Semester 2 Chem Review

The separate oxidation and reduction equations are called [blank_start]half-reactions[blank_end].

Electrons are [blank_start]rarely[blank_end] found unattached to atoms. Thus, for one element or compound to lose electrons and be [blank_start]oxidized[blank_end], another element or compound must be there to gain the electrons and be [blank_start]reduced[blank_end]. In other words, [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] (loss of electrons) must be accompanied by [blank_start]reduction[blank_end] (gain of electrons).

In single-displacement reactions, atoms of one element in a compound are displaced (or replaced) by atoms from a(n) [blank_start]pure element[blank_end].

What is the oxidation number for H in \[H_2\]?

Classify the following reaction: \[Zn(C_2H_3O_2)_2(aq) + Na_2S(aq) --> ZnS(s) + 2 NaC_2H_3O_2(aq)\]

Another factor that affects the actual yield is a reaction's rate. Sometimes a reaction is so [blank_start]slow[blank_end] that it has not reached the maximum yield by the time the product is isolated.

If a calculation calls for you to convert from an amount of one substance in a given chemical reaction to the corresponding amount of another substance participating in the same reaction, it is an equation [blank_start]stoichiometry[blank_end] problem.

Molarity (abbreviated M) is defined as moles of [blank_start]solute[blank_end] per liter of [blank_start]solution[blank_end].

There are many reasons why the actual yield in a reaction might be less than the theoretical yield. One key reason is that many chemical reactions are significantly [blank_start]reversible[blank_end].

Even if 100% of the limiting reactant proceeds to products, usually the product still needs to be [blank_start]separated[blank_end] from the other components in the product mixture (excess reactants, products of side reactions, and other impurities). This process generally leads to some loss of product.

The particles in a gas are constantly colliding with the walls of the container and with each other. Because of these collisions, the gas particles are constantly changing their direction of [blank_start]motion[blank_end] and their [blank_start]velocity[blank_end].

Each time a gas particle collides with and ricochets off one of the walls of its container, it exerts a(n) [blank_start]force[blank_end] against the wall. The sum of the forces of these ongoing collisions of gas particles against all the container's interior walls creates a continuous pressure upon those walls.

The particles of an ideal gas are assumed to be [blank_start]point-masses[blank_end], that is, particles that have a mass but occupy no volume.

There are [blank_start]760[blank_end] mmHg per atm.

If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is greater than 1.7, we expect the bond between them to be [blank_start]ionic[blank_end].

Weaker attractions between particles lead to a(n) [blank_start]higher[blank_end] rate of evaporation.

The higher an element's electronegativity, the greater its ability to [blank_start]attract[blank_end] electrons from other elements.

The temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid equals 1 atmosphere is called its normal [blank_start]boiling point[blank_end].

Nonpolar substances are likely to dissolve in [blank_start]nonpolar solvents[blank_end].

Decane, \[C_{10}H_{22}\], would be expected to be soluble in hexane.

Soap helps to clean a greasy dish by

The compound decane, \[C_{10}H_{22}\], is

If more than 10 grams of a substance will dissolve in 100 milliliters (or 100 g) of solvent, the substance is considered [blank_start]soluble[blank_end].

If more than [blank_start]10[blank_end] grams of substance will dissolve in 100 milliliters (or 100 g) of solvent, the substance is considered soluble.

If we need to predict the relative water solubility of two similar molecules, we can expect the one with the proportionally [blank_start]larger[blank_end] polar portion to have higher water solubility.

Substances composed of [blank_start]small[blank_end] polar molecules are usually soluble in water.

When two liquids mix in any proportion without any limit to their solubility, they are called [blank_start]miscible[blank_end].

The net rate of solution depends on three factors: [blank_start]surface area of the solute[blank_end], degree of agitation or stirring, and temperature.

[blank_start]amine[blank_end] have the following general structure. (Type the word that best completes this sentence. Do not type any spaces.) \[R1--NH_2\]

Identify each of the following: (a) glucose [blank_start]monosaccharide[blank_end] (b) amylopectin [blank_start]polysaccharide[blank_end] (c) lactose [blank_start]disaccharide[blank_end]

Is the following a pair of isomers or different representations of the same thing? [blank_start]Isomers[blank_end]

Is the following a pair of isomers or different representations of the same thing? [blank_start]Isomers[blank_end]

Is the following a pair of isomers or different representations of the same thing? [blank_start]The same thing[blank_end]

[blank_start]polymer[blank_end] are large molecules composed of repeating units. (Type the word that best completes this sentence. Do not type any spaces.)

The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach. The [blank_start]acidic[blank_end] conditions there weaken the links that maintain the protein molecules' tertiary structure. This process is called [blank_start]denaturation[blank_end], because the loss of tertiary structure causes a corresponding loss of the protein's "natural" function.

Starches and cellulose are polysaccharides.

An [blank_start]ester[blank_end] has the following general structure. (Type the word that best completes this sentence. Do not type any spaces.)

The following structure represents a(n) [blank_start]alkyne[blank_end].

When a(n) [blank_start]small section[blank_end] of an organic molecule is largely responsible for the molecule's chemical and physical characteristics, that section is called a functional group.

When an atom undergoes positron emission, the mass number (or nucleon number) of the resulting atom [blank_start]stays the same[blank_end].

Because the amount of energy [blank_start]released[blank_end] when a nucleus is formed is a reflection of the strength with which nucleons are bound, it is called the atom's binding energy.

There appears to be something stable about having 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, or 126 protons or neutrons. The nuclides with [blank_start]double magic numbers[blank_end] have very high stability.

When an atom undergoes alpha emission, the mass number (or nucleon number) of the resulting atom [blank_start]decreases by 4[blank_end].

It takes about [blank_start]10,000[blank_end] times as much energy to remove a proton or a neutron from the nucleus of a hydrogen-2 atom as to remove its one electron.

[blank_start]Beta particles[blank_end] from a source outside the body can penetrate the outer layers of the skin, but they will be stopped before they reach the vital organs.

Free radicals are less reactive than other molecules.

For atoms [blank_start]smaller than[blank_end] iron-56, energy is released when smaller atoms combine to form larger ones.

For atoms [blank_start]larger than[blank_end] iron-56, splitting larger atoms to form more stable, smaller atoms releases energy.

Polonium-210 is used in radiation therapy. (a) What is its atomic number and mass number. atomic number [blank_start]84[blank_end] mass number [blank_start]210[blank_end] (b) How many protons and how many neutrons are in the nucleus of each atom? protons [blank_start]84[blank_end] neutrons [blank_start]126[blank_end]

Classify each of the following as organic or inorganic (not organic) compounds. (a) hexane, \[C_6H_{14}\], in gasoline [blank_start]organic[blank_end] (b) water, \[H_2O\], in your body [blank_start]inorganic[blank_end] (c) ethyl butanoate, \[CH_3CH_2CH_2CO_2CH_2CH_3\], in a pineapple [blank_start]also organic[blank_end]