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Quiz von Rachel Pointer, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Rachel Pointer
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Frage 1
Frage
Which of these is the modern, formal definition of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Psychology is the study of psychological disorders and treatment
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Psychology is as much an art as a science
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Psychology today studies only cognition and emotion
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Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Frage 2
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Which of these are among the five enduring issues in psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
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person-situation
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opportunity-disenfranchisement
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friends-family
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youth-age
Frage 3
Frage
A(n) _____ is a specific, testable prediction derived from a theory. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
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experiment
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scientific method
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hypothesis
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phenomenon
Frage 4
Frage
You want to answer the question, "Do opposites really attract?" As a critical thinker using the scientific method, it is most important that you do which of the following? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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If data conflict, go with the largest data set
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Try to simplify things as much as possible
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Be skeptical of self-reports as they may be biased
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Collect a large number of self-reports
Frage 5
Frage
Which of these disciplines falls under the heading of developmental psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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child psychologist
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clinical psychologist
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industrial/organizational psychologist
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attending psychologist
Frage 6
Frage
The emergence of psychology as a science in the 1900s can be seen as having occurred in the following three stages: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Freudian, Humanistic, Behavioral
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animism, dualism, table rasa
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emergence of science, behaviorism, cognitive behaviorism
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science of the mind, the behaviorist decades, the cognitive revolution
Frage 7
Frage
What are the three basic elements of consciousness according to Edward Bradford Tutchener? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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race, culture, and ethnicity
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physical sensations, feelings, and images
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the id, the ego, and the super ego
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emotions, actions, and thoughts
Frage 8
Frage
Which of these questions is most likely to be of interest to an evolutionary psychologist? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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How can someone best cope with the loss of a parent?
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Do stereotypical roles have a role in promoting the survival of the species?
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What effect does alcohol abuse have on adolescent brain development?
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How can a store manager learn to increase productivity among her staff?
Frage 9
Frage
What changes brought about the reopening of the study of things we cannot observe directly, like thoughts, by the science of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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The theories of the behaviorists were proved wrong
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It was proven that the unconscious mind is what shapes us
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New research methods made the scientific study of mental processes possible
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The public did not like the focus of behavior alone
Frage 10
Frage
Understanding how and why groups differ in their values, behaviors, approaches to the world, thought processes, and responses to situations --in other words, understanding _____, gives us tools to reduce interpersonal tensions. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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diversity
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genetics
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universal features
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innate behavior
Frage 11
Frage
Scott was born and raised as Emily, a healthy female, but has lived and identified as a man ever since he was a teenager. While Scott hasn't undergone gender reassignment surgery, he uses male pronouns to refer to himself and doesn't disclose his trans identity except to potential romantic partners. Most of his classmates and colleagues assume he is biologically male. Scott's _____ is female, and his _____ is male. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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culture; sex
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heritage; gender
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sex; gender
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gender; identity
Frage 12
Frage
Which of the following is a reason why feminist theory has been important in expanding traditional psychological theories?(Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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It has led to the understanding that gender is fixed
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It has helped reinforce traditional gender roles so that psychologists can focus on other topics
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It has led to the understanding that men and women are so similar that it's easy to apply knowledge about one gender to the experiences of another
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It examines similarities and differences and puts a spotlight on gender stereotypes
Frage 13
Frage
Whose classic work, Sex and Temperment in Three Primitive Societies, is still cited as evidence that definitions of masculinity and femininity are not biological givens? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Mary Cover Jones
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Carol Gilligan
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Margaret Mead
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Mamie Clark
Frage 14
Frage
Which of these is a major benefit of naturalistic observation as a research method? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Researchers don't need to be specially trained to learn how to observe their enviorment
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Naturalistic observation has the least risk of observer bias
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Researchers tend to record all of what they see, so potentially relevant details are not likely to be overlooked
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The behavior observed in everyday life is likely to be more natural, spontanious, and varied than that observed in a laboratory
Frage 15
Frage
Why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect ? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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When one variable causes another, that doesn't mean that the variables are necessarily related, only that they occur in tandem
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Two variables can be related to each other, but that does not imply that one causes the other
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Studies that look for cause and effect run the risk of asking leading questions, which yeild unreliable results
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Correlated variables are not statistically significant
Frage 16
Frage
In an experiment, the _____ variable is measured to see ho it is changed by manipulations in the _____ variables. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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dependent; independent
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control; experimental
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experimental; control
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independent; dependent
Frage 17
Frage
In an experiment, to test the effects of sleep deprivation on test performance, a researcher who manipulates the amount of sleep that participants get is controlling the _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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control group
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independent variable
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experimental group
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dependent variable
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following is part of the American Psychological Association (APA) code of ethics regarding psychological experiments? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Deception about the goals of the research can never be used
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Participants in research studies must be 18 or older
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Participants must be informed about the nature of the research only when the experiment's methods are potentially harmful
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Deception about the goals of the research can be used only when absolutely necessary to the integrity of the research
Frage 19
Frage
According to the APA code of ethics, are researchers who use animals in experiments ever allowed to subject those animals to pain or stress? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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No, the APA does not condone the use of animals in research in any circumstances
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Yes, but only if the animals are given appropriate anesthesia and no other procedure is available
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Yes, but only when an alternate procedure is unavailable and the goal is justified by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value
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The APA does not issue guidelines on the use of animals in research
Frage 20
Frage
Which psychologist's controversial 1963 experiment involved participants being told to administer increasingly intense shocks to other participants? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Jean Piaget
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Keneth Clark
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Al Maisto
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Stanley Milgram
Frage 21
Frage
Trina is a psychology student who plans to work with patients who are struggling with depression and anxiety. She received a PhD in psychology and is starting a one-year internship in psychotherapy. After that, she'll have one more year of supervised practice before she can open her own practice. What career path is Trina on? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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clinical psychology
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social worker
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developmental psychology
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psychiatrist
Frage 22
Frage
Mateo has been feeling very sad lately and has decided to see a mental health professional in order to receive a prescription for some antidepressant medication. He will also engage in psychotherapy with this individual. Mateo is most likely to visit a _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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psychiatrist
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health psychologist
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counseling psychology
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clinical psychologist
Frage 23
Frage
Which type of psychologist is most likely to be desirable to human resources and personnel departments? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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cognitive
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evolutionary
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indistrial/organizational
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behavioral
Frage 24
Frage
Three key terms that constitute the definition of psychology are (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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cognition, attitudes, and brain function
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therapy, behavior problems, and mental illness
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cognition, human motivation, and thinking
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scientific, behavioral, and mental processes
Frage 25
Frage
A psychologist following the scientific method would first: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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design an experiment
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make observations
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disprove invalid theories
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develop a theory
Frage 26
Frage
Critical thinkers are willing to _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
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accept the opinions of established experts in a field
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accept common knowledge
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look at similarities but not differences in a problem
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subject their own deeply held beliefs to scrutiny
Frage 27
Frage
If you believe that how you've acquired your mental and behavioral traits from your historical past is of key importance, then you're likely favoring the _____ view of psychology. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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humanistic
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cognitive
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psychodynamic
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evolutionary
Frage 28
Frage
Psychologist William James developed the theory of _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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psychodynamics
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structuralism
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functionalism
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dualism
Frage 29
Frage
If you subscribe to this school of psychology, you believe that psychology is the study of only what is observable and measurable. This historical and modern perspective is better known as _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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behaviorism
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functionalism
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psychoanalysis
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gestalt psychology
Frage 30
Frage
Alessio believes that men's and women's gender roles are the result of biological adaptions in our deep ancestry. Allesio is using theories based in _____ to explain his views on gender roles. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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gender studies
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behavioral adaption
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evolutionary psychology
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feminist theory
Frage 31
Frage
We cannot understand human behavior without also understanding: (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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that culture has little influence on human psychology
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animal cognition and behavior
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how little human diversity there is
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the influence of culture on human diversity
Frage 32
Frage
_____ is a research technique based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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a control group
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correlational research
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the experimental method
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causative research
Frage 33
Frage
Cherie is participating in a study on the sleep habits of college students. The experimenter is putting Cherie in Group A and is examining if one extra hour of sleep per night leads to 20% increase in concentration. The dependent variable in this experiment is ______. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Cherie
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level of concentration
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the participants in Group B
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one extra hour of sleep
Frage 34
Frage
DeShawn is researching the effects of brain lesions on depression. For ethical reasons, he is not able to cut into brains of study participants. What is one research method that DeShawn might consider that could shed light on this problem without violating APA ethical guidelines? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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paying volunteers more for their consent to have surgery
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performing the tests on children whose parents have given consent
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telling participants that he's actually studying productivity
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using animals as tests subjects
Frage 35
Frage
The APA code of ethics requires that researchers obtain _____ from participants, and stipulates that participants must be informed of the nature of research in clearly understandable language. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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consensus
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notified agreement
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personal information
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informed consent
Frage 36
Frage
Marlisa is a researcher who is studying brain MRIs of patients with severe anxiety. She hopes to identify exactly how brain chemistry changes during an anxiety attack. Marlisa is working in which field of psychology? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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neuropsychology
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cognitive development
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counseling psychology
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neural conditioning
Frage 37
Frage
Many students majoring in psychology want to be therapists. The career that requires a medical degree for a career as specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of behavior disorders is that of a _____. (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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psychoanalyst
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psychiatrist
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child psychologist
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clinical psychologist
Frage 38
Frage
Is there a single perspective dominating psychology today? (Chapter 1, Exam 1)
Antworten
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No. Although the emerging field of positive psychology is exciting, not many psychologists are adhering to it
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No. Psychologists are more flexible in considering new approaches and combining elements of different perspectives
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Yes. Behaviorism, as developed by John Watson, remains unchallenged as the most comprehensive psychological perspective in the early 21st century
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Yes. As the influence of Freudian psychodynamic theory declined, evolutionary psychology took its place as the dominant mode of study today
Frage 39
Frage
The _____ is the level an impulse must exceed to cause a neuron to fire. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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threshold of excitation
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graded potential
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action potential
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threshold of potential
Frage 40
Frage
Which of the following is true about dendrites? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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They carry outgoing messages to neighboring neurons
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They pick up incoming messages and transmit them to the cell body
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Some neurons have them, and some do not
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They are found in every type of cell
Frage 41
Frage
Glutamate enhances learning and memory by _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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strengthening the myelin sheath
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strengthening synaptic connections between neurons
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stimulating neurons that reside in the hindbrain
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stimulating neurons in the midbrain
Frage 42
Frage
The ______ is the tiny gab between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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vesicle
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neurotransmitter
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synaptic cleft
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terminal button
Frage 43
Frage
Why do people from different cultures develop different neural networks? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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Because people from different cultures have different levels of hormones
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Because people from different cultures have different levels of intelligence
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Because people from different cultures often have very different experiences
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Because people from different cultures have very different genes
Frage 44
Frage
Damage to the hypothalamus might result in which of the following problems? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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difficulty recognizing people's faces
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difficulty sleeping
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difficulty controlling emotions
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difficulty paying attention
Frage 45
Frage
The _____ includes the brain and the spinal cord, which together contain more than 90% of the body's neurons. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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peripheral nervous system
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limbic system
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central nervous system
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somatic nervous system
Frage 46
Frage
_____ are impairments of the ability to use or understand language. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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occipital delays
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speech impediments
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aphasias
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temporal delays
Frage 47
Frage
Which of the following is true of macroelectrode recording techniques? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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They are used to study brain waves
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They are used to map regions of the brain
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They use radioactive energy to map the brain
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They are used to study the function of single neurons
Frage 48
Frage
Which of the following is true about the spinal cord? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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It is made up of hard, bonelike bundles of dendrites
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It contains neural circuits that require input from the brain
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It is not actually connected to the brain
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It contains to major neural pathways
Frage 49
Frage
Dilated pupils and bronchi, a relaxed bladder, and an accelerated heart rate would all be attributed to the stimulation of the _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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limbic system
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endocrine system
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parasympathetic division
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sympathetic division
Frage 50
Frage
What is the main function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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to signal the body to release hormones from the pituitary gland
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to calm and relax the body after intense arousal
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to prepare the body for quick action in an emergency
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to signal the body to release hormones from the thyroid gland
Frage 51
Frage
The _____ is the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries messages between the central nervous system and the internal organs. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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sympathetic division
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autonomic nervous system
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parasympathetic division
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somatic nervous system
Frage 52
Frage
Neurons belonging to the somatic nervous system are involved in which of the following? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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making voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles
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controlling voluntary thoughts and behaviors
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controlling the involuntary activities of the internal organs
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making involuntary movements of the skeletal muscles
Frage 53
Frage
Fiona's brain is getting information about her movements and her external environment. The part of the central nervous system that is communicating this is called the _____ nervous system. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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automatic
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sensory
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autonomic
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somatic
Frage 54
Frage
Located on the underside of the brain and often called the "master gland," the _____ gland is connected to the hypothalamus and produces the largest number of different hormones. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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pituitary
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pineal
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adrenal
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thyroid
Frage 55
Frage
Jasper is late for work and decides to skip breakfast. As lunchtime draws near, he begins to feel shaky and weak, and when he gets up to go to the cafeteria for lunch, he faints. His coworkers call an ambulance, and at the hospital, tests reveal there is an unusually low amount of sugar in his blood and urine. Jasper is suffering from _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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hypoglycemia
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overactive thyroid
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melatonin overload
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diabetes mellitus
Frage 56
Frage
What is the primary responsibility of the parathyroid glands? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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to balance levels of androgens in the body
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to balance levels of acetylcholine in the body
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to balance levels of calcium and phosphate in the body
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to balance levels of thyroxin in the body
Frage 57
Frage
Which of the following secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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gonads
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pancreas
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thyroid gland
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pituitary gland
Frage 58
Frage
Which of the following releases melatonin, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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pancreas
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adrenal glands
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pineal gland
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thyroid gland
Frage 59
Frage
A recessive gene can control the appearance of a certain trait only if its _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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paired with a dominant gene
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paired with another recessive gene
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related to a physical trait
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related to intelligence
Frage 60
Frage
Which type of study assesses heritability in animals and helps determine the degree to which a trait is inherited? (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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naturalistic observation
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single-blind study
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selection study
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double-blind study
Frage 61
Frage
The human genome, or sum total of all genes necessary to build a human being, contains approximately _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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20,000 to 25,000 genes
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15,000 to 20,000 genes
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10,000 to 15,000 genes
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5,000 to 10,000 genes
Frage 62
Frage
Odessa is 37 and is pregnant with her third child. Her obstetrician tells her that her pregnancy is high risk because of her age and suggests she undergo a test to screen for genetic defects. She explains that the test involves harvesting cells from the fluid in which the fetus grows. Odessa's doctor is referring to _____. (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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gene therapy
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chorionic villus sampling
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amniocentesis
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ultrasound
Frage 63
Frage
In psychology, the idea that adaptive traits that increase survival chances will become more common in a species, as those who survive long enough will pass on the genes for those traits to more members of their species, is known as: (Chapter 2, Exam 1)
Antworten
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human social survival
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trait genetics
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evolutionary psychology
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behavioral genetics
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