8550111
Beschreibung
Quiz von Courtney Westerberg, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Courtney Westerberg
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Frage 1
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The goal of Chapter 2 is to
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Provide a strategy for creating ideas, research, and planning research design.
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Contrast theoretical frameworks
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Teaching researchers how to match research to social laws.
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Create a basis for statistical data analysis.
Frage 2
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Systems of logical statements that explain the relationship between two or more variables are
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Theories
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Propositions
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Concepts
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Hypotheses
Frage 3
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A nurse observes other nurses coming to work inebriated, and wonders what might be causing employees of this profession to be coming to work under the influence. The nurse searches online for terms including “drunk nurses” and “alcohol abuse among healthcare workers” to gain knowledge. She seeks to confirm her idea that stress leads nurses to drink by sifting through previous studies. What research model is this an example of?
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Research-before-theory
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Theory-before-research
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Linear progression
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None of the above
Frage 4
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A sampling technique that is not widely generalizable, but can provide rich descriptions of a target population, is
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Purposive Sampling
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Convenience Sampling
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Snowball sampling
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Quota Sampling
Frage 5
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When creating a concept map, the connections between concepts are represented by ______.
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Modes
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Labels
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Lines
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Descriptions
Frage 6
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Milo wants to survey college freshmen about their alcohol use. He stands outside of a fraternity house and surveys people entering the house. This situation is an example of
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Accidental sampling
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Purposive sampling
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Snowball sampling
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Quota sampling
Frage 7
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When locating sources for a literature review, the researcher should be wary of which source?
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Databases
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Periodicals
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Books
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Internet references
Frage 8
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The research model that Lune/Berg advocate is the ________ approach.
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Research-before-theory
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Theory-before-research
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Linear progression
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Spiral model
Frage 9
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A pitfall of Internet based research is ________.
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Lack of legitimacy and missed physical journal resources.
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Fast results
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Incomplete cross referencing
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Enormous amount of data
Frage 10
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The phase in data analysis in which you make your work worthwhile and complete by adding it to the existing body of knowledge is data display.
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- True
- False
Frage 11
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A sampling technique that requires every element of the entire population studied to be enumerated is simple random sampling.
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- True
- False
Frage 12
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Social scientists have an ethical obligation to the population they study because _______.
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they study human subjects
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they use quantitative data collection methods
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they have no influence on policy and law
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they have no risk of inflicting physical or emotional harm to subjects
Frage 13
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Researchers may be led to breach the code of ethics when ________.
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they have planned carefully during research design
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their study does not break any laws
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they have excess funding to use
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they have thought deeply about risks to subjects
Frage 14
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The doctrine that established principles for ethical research, especially that subjects must voluntarily consent to participate, is the _______.
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Nuremberg Code
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National Research Act
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Buckley Amendment
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Privacy Acts of 1974
Frage 15
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The mandate that limited access to official records identifying an individual and prohibited release of personal information to anyone else without the written consent of the individual is the ___________.
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Family Educational Rights to Privacy Act
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National Research Act
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Privacy Acts of 1974
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U.S. Surgeon General Statement for Public Health Service Research
Frage 16
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A researcher wishes to study behavior in a kindergarten classroom. The researcher sends home permission slips to parents informing them of the study being conducted, with a statement asking parents to return a form refusing their child's participation in the study. The research includes all students in the research for whom parents did not return the refusal form. This is an example of _____.
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informed consent
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active consent
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passive consent
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ethical violation
Frage 17
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When a researcher secretly studies research subjects without informing them of the research it is called ______.
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nonparticipant observation
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covert observation
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incomplete participant observation
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overt observation
Frage 18
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An overt researcher role in which the researcher does not engage in activities of the group, but formally watches their behavior often over the course of s single visit, is called complete participant.
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- True
- False
Frage 19
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Which is NOT a reason that plagiarism occurs?
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The source said it better than I could have
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Writing ideas created from reading a text
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Running out of time
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Writing from notes and unable to distinguish original thought from text
Frage 20
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Which is NOT a purpose of section headings in a paper?
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Making a witty remark
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Indicating general level of importance
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Orienting the reader
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Announcing major divisions of the text
Frage 21
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Which heading level is used to designate a major section of the text, and signal to the reader that the text is about to shift gears or introduce a new topic?
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A Head
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B head
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C head
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D head
Frage 22
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Which heading level is written flush to the left, has the first letter of each word capitalized, and categorizes or explains information relevant to a major topical area?
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A head
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B head
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C head
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D head
Frage 23
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Which section of a research paper orients the reader to the study and the paper, and acquaints the reader with the basic research question or problem in clear and concise statement sentences?
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Title
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Literature review
Frage 24
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Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
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Title
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Literature Review
Frage 25
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Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
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Title
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Literature Review
Frage 26
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Which section of a research paper presents what the data say, and offers interpretations of the meaning of and an analysis of the data?
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Methodology
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References, notes, and/or appendices
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Discussion and/or conclusions
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Findings or results
Frage 27
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Which part of a methodology section explains the way information was collected (e.g., interviews, focus groups, etc.), and how it was collected so another researcher can potentially replicate the method?
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Analysis techniques
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Subjects
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Data
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Setting
Frage 28
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Which writing pitfall obscures whom the subject and recipient of the action is in the sentence?
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Date stamping
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Passive voice
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Vague referrals
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Long run-on sentences
Frage 29
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What is another name for an interviewee, or the person being asked the questions in an interview?
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Interrogatee
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Informant
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Candidate
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Applicant
Frage 30
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Which of the options below is not a typical interview structure?
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Semistandardized interview
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Standardized interview
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Creative interview
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Unstandardized interview
Frage 31
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When an interviewer is fairly certain about the information he/she will uncover with the questions, a(n) _______ structure is useful.
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semistandardized interview
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standardized interview
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creative interview
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unstandardized interview
Frage 32
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When a researcher plans certain topics, but leaves the flow of the conversation open to follow the responses of the interviewee, he/she is using a(n) ______________ structure.
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semistandardized interview
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standardized interview
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creative interview
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unstandardized interview
Frage 33
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When a researcher assumes that the interview should have standard questions adapted to mirror the subjects' vocabularies and perspectives, and seeks to accommodate the varying interpretation of questions in the interview, this is a(n) _______ structure.
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semistandardized interview
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standardized interview
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creative interview
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unstandardized interview
Frage 34
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A question that asks a person to respond simultaneously to two issues in a single question, creating a false dichotomy creating the idea that the response must be one of the other, not both, is a(n) _____.
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double-barreled question
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overly complex question
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affectively worded question
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overly simplified question
Frage 35
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When a researcher uses visual cues to evaluate respondent reaction to questions and types data into a laptop, it is called Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
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- True
- False
Frage 36
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A facilitator who works to draw out feelings and ideas of the member of the focus group is called a(n) _______.
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interviewer
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informant
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moderator
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interested listener
Frage 37
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When several members of the group jump on board for a particular idea or series of comments about a given idea, attitude, or belief as a result of subgroup pressure, this is called __________.
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peer pressure
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moderation
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synergistic group effect
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group think
Frage 38
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Focus group data that reflect the collective notions shared and negotiated by a group are ______________.
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collective brainstorms
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group data
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synergistic group effects
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group think
Frage 39
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Points of agreement within the group refers to ____________.
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consensus
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dissensus
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resonance
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group think
Frage 40
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The first person to write an article on the use of focus groups, or focused interview was
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Y.R. Zarchin
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Paul Lazarsfeld
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C. L. Adler
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Robert K. Merton
Frage 41
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Which technique is most effective at revealing deep level biographical experiences of a person's group?
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Focus groups
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Unobtrusive measures
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Face-to-face interviewing
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Participant observation
Frage 42
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What is the data collection instrument of a focus group called?
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Question list
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Survey
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Moderator's guide
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Group activity list
Frage 43
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Field research on the cultural dimensions of organizations is called ____________.
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street ethnography
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organizational ethnography
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medical ethnography
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ethnography
Frage 44
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A field research study conducted by nurses is called _________________.
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street ethnography
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organizational ethnography
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medical ethnography
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ethnography
Frage 45
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A practice placing researchers in the midst of whatever it is they study where they can examine various phenomena as perceived by participants and represent these observations as accounts is called _____________.
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street ethnography
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organizational ethnography
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medical ethnography
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ethnography
Frage 46
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The understanding of a social environment from an outsider position is called __________. This is the perspective created in the researcher's analysis, products of interpretations of meaning, theoretical and analytic explanations, and understandings of symbols as mediated through the researcher.
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thick description
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subjective soaking
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emic view
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etic view
Frage 47
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A research endeavor that focuses on particular incisions at particular points in the larger setting, group, or institution that are thought to represent salient elements in the lives of participants and in turn, in the life of the larger group or institution is called ___________.
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new ethnography
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macroethnography
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microethnography
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ethnonursing research
Frage 48
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Which is NOT a characteristic common to action research?
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Collaboration
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Independence
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Reflection
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Participation
Frage 49
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The action research phase in which the researcher creates a plan to improve the lives of the participants is called ___________.
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Planning
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Looking
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Thinking
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Action
Frage 50
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The phase of action research in which the researcher assists the people in the research population with examining their situation and recognizing their problems is ____________.
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Gathering the Information to Answer the Questions
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Identifying the Research Question(s)
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Analyzing and Interpreting the Information
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Sharing the Results with the Participants
Frage 51
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The phase of action research in which the researcher examines the data in relation to potential resolutions to the questions or problems identified during the first stage of the research process is called _________________.
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Gathering the Information to Answer the Questions
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Identifying the Research Question(s)
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Analyzing and Interpreting the Information
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Sharing the Results with the Participants
Frage 52
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In action research, the researcher seeks to produce change, which requires meetings with participants at all phases of the research process. One technique an investigator can use to keep stakeholders informed is spontaneous meetings that form in response to particular circumstances or issues. These are called ___________.
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focus groups
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in-group forums
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informal meetings
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agency
Frage 53
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During analysis of collected data, which question(s) will the researcher ask to focus in on specific actors, events, and activities that relate to the problems or issues at hand?
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What and how
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Why
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Who, where, when
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Whether
Frage 54
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A type of action research in which the researcher is apart from the group studied, identifies a problem after learning information from some practitioner involved with the population, and provides information to the practitioner to test a theoretical framework for intervention. The practitioner then communicates with the group studied. This is called the _________.
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Technical/Scientific/Collaborative Mode
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Practical/Mutual Collaborative/Deliberate Mode
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Emancipating/Enhancing/Critical Mode
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Utilization/Participation Mode
Frage 55
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The phase of photo research in which the researcher discusses the reasons why the participant took the photo, what the image means, and what the images are supposed to depict. This is the phase in which the photographer provides his or her voice to the researcher. This is called _______.
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selecting photographs
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contextualizing stories
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codifying
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capturing photographs
Frage 56
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What aspect of research do unobtrusive measures circumvent?
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Unethical practices
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Researcher bias
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Researcher reactivity
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Unsound methods
Frage 57
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Officers reading local newspapers from across the state, looking for articles about fraudulent bank checks, car thefts, certain con-games, and other patterns of criminal behaviors to create charts of cities and crimes is an example of _____________.
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science of garbology
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official documentary records
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crime analysis
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actuarial records
Frage 58
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Any type of written, drawn, or recorded (video or audio) materials produced for general or mass consumption is called _______. Examples include newspapers, books, magazines, television program transcripts, videotapes, comics, maps, and blogs.
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private archives
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commercial media accounts
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actuarial records
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official documentary records
Frage 59
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Records originally produced for a special limited audience that eventually find their way into public domain, and convey important and useful information are called________. Examples of this type of record include official court transcripts, police reports, census information, financial records, crime statistics, school records, and similar documents.
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private archives
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commercial media accounts
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actuarial records
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official documentary records
Frage 60
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A type of record that is most familiar to novice researchers. It includes the span of life of an individual from his or her earliest recall to the time of writing the work, and includes descriptions of life experiences, personal insights, and anecdotal reminiscences. This is called ________.
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private archives
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comprehensive autobiography
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edited autobiography
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topical autobiography
Frage 61
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A type of record in which researchers serve as editors and commentators to eliminate any repetition
in descriptions, and shorten lengthy discourses. Researchers highlight selected segments and delete
other segments. This type of record is called ________.
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private archives
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comprehensive autobiography
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edited autobiography
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topical autobiography
Frage 62
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An underutilized type of private archival material used in research is the ___________.
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Letter
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Diary
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Autobiography
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Blog
Frage 63
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The private archival material that can be criticized for removing evidence of the text's author through writing and other practices, but contains information on the social contours of a given time, ideological orientations of a group, or self-reflections about one's activities is the ___________.
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Letter
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Diary
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Autobiography
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Blog
Frage 64
Frage
The private archival material that is geared for a dual audience, and must involve a consideration of the social roles and personal relationships of both the writer and the reader, is the___________.
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Letter
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Diary
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Autobiography
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Blog
Frage 65
Frage
The physical items left behind humans are called traces. The category of traces that are indicators that build up or accumulate over time are measures of __________.
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official documentary records
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accretion
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physical erosion
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archival strategies
Frage 66
Frage
Which term is synonymous with the word past, and refers conceptually to facts and events of long ago?
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Nostalgia
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Historical research
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Historiography
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History
Frage 67
Frage
Which term attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances, the people, meanings, events, and ideas of the past that have shaped the present?
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Nostalgia
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Historical research
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Historiography
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History
Frage 68
Frage
Which kind of source is an oral or written testimony of an event created by a person who was not immediately present at the event?
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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Quaternary
Frage 69
Frage
Which kind of source is an oral or written testimony of an event created by a person who was not immediately present at the event?
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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Quaternary
Frage 70
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When researchers are using primary source materials, they first must determine if the document or artifact is authentic and valid. What is this process called?
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External criticism
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Internal criticism
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Analysis
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Identification
Frage 71
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Propaganda that is intentionally biased to create hate toward one group would be filtered out as a genuine, but invalid source during which process?
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External criticism
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Internal criticism
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Plagiarism
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Investigator detection
Frage 72
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Which type of source is a book of facts and knowledge trivia an example of?
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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Quaternary
Frage 73
Frage
Which type of source is a girl's description in her diary of her birthday party?
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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Quaternary
Frage 74
Frage
Which kind of source is a journal article, or textbook?
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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Quaternary
Frage 75
Frage
Which type of source is a drawing of a disaster site created by an artist watching the event?
Antworten
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Primary
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Secondary
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Tertiary
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Quaternary
Frage 76
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A technique that allows the researcher to gain access to the day-to-day accounts of real people without a filter from the "official" perspective and without limits to the class in power is called __________.
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External criticism
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Internal criticism
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Oral history
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Identification
Frage 77
Frage
A Web site run by a nonprofit company that seeks to identify and archive billions of Web pages to help researchers seek historical information on a variety of topics and areas is called ____.
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Internet Archive
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Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer's Project
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What Did You Do in the War, Grandma?
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Hogan Jazz Archive
Frage 78
Frage
When do case studies take place?
Antworten
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Prior to a staged event to observe planning dynamics
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During a naturally occurring social event
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During a staged event planned by researchers
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After the event occurs
Frage 79
Frage
A case study requires a deep and full examination of the case through ___________.
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only primary sources
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multiple methods and/or sources
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deep detailed interviewing
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only secondary and tertiary sources
Frage 80
Frage
The process by which people understand the stimuli with which they are confronted, how they frame what they see and hear, and how they interpret their own actions and go about solving problems is called _________.
Antworten
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case study
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sensemaking
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embedded case study
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ethnobiography
Frage 81
Frage
Which researcher quality can be tested by a researcher's openness to findings that contradict the original research hypothesis?
Antworten
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inquiring mind
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Ability to listen and sense
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adaptability
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unbiased interpretation
Frage 82
Frage
Which researcher quality indicates that the researcher is willing to ask questions before, during, and after data collection to determine the true reasons the event is happening?
Antworten
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Inquiring mind
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Ability to listen and sense
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Understanding of the issues
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Unbiased interpretation
Frage 83
Frage
Which researcher quality allows the researcher to record data while interpreting and reacting to the data collected?
Antworten
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Inquiring mind
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Ability to listen and sense
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Understanding of the issues
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Unbiased interpretation
Frage 84
Frage
Which type of personal document can provide insight into the writer's deepest thoughts such as why a battle is fought, or why serial killers kill through reflecting the inner world of the writer communicated to another?
Antworten
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Diary
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Letter
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Memo
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Photo and video
Frage 85
Frage
Which type of personal document requires analysis to determine why it is recorded, and then can provide a window into personal life and relationships?
Antworten
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Diary
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Letter
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Memo
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Photo and video
Frage 86
Frage
Which type of case study involves extensive research of several instrumental cases intended to allow better understanding, insight, or improved ability to theorize about a broader context?
Antworten
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Embedded case study
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Intrinsic case study
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Instrumental case study
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Collective case study
Frage 87
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A researcher undertakes a case study because something important has happened, and he/she wants to understand the particular problem because it is unique and interesting. The researcher is not trying to develop new grounded theory or to test abstract theory. Which type of case study is this example of?
Antworten
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Embedded case study
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Intrinsic case study
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Instrumental case study
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Collective case study
Frage 88
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Which research design may be seen as a prelude to a large social scientific study, which may or may not involve case studies?
Antworten
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Exploratory case study
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Explanatory case study
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Descriptive case study
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Embedded case study
Frage 89
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Which research design uses pattern-matching techniques to examine a plurality of influences in a case study with the goal of analyzing the many factors that build a causal explanation for the case?
Antworten
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Exploratory case study
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Explanatory case study
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Descriptive case study
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Embedded case study
Frage 90
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Which type of case study is a set of multiple case studies of the same entity using a multi-design approach to provide a holistic view of the dynamics of the research subject?
Antworten
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Snapshot case study
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Longitudinal case study
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Pre–post case study
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Patchwork case study
Frage 91
Frage
Which type of case study investigates one research entity at multiple points in time?
Antworten
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Snapshot case study
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Longitudinal case study
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Pre–post case study
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Comparative case study
Frage 92
Frage
What is a careful, detailed, systematic examination and interpretation of a particular body of material in an effort to identify patterns, themes, biases, and meanings?
Antworten
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Content analysis
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Interpretative approaches
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Social anthropological approaches
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Collaborative approaches
Frage 93
Frage
Which involves a researcher working with subjects within the established research setting to accomplish a change or action?
Antworten
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Content analysis
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Interpretative approaches
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Social anthropological approaches
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Collaborative approaches
Frage 94
Frage
Which content analysis technique involves coding categories derived from the raw data itself, in order to generate theories, or theoretically connected explanations the document under analysis?
Antworten
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Directed content analysis
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Summative content analysis
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Conventional content analysis
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Narrative content analysis
Frage 95
Frage
Which content analysis technique involves beginning with existing words and phrases from the raw data, and then extending the exploration to understand latent meanings and themes apparent in the data?
Antworten
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Directed content analysis
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Summative content analysis
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Conventional content analysis
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Narrative content analysis
Frage 96
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Which is the term for elements that describe the physically present and countable elements of data content?
Antworten
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Manifest content
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Evident content
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Latent content
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Concealed content
Frage 97
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Manifest content is comparable to the ________ present in the message.
Antworten
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surface structure
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hidden structure
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deep structural meaning
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thick description
Frage 98
Frage
Which piece of communication should be analyzed in terms of explicit themes, relative emphasis on various topics, and the amount of space or time devoted to certain topics?
Antworten
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Audience
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Announcement
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Sender
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Message
Frage 99
Frage
Which term describes the categories revealed during coding of the text that look beyond the conscious perspective of the speaker to pull in a broader understanding of the social scientific knowledge base?
Antworten
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Ideological stances
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Sociological constructs
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In vivo codes
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Communication themes
Frage 100
Frage
Which unit of analysis counts the number of times a specific person is mentioned in the data?
Antworten
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Semantics
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Characters
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Concepts
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Items
Frage 101
Frage
Which unit of analysis measures clusters of words around a certain idea, that is typically a variable in the research hypothesis?
Antworten
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Semantics
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Characters
-
Concepts
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Items
Frage 102
Frage
Which term describes labels used by members of certain areas to distinguish among things, persons, and events using jargonized terms that may reflect out-group versus in-group classifications?
Antworten
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Theoretical classes
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Concept classes
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Special classes
-
Common classes
Frage 103
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12. Which type of coding is designed to inquire widely to include many coding categories carefully and minutely to ensure theoretical grounding later on during the research analysis?
Antworten
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Open coding
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Coding by topic
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Descriptive coding
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Analytic coding
Frage 104
Frage
Which type of coding is the second type according to Morse and Richards, and involves gathering material by topic group?
Antworten
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Open coding
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Coding by topic
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Descriptive coding
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Analytic coding
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