from the lowest social class have SZ. - This explanation for SZ is known as:
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Other possible causes of SZ include:
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Social Adversity
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Social Drift
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Environmental breeder
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Immigrant population
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Dopamine hypothesis
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Genetics
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D2 pathways
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D4 pathways
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Serotonin hypothesis
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Dopamine pathways relevant to SZ symptoms
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mesocortical
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mesolimbic
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metabolic
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metalimbic
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metocortical
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Gottesman and [blank_start]Shields[blank_end] (1996) studied [blank_start]61[blank_end] MZ or DZ twins. Concordance rates for MZ twins was [blank_start]42%[blank_end] (but in severe cases of SZ concordance rate was [blank_start]higher[blank_end]). Concordance rates for DZ twins was [blank_start]17%[blank_end].
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61
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60
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90
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65
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42%
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45%
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higher
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lower
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17%
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20%
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3%
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Shields
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Shield
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Shhhh
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Samantha
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Anti-psychiatry movement: [blank_start]Szasz[blank_end] (1972) wrote 'myth of mental illness'. [blank_start]Foucalt[blank_end] (1961) label of 'mental illness' was misused to keep control of those who were a threat to society. [blank_start]Laing[blank_end] (1960) said SZ is a label used as a form of violece by the government on [blank_start]non-confosmists[blank_end]
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Szasz
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Shulze
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Szaszasz
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Foucalt
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Fowlcalt
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Food
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Flukehalt
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Laing
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Lang
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Lady
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Lauderback
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non-conformists
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conformists
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Phase 1 of FBT is called 'refeeding'
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Serotonin explanation for AN: [blank_start]Amino acids[blank_end] in food trigger serotonin production in the brain to make you feel [blank_start]full[blank_end]. In a person with AN the lack of serotonin production makes them feel [blank_start]calmer[blank_end] but the brain [blank_start]overcompensates[blank_end] for the lack of serotonin by producing extra, making the person feel [blank_start]worse[blank_end].
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Amino acids
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Carbohydrates
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Yummyness
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full
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hungry
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calmer
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karma
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worse
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overcompensates
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undercompensates
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worse
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better
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[blank_start]Carlsson[blank_end] et al 1999/2000 - contemporary study. The study was actually a [blank_start]review[blank_end].
Aim: show how neurotransmitter functioning and psychosis provide explanations for [blank_start]SZ[blank_end].
Method: obtain evidence on role of [blank_start]neurotransmitters[blank_end] in SZ.
Findings: PCP acts as an [blank_start]antagonist[blank_end] of a glutamate receptor - glutamate deficiency = psychosis. Glutamate failure = + & - symptoms. Clozapine = highly [blank_start]effective[blank_end] for SZ.
Conclusions: More research needed. Drug therapies must consider roles of neurotransmitters.
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Carlsson
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Carlson
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review
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meta-analysis
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SZ
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AN
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neurotransmitters
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receptors
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antagonist
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protagonist
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effective
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ineffective
Frage 16
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of proficiency
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of conduct, performance and ethics
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of confidentiality
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for continuing professional development
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of education and training
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for prescribing
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of communication
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Triangulating is where you take one or two pieces of information and consider them individually to make a conclusion
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Mann Whitney U-test is used when