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Quiz von Zachariah Atteberry, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Frage 1
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Piaget described human thought in terms of two basic concepts:
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Logic and reason
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Logic and emotion
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Adaptation and affordances
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Assimilation and accommodation
Frage 2
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A two-year-old child’s family has a pet dog. The child visits the neighbor’s house and sees their pet dog. Even though the neighbor’s dog is larger and a different color the child points to it and says “dog.” Which of Piaget’s processes does this demonstrate?
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Adaptation
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Accomodation
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Assimlation
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Acclamation
Frage 3
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Piaget interpreted an infant’s tendency to explore new objects through sucking as an instance of
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Adaptation
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Assimilation
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Accomondation
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Oral exploration
Frage 4
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Toy manufacturers need to be careful that toys and parts of toys are too large for children to put into their mouths. Piaget would interpret this as
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An understanding of children's tendency to assimilate
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Unnecessary intrusion in developmental process
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Understanding of egocentricity of young children
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Understanding of a children's lack of object performance
Frage 5
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Piaget’s term for a pattern of action or a mental structure that is involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge is a(n)
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Invariance
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Heirarchy
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Schema
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Adaptation
Frage 6
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After having several birthday parties at home, a six-year old develops a _____ for this type of an experience, so they will know what to expect if they go to someone else’s birthday party.
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Pattern
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Plan
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Habit
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Schema
Frage 7
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A two-year-old child’s family has a pet cat. When they visit the zoo, the child sees a lion and calls it a cat. To modify the child’s misunderstanding, what process must occur according to Piaget?
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Accomodation
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Acclamation
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Assimilation
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Adaptation
Frage 8
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Piaget’s term for the creation of new ways of responding to objects is
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Assimilation
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Schemata
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Accomodation
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Invariance
Frage 9
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People expect whales to be fish because they live in the sea. The recognition that whales are mammals requires a(n) __________ of existing schemas.
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Assimilation
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Accomodation
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Learning
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Formalizing
Frage 10
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Jean Piaget hypothesized that cognitive development progressed
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As a slow lifetime process
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As a result of heredity
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As a quantitative change process
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As an orderly sequence
Frage 11
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Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are, in order of increasing age:
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sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
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sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational, preoperational.
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preoperational, operational, post operational, formal operational.
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assimilation, adaptation, accommodation.
Frage 12
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During the sensorimotor stage, behavior becomes increasingly
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Cognitive
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Automatic
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Disorganized
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Purposeful
Frage 13
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How does Piaget interpret the four- to eight-month-old’s interest in kicking a hanging toy and causing it to bounce?
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Assimilation to sucking reflexes
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Association based on memory
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Function of visual perception
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Active exploration of cause-effect relationships
Frage 14
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A four-month-old infant is playing with keys. You place a magazine on top of the keys. The infant does not search for them. What does this demonstrate a lack of?
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Object permanence
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Accomodation
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Egocentrism
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Conservation
Frage 15
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Prior to the age of six months, you could take a toy away from your infant and the baby would not protest. What Piagetian concept explains this observation?
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Object permanence
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Assimilation
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Concrete operations
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Accommodation
Frage 16
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You find that your infant takes great pleasure in the game of peek-a-boo. What Piagetian concept explains this observation?
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Object permanence
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Deferred imitation
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Assimilation
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Preoperations
Frage 17
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The acquisition of the basics of language at about age two allows the child to use words and symbols to represent objects. This begins the
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Cognitive stage process
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Preoperational stage
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Language operational stage
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Concrete operational stage
Frage 18
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A three-year-old child who doesn’t understand that five single dollar bills are equal to a five-dollar bill is in Piaget’s _______ stage.
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Sensorimotor
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Preoperational
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Concrete operational
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Formal operational
Frage 19
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A five-year-old is speaking on the telephone to his/her grandparent. The child holds up the picture they were describing and says to the grandparent “See.” According to Piaget, this demonstrates _____.
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Egocentrism
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Object performance
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Animism
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Artificialism
Frage 20
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You are playing hide-and-seek with your preoperational child. You count to 10 while he/she hides. You find your child sitting in the middle of the room with his/her eyes closed. The child believes because he/she cannot see you, then you cannot see him/her. What does this demonstrate?
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intellectual impairment
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decentration
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object permanence
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egocentrism
Frage 21
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Preoperational children attribute life to physical objects like the sun and the moon. What does this demonstrate?
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Artificialism
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Animism
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Egocentrism
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Conservation
Frage 22
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Preoperational children attribute life to physical objects like the sun and the moon. What does this demonstrate?
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Animism
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Egocentrism
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Artificialism
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Conservation
Frage 23
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You show a child two tall and thin glasses filled with equal amounts of water. You pour the water from one glass into a short, wide glass and tell the child to take the glass with the most water in it. You are observing the child’s capacity to
a. reason deductively. c. center on one aspect of the situation.
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Reason deudctively
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Conserve
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Center on one aspect of the situation
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Abstract
Frage 24
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The preoperational child judges only the consequences of an action and cannot center on both consequences and intention. Piaget describes this as
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Immoral
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Objective responbility
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Injustive
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Subjective moral judgement
Frage 25
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Concrete operational children are capable of __________; they can center on two dimensions of a problem at once.
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Formal opreations
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Visual motor integration
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Cause-effect reasoning
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Decentration
Frage 26
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Concrete operational children become __________ in their moral judgments. When assigning guilt, they center on the intentions of the wrongdoer
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Objective
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Rational
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Subjective
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Predictable
Frage 27
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One child breaks 15 dishes accidentally, and another child breaks one dish while attempting to steal money from the family change jar. Using the moral judgment of a concrete operational child, whose deed is naughtier?
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Child who broke the most dishes
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Child who broke the dishes while stealing
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Child who broke dishes accidentally
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Child who broke dishes deliberately
Frage 28
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Concrete operational children understand the law of __________; that is, they understand that the basic properties of substances such as weight and volume stay the same when you change superficial properties such as their shape or arrangement.
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Conservation
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Effect
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Formal operations
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Symbolic reasoning
Frage 29
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Awareness of the concept of decentration supports conservation because it allows children to
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Consider intentions
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Center on two dimensions rather than one
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Figure out what they're supposed to do
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Change their minds
Frage 30
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Piaget’s concept for the concrete operational child’s capacity to understand that many processes can be undone, reversed, and restored to their previous condition is
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Intentionality
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Reversibility
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Decentration
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Induction
Frage 31
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When you arrange two rows of five pennies each and place them a half-inch apart in the first row while separating the other row of five pennies by three inches, the preoperational child will say that the second row has more pennies. However, the concrete operational child has the capacity to __________ numbers and will not make this same error.
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Add
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Subtract
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Symbolize
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Conserve
Frage 32
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Because concrete operational children are less egocentric, they can increasingly
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Take objective responsbility
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Take perspective of another
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Take conservative positions
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Reason artificially
Frage 33
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Conservation, decentration, reversibility, and subjective responsibility are generally achieved at about __________ years.
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1-2
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3-5
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7-10
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12-15
Frage 34
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Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget’s theory?
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Piaget underestimated the ages at which children developed cognitively.
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Egocentrism and conservation develop more continuously—they may not occur in stages.
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Piaget overestimated the cognitive abilities of infants.
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Both a and b
Frage 35
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Support for Piaget’s theory has been found in his view that
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preschoolers are egocentric and lack conservation.
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cognitive development progresses discontinuously.
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cognitive development occurs in a particular sequence.
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all of these.
Frage 36
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Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is a(n) __________ theory.
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Information-processing
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Metamemory
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Stage
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Untested
Frage 37
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What method of study did Kohlberg use?
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Conventional
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Post conventional
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Nonconventional
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Preconventional
Frage 38
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A child who cleans up their room to avoid losing a privilege is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory.
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Conventional
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Post conventional
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Nonconventional
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Preconventional
Frage 39
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Children at the __________ level of moral reasoning base their judgments on the consequences of behavior.
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Preconventional
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Conventional
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Postconventional
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Metaconventional
Frage 40
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An adult who chooses not to park in a handicap space because they want to avoid a ticket and fine, is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory.
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Nonconventional
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Post convention
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Preconventional
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Conventional
Frage 41
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A third grader who decides not to cheat on a test because if caught their parents would be displeased with them, is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory
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Postconvetional
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Nonconventional
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Preconventional
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Conventional
Frage 42
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A third grader who decides not to cheat on a test because if caught their parents would be displeased with them, is operating at the _____ level of Kohlberg’s theory
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Metamoral
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Good-boy/good-girl
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Punishment
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Law and order
Frage 43
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If a person reasIf a person reasons that Heinz could solve his moral dilemma by obeying the law, even at the cost of his wife’s life, then that person demonstratesons that Heinz could solve his moral dilemma by obeying the law, even at the cost of his wife’s life, then that person demonstrates
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Preconventional reasoning
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Postconventional reasoning
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Stage one reasoning
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Conventional reasoning
Frage 44
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If a person reasons that Heinz could solve his moral dilemma by obeying the law, even at the cost of his wife’s life, then that person demonstrates
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Moral reasoning follows a developmental sequence
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Most people reach the post conventional level
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There are no prerequisites for the post conventional level
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Some people may skip stages
Frage 45
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Research demonstrates that _______ is a prerequisite for postconventional reasoning
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Formal operational thinking
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Concrete operational thinking
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Preoperational thinking
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None of these
Frage 46
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Inconsistencies in Kohlberg’s theory have been found with the fact that
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Moral reasoning follows a developmental seqeuence
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Most people reach the post conventional level
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Piaget's formal operations are a prerequisite for post conventional reasoning
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Children who are exposed to examples of moral reasoning above their own stage will follow along
Frage 47
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described the psychosocial stages of development.
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Jean piaget
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Erik erikson
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Sigmund freud
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Lawrence kohlberg
Frage 48
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According to Erikson, the infant-parent relationship can affect issues associated with _____ during the first year of life.
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Guilt
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Trust
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Autonomy
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Identity
Frage 49
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Erik Erikson described an early stage of psychosocial development during which we depend on primary caretakers. This relationship determines the emergence of
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Attachment
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Autonomy
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Trust versus mistrust
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Attachment versus autonomy
Frage 50
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According to Erikson, a toddler who is given opportunities to explore and manipulate things in their environment and who is encouraged to investigate will gain a sense of
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Trust
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Autonomy
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Superirity
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Inferiority
Frage 51
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The four childhood goals of social development, according to Erikson, are:
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Trust, identity, intimacy, industry
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Autonomy, initiative, integrity, trust
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Trust, autonomy, initiative, indsutry
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Trust, generativity, identity, industry
Frage 52
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Authoritative parents are both strict and
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Easygoing with children
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Rejecting
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Poor communicators
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Respectful toward children
Frage 53
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Which parenting style is most likely to have strict guidelines about what is right and wrong and to expect the child to adhere to those guidelines without question?
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Authoritarian
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Permissive
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Restrictive
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Authoritative
Frage 54
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What do authoritative and authoritarian parents have in common?
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Both have strict standards
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Both rely on force to gain compliance
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Predictable and don't rely on communication
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Can be cold and rejecting
Frage 55
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A child’s father is not very affectionate and demands that the child not speak to an adult unless spoken to, that he/she always put away one toy before taking out another, and that soft drinks be consumed only on special occasions. This child’s father can be described as
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Permissive
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Authoritarian
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Authoritative
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Strict
Frage 56
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A child’s mother seldom objects if her child interrupts, and she seldom requires that her child take responsibility for cleaning his/her room or completing homework. This mother’s parenting style would be considered
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Permissive
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Authoritarian
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Flexible
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Authoritative
Frage 57
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Permissive parents are poor at communicating but...
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Are warm and supportive
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Rely on force
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Willing to reason with their children
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Temper their strictness
Frage 58
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What do permissive and authoritarian parents have in common?
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Both indifferent
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Both poor communicators
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Both easygoing
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Both strict
Frage 59
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_____________ parents show little encouragement or warmth toward their children and tend to leave them on their own.
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Uninvolved
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Authoritarian
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Authoritative
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Permissive
Frage 60
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The most competent children tend to have
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Involved parents
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Authoritarian families
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Authoritative parents
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Permissive learning styles
Frage 61
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116. During a parent-teacher conference, a father says, “My child will do what I say because I say so, no ifs, ands, or buts!” The child of this parent has academic and social problems. The parent’s statement demonstrates
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Permissive
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Authoritative
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Authoritarian
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Uninvolved
Frage 62
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Children of uninvolved parents tend to have _______________than children whose parents are more involved.
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Poorer academic achivement
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High rates of deliquency
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Greater social competence
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Poorer academic performance and higher delinquency rates
Frage 63
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Baumrind’s study of parenting styles connects
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authoritative parenting with mature and competent children.
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permissive parenting with indifferent parents.
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authoritarian parenting with instrumental competence.
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permissive parenting with creativity.
Frage 64
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According to Piaget, cognitive maturity is
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Never achieved
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Represented by formal operations
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Taking objective responsbility
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conventional moral judgment.
Frage 65
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Children who recognize that all the ideals they have been taught are not always indicative of the way people act in reality, are experiencing Piaget’s _____ stage of cognitive development.
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Formal operational
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Preoperational
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Concrete operational
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Abstract reasoning
Frage 66
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Formal operational children derive rules for action based on
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General principles
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Physical properties of objects
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Concrete Observations
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Learning by doing
Frage 67
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Kohlberg’s level of moral reasoning that may arise during adolescence is the
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Preconventional level
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Postconrete level
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Concrete level
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Postconventional
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