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Quiz von Maria McGurrin, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Maria McGurrin
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Impaired Production of water fluid from the airway epithelium is known as [blank_start]cystic fibrosis[blank_end].
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cystic fibrosis
Frage 2
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The thorax is a closed compartment bounded at the neck by muscles and connective tissue and completely separated from the abdomen by a large, dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle called the [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end].
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diaphragm
Frage 3
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Type II alveolar cells secrete a detergent like substance known as [blank_start]surfactant[blank_end] that is important for preventing the collapse of the alveoli.
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surfactant
Frage 4
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Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the partial pressure of each gas is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture. Nitrogen is commonly represented at [blank_start]78.8[blank_end] % of the total mixture.
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78.8
Frage 5
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In a normal situation the alveoli contain a higher concentration of [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end] and water vapor in comparison to the atmosphere.
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carbon dioxide
Frage 6
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Alveoli enable extreme increase in [blank_start]surface area[blank_end] and a [blank_start]short[blank_end] diffusion path to [blank_start]enhance[blank_end] diffusive gas exchange.
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surface area
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short
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enhance
Frage 7
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Respiratory pressure is always described relative to [blank_start]atmospheric pressure[blank_end].
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atmospheric pressure
Frage 8
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Pneumothorax is caused by the equalization of [blank_start]intrapleural[blank_end] pressure with intrapulmonary pressure.
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intrapleural
Frage 9
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[blank_start]Intrapleural pressure[blank_end] is what keeps the lungs open and not flattened.
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Intrapleural pressure
Frage 10
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Boyles Law is the relationship between the [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and volume of gases at a constant temperature.
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pressure
Frage 11
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In a healthy individual, energy is only required for expiration while [blank_start]exercising[blank_end].
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exercising
Frage 12
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The [blank_start]phrenic nerve[blank_end] is responsible for stimulating the diaphragm, which causes it to move inferiorly as it contracts during [blank_start]inspiration[blank_end].
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phrenic nerve
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inspiration
Frage 13
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Pulmonary Fibrosis (pictured) is a disease where the normal tissues in the lungs are replaced with [blank_start]scar tissue[blank_end], which is less [blank_start]elastic[blank_end]; it also increases the [blank_start]thickness[blank_end] of the alveoli.
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scar tissue
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elastic
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thickness
Frage 14
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Lung compliance (shown in the graph) is determined by lung volume and [blank_start]transpulmonary pressure[blank_end].
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transpulmonary pressure
Frage 15
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Two ways to treat infant respiratory distress syndrome is with [blank_start]synthetic surfactant[blank_end] and putting the infant on a [blank_start]ventilator[blank_end]. Without these, the infant’s lungs will [blank_start]collapse[blank_end] at every breath.
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synthetic surfactant
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ventilator
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collapse
Frage 16
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Flow, [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and resistance are all physical factors that influence lung ventilation.
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pressure
Frage 17
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The amount of gas flowing into and out of the [blank_start]alveoli[blank_end] is directly proportional to change in [blank_start]pressure[blank_end].
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alveoli
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pressure
Frage 18
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Because of the bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals, there is a [blank_start]2[blank_end] times reduction in radius, resulting in a [blank_start]16[blank_end] times reduction in flow.
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2
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16
Frage 19
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Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood by dissolving in plasma, chemically bound to [blank_start]hemoglobin[blank_end] and as a bicarbonate ion in plasma.
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hemoglobin
Frage 20
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The respiratory system is one of [blank_start]2[blank_end] major buffering systems in the body, by regulating [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end].
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2
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carbon dioxide
Frage 21
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[blank_start]Dyspnea[blank_end], difficult or labored breathing. is a symptom experienced by both those who have asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Dyspnea
Frage 22
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High fever, night sweats, and weight loss are all symptoms of [blank_start]tuberculosis[blank_end].
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tuberculosis
Frage 23
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The [blank_start]concentration difference[blank_end] and [blank_start]barrier thickness[blank_end] or diffusion path are both needed to calculate the diffusion rate using Fick’s Diffusion Equation.
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concentration difference
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barrier thickness
Frage 24
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[blank_start]Hypoxemia[blank_end] is a type of hypoxia caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.
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Hypoxemia
Frage 25
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CO2 is [blank_start]more[blank_end] soluble than H2O
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more
Frage 26
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The partial pressure of CO2 in tissue is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] than the partial pressure of CO2 in the bloodstream
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higher
Frage 27
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A reduced alveolar ventilation causes the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] and the partial pressure of oxygen to [blank_start]decrease[blank_end], which prompt pulmonary arterioles to [blank_start]constrict[blank_end].
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increase
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decrease
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constrict
Frage 28
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[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
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Ischemic
Frage 29
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The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
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bicarbonate buffer system
Frage 30
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In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
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a chloride ion
Frage 31
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Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
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increases
Frage 32
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The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
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rhythm generating neurons
Frage 33
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[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
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Ischemic
Frage 34
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The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
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bicarbonate buffer system
Frage 35
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In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
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a chloride ion
Frage 36
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Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
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increases
Frage 37
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The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
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rhythm generating neurons
Frage 38
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Muscle glycogen depletion, known colloquially as [blank_start]hitting the wall[blank_end] occurs when the shift to lipid oxidation fails to meet ATP demand, despite adequate O2 supply to the mitochondria. (Lecture 4)
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hitting the wall
Frage 39
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[blank_start]Diastolic blood pressure[blank_end] remains the same during exercise.
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Diastolic blood pressure
Frage 40
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Cardiac output in a trained individual is [blank_start]the same as[blank_end] cardiac output in an untrained individual.
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the same as
Frage 41
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The scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and erector spinae muscles are examples of [blank_start]inspiratory muscles[blank_end].
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inspiratory muscles
Frage 42
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[blank_start]Aerobic scope[blank_end] is VO2max / resting metabolic rate.
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Aerobic scope
Frage 43
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Cost of transport [blank_start]does not change[blank_end] with training.
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does not change
Frage 44
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Cost of transport [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with % body fat and [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with size.
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decreases
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decreases
Frage 45
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If you exercise above your VO2 max, you create a larger [blank_start]oxygen deficit[blank_end].
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oxygen deficit
Frage 46
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When [blank_start]lipids[blank_end] and carbohydrates are depleted, protein is used as fuel.
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lipids
Frage 47
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In a non-starving individual exercising at a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 85, [blank_start]1/2[blank_end] of their energy is coming from lipids.
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1/2
Frage 48
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Walking is [blank_start]more[blank_end] energy efficient than running.
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more
Frage 49
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Aerobic scope is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] for animals who are better runners.
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higher
Frage 50
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Once your rate of energy usage exceeds VO2max, you switch to [blank_start]anaerobic respiration[blank_end] and start accumulating [blank_start]lactic acid[blank_end].
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anaerobic respiration
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lactic acid
Frage 51
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In the figure above, graph A represents [blank_start]cardiac output[blank_end], which is the same regardless of training; graph B represents [blank_start]heart rate[blank_end], which is lower in trained individuals; and graph C represents [blank_start]stroke volume[blank_end], which is lower in untrained individuals.
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cardiac output
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heart rate
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stroke volume
Frage 52
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The muscle labeled 'A' is the the [blank_start]external oblique[blank_end] muscle, which is an [blank_start]expiratory[blank_end] muscle.
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external oblique
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expiratory
Frage 53
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The black line, representing [blank_start]available ATP[blank_end] is the first fuel source used; the blue line, representing [blank_start]PCr (phosphocreatine)[blank_end] is the secondary fuel source; the purple line [blank_start]glycolysis[blank_end] is the tertiary fuel source. [blank_start]Oxydative phosphorylation[blank_end], represented by the red line, takes a time to start producing energy, but is more sustainable.
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available ATP
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PCr (phosphocreatine)
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glycolysis
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Oxydative phosphorylation
Frage 54
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The slope of this line is [blank_start]net cost of transport[blank_end].
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net cost of transport
Frage 55
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Graph [blank_start]B[blank_end] is likely to be more accurate because it controlled for more variables than did graph [blank_start]A[blank_end].
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B
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A
Frage 56
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[blank_start]Diffusion rate[blank_end], represented by the red line on the graph, doesn’t change as body mass changes.
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Diffusion rate
Frage 57
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This graph is known as a [blank_start]Kleiber curve[blank_end].
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Kleiber curve
Frage 58
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Hemoglobin oxygen affinity goes [blank_start]down[blank_end] when temperature is increased.
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down
Frage 59
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In individuals who exercise regularly, total peripheral resistance [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] and the number of capillary beds around the lungs [blank_start]increases[blank_end].
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decreases
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increases
Frage 60
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The unlabeled structures in the image to the left are [blank_start]Alveoli[blank_end].
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Alveoli
Frage 61
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If you exercise close to your VO2 max, you’re burning primarily [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end].
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glycogen
Frage 62
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In a condition known as [blank_start]Pulmonary Edema[blank_end] diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillaries is impaired by some of the alveoli filling with fluid.
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Pulmonary Edema
Frage 63
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[blank_start]Asthma[blank_end] is a disease treated with leukotriene inhibitors, inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilator drugs.
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Asthma
Frage 64
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In the image to the left: The blank is pointing to a collection of [blank_start]aortic bodies[blank_end]
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aortic bodies
Frage 65
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[blank_start]Anemic hypoxia[blank_end] occurs when arterial PO2 is normal but the total oxygen content of the blood is decreased because of inadequate numbers of erythrocytes, deficient or abnormal hemoglobin or competition for the hemoglobin molecule by carbon monoxide.
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Anemic hypoxia
Frage 66
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A group of sensory receptors that are stimulated by strenuous exercise, pulmonary embolism or left ventricular heart failure are known as [blank_start]J receptors[blank_end].
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J receptors
Frage 67
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[blank_start]Squamous cell carcinoma[blank_end] makes up 20% to 40% of all lung cancer cases and arises in the bronchial epithelium.
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Squamous cell carcinoma
Frage 68
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[blank_start]Obstructive Emphysema[blank_end] is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and deterioration of the alveolar walls. This inflammation leads to damage of the pulmonary capillaries.
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Obstructive Emphysema
Frage 69
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The unlabeled structure in the image to the left is [blank_start]ventral respiratory group[blank_end].
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ventral respiratory group
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