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[blank_start]Distribution[blank_end] is the most challenging and complex part of marketing.
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For most products, distribution accounts for about [blank_start]10[blank_end] percent of total marketing costs.
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Distribution is one of the [blank_start]oldest[blank_end] and [blank_start]important[blank_end] parts of marketing.
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Because a free enterprise economy is based on the matching of [blank_start]production and consumption[blank_end], distribution is essential to the effectiveness of free enterprise.
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Distribution as a part of the marketing mix involves [blank_start]locations and methods[blank_end] used to make the product available to customers.
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The success of a product or a business is usually influenced by many other [blank_start]businesses[blank_end].
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A producer has to be concerned about where the product is produced, and where it will be [blank_start]sold or used[blank_end].
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The oldest and most basic part of marketing is [blank_start]distribution[blank_end].
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The amount of satisfaction a consumer receives from the consumption of a particular product or service is [blank_start]economic utility[blank_end].
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Businesses that apply the marketing concept will fail if each company involved in distribution does not follow the [blank_start]marketing plan.[blank_end]
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All of the following are distribution decisions except
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When will each activity occur?
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What characteristics of the product or service will affect distribution?
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Who is responsible for planning and managing the distribution process?
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What aspects of the distibution process will be described in promotional efforts?
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All products and services require a [blank_start]channel of distribution[blank_end].
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What producers develop and what customers need often [blank_start]differ.[blank_end]
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A [blank_start]channel of distribution[blank_end] accumulates products from a number of manufacturers and makes them available in one location to give consumers adequate choice and variety.
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A channel of distribution is necessary to move the [blank_start]product[blank_end] from the place where it is produced to the place where it will be consumed.
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Most businesses sell their products to a [blank_start]large[blank_end] number of customers who purchase the quantity they need for personal consumption.
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A [blank_start]direct channel of distribution[blank_end] is most often selected when consumers are located in a small geographic area.
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Channel management is most effective when members work [blank_start]cooperatively[blank_end].
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When products and services are exchanged, they move through a [blank_start]channel of distribution.[blank_end]
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In the exchange between [blank_start]producer and consumer,[blank_end] each channel member may be responsible for completing some of the marketing functions in addition to distribution.
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Managing a channel of distribution is the responsibility of the [blank_start]channel captain[blank_end].
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The technology that allows for the efficient exchange of information among departments in a company is known as [blank_start]EDI[blank_end].
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The [blank_start]marketing functions[blank_end] can be shifted or shared, but they cannot be eliminated in a channel of distribution.
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Wholesalers do not work as frequently with [blank_start]final consumers[blank_end] as they do with manufacturers and retailers.
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The advantage of [blank_start]wholesalers[blank_end] is that they can sometimes complete the distribution activities at a lower cost than either manufacturers or retailers.
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[blank_start]Wholesalers[blank_end] accumulate the products of many manufacturers, develop appropriate assortments for their customers, and distribute products to them.
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Small and medium-sized businesses use wholesalers because they need effective [blank_start]purchasing and distribution[blank_end] methods to compete with large businesses.
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Export and import firms are examples of [blank_start]international wholesalers.[blank_end]
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Wholesalers can use technology to provide [blank_start]marketing information management[blank_end] services to their customers.
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A wholesaler becomes part of a channel of distribution when
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there are too many retailers for a manufacturer to serve efficiently
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a retailer works with a large number of producers
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the wholesaler is able to complete a large number of marketing tasks that manufacturers or retailers do not want to perform
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all of the above
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A wholesale member club targets
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Wholesale businesses owned by producers or retailers to provide distribution services to members are known as [blank_start]wholesale cooperatives.[blank_end]
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Primary customers of [blank_start]retailers[blank_end] are individuals purchasing to meet their own needs.
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Retailers purchase products from [blank_start]wholesalers and manufacturers.[blank_end]
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[blank_start]Retailers[blank_end] store large amounts of inventory of products so customers will have a variety of product choices and ready availability if they decide to purchase.
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[blank_start]Mixed merchandise retailers[blank_end] offer a wide variety of choices from many product categories.
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Businesses that offer services as their primary business are considered to be [blank_start]retailers.[blank_end]
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[blank_start]Non-store retailing[blank_end] involves selling directly to the consumer at home rather than requiring the consumer to travel to a store.
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Because retailers must appeal to all types of consumers, they try to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the amount of technology used in the business.
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An important way of categorizing retailers is by the types of [blank_start]products[blank_end] offered.
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The owner of a franchise that develops a basic business plan and operating procedures for the business is the [blank_start]franchiser[blank_end].
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The elements of the shopping environment that are appealing to customers, attract them to a store, and encourage them to buy are known as [blank_start]atmospherics.[blank_end]
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Retailers offering products from on merchandise category or closely related items are [blank_start]limited-line retailers.[blank_end]
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Another name for physical distribution is [blank_start]logistics.[blank_end]
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Physical distribution includes transportation, storage, and [blank_start]product handling[blank_end] as the product moves through the channel of distribution.
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Products are often grouped into large units for [blank_start]transportation[blank_end] and then divided into smaller units for display, sale, storage, or use.
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[blank_start]Railroads[blank_end] are particularly useful for carrying a large quantity of heavy, bulky, products that need to be delivered quickly.
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[blank_start]Air transportation[blank_end] is the best choice for delivering products long distances rapidly.
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[blank_start]Pipelines[blank_end] are expensive to construct and can be difficult to maintain.
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Most products are delivered from the manufacturer to the final customer using [blank_start]multiple transportation methods[blank_end].
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An [blank_start]inventory control system[blank_end] should identify how much of each product is being sold and how rapidly.
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The most flexible major transportation method is [blank_start]trucks.[blank_end]
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A facility used to accumulate products from several sources and then regroup, repackage, and send them as quickly as possible to the locations where they will be used is a [blank_start]distribution center.[blank_end]