hw7

Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make “warmth” judgments every 15 sec. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of the experiment was to;

Glick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves following three steps;

Amber lives between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. Usually she takes the street to the south to work each morning, but it’s now closed for repairs, but is now taking the street to the north instead. Once the closed street is reopened, if she continues taking the street to the north, even though it’s a little longer, it would be an example of;

A heuristic is;

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represent the _____ problem.

Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem, the;

A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department rather than in an artificial laboratory setting. Later, analyzing the discussions, she identifies particular problem solving techniques. This an example of _____ research.

Kaplan and Simon’s experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that;

Which of the following statements about the differences between novices and experts when solving a problem is NOT true?

Jack is a psychology grad student preparing for his dissertation. Faced with an extensive list of research articles to consider, he excludes many from consideration because they don’t consider findings he and his adviser published together in previous papers, and as such, aren’t up to date on the most current theories on the topic; those of Jack and his adviser. This exclusion of info is an example of the;

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n);

Newell and Simon’s early work on problem solving was based on the idea that it is a processing involving;

_____ identified people’s tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving.

Decisions based on _____ are usually going to be correct, but there’s always the chance they could be mistaken.

The Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving a process that involves;

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _____ state.

Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a juice company. Sales of their calcium enhanced OJ were poor, and the product was cancelled. Her factory still had three cases of the produce, and she was told she could have them. With the cartons, she made several bird feeders and seedling planters, and a fort for her four year old son. This use of the cartons represents;

The best description of think aloud protocols is that they are used to determine;

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because;

The _____ is assuming something belongs in a particular group because it shares features with that group, but is actually a member of a different group.

The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as;

The _____ states that the probability of two events occuring together cannot be higher than the probability of either even occurring alone.

_____ is the behavioral tendency to avoid _____.

Actions that take the problem from one state to another are called;

In analogical problem solving, the _____ problem is the one the participant is trying to solve, and the _____ problem, which has been solved in the past, is used as a guide for reaching a solution.

Insight refers to;

_____ refers to the idea that the participants in a sample will accurately portray the characteristics of the population the sample is drawn from.

The base rate is;

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinger solution of a problem?

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well learned, it may prevent us from;

The _____ is mistakenly assuming the cause of an event because of frequency of exposure to the event, rather than the actual frequency of all instances of that event.

Experts categorize problems based on;

The Gestaltist’s “circle problem” in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustrate;

_____ is the idea that people will always seek to maximize their personal gain whenever making a decision.

The solution to the “candle problem” involves realizing that the;

____ refers to the idea that more evidence (data, or how many examples can be cited) increases the support for a conclusion.

Confirmation bias is;

An algorithm is;

The “fortress problem” involves a castle and marching soldiers, while the “radiation problem” involves a tumor and X-rays. Therefore, the two problems have very different;

The _____ states that as the size of the sample increases, it will become steadily more representative of the population it’s drawn from.