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Quiz von Nicole Piatchek, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Nicole Piatchek
vor etwa 7 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Gould and Martens found that, on average, children participated for ____ hours per week in their specific sport.
Antworten
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a. 5
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b. 11
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c. 15
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d. 8
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e. 3
Frage 2
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Sport participation for youth peaks at what age?
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a. 9 years old.
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b. 14 years old.
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c. 17 years old.
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d. 12 years old.
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e. 10 years old.
Frage 3
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Which of the following statements is (are) true?
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a. Sport participation builds character.
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b. Sport participation builds leadership skills.
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c. The benefits of sport participation depend on the quality of the adult leadership.
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d. a and b
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e. none of the above
Frage 4
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Dropout rates for youth sport participants have been estimated to be about what percentage each year?
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a. 10%
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b. 20%
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c. 35%
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d. 45%
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e. 5%
Frage 5
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Which of the following is the number one reason that young athletes give for participating in school and other youth sports?
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a. to make new friends.
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b. to improve skills.
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c. to get exercise.
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d. to stay in shape.
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e. to have fun.
Frage 6
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Which is the major reason that young athletes give for dropping out of sport?
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a. other things to do.
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b. boredom.
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c. did not like the coach.
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d. did not like the pressure.
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e. not exciting enough.
Frage 7
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According to the swimming study by Gould and colleagues, what percentage of young athletes dropped out of competitive sport because of negative experiences (e.g., too much pressure, no fun)?
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a. 10%
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b. 19%
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c. 44%
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d. 28%
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e. 37%
Frage 8
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Research has indicated that participants in youth sport differ from dropouts in what psychological attribute?
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a. perceived competence
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b. trait anxiety
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c. self-esteem
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d. independence
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e. self-motivation
Frage 9
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A good way to enhance young athletes' perceptions of their abilities is to have them:
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a. focus on winning.
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b. focus on comparing their performance to that of other athletes.
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c. focus on improving their own performance.
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d. a and b
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e. none of the above
Frage 10
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The reasons given most often for participating in youth sport are"
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a. extrinsic in nature.
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b. intrinsic in nature.
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c. equally divided between intrinsic and extrinsic motives.
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d. situational in nature.
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e. personal in nature.
Frage 11
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Approximately how many children under the age of 18 are involved in school and other sport programs?
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a. 10 million.
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b. 5 million.
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c. 45 million.
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d. 1 million.
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e. 50 million.
Frage 12
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Which of the following statements regarding peer relationships is (are) true?
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a. Female participants, as compared to their male counterparts, identify emotional support as a positive aspect of friendship.
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b. Children who have more positive relationships with peers in physical activity reported more positive feelings toward physical activity.
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c. Intimacy (close personal bonds), as a positive aspect of peer friendships, was seen as less important with increasing age.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and b
Frage 13
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In reviewing the literature that had reported personal accounts of burnout among young athletes, Gould found which of the following to be important factors associated with the burnout?
Antworten
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a. overtraining.
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b. parental pressure.
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c. very high self- and other-imposed expectations.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and c
Frage 14
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The positive "sandwich" approach to correcting errors involves:
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a. positive statement, corrective feedback, positive statement.
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b. corrective feedback, positive statement, corrective feedback.
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c. positive statement, negative statement, positive statement.
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d. verbal feedback, nonverbal feedback, verbal feedback.
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e. none of the above
Frage 15
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According to recent research on early specialization and participation in competitive sport, elite athletes:
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a. start to specialize in one sport by age 5.
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b. start to specialize in one sport by age 8.
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c. start out playing many sports at an early age.
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d. start out specializing in one sport by age 10.
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e. none of the above
Frage 16
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According to the code of ethics developed by the American Sport Education Program, which of the following is NOT part of a sport parent's responsibility?
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a. Help your child set realistic performance goals.
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b. Keep winning in perspective.
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c. Discipline your child appropriately when necessary.
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d. Act as a coach as well as a parent if you know the sport.
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e. Make sure the coach is qualified to guide your child through the sport experience.
Frage 17
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According to the study by Coakley on youth sport burnout, which of the following was (were) found to be characteristic of children who have burned out in sport?
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a. They viewed themselves only as athletes.
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b. Coaches and parents made all the important decisions with little input from the young athletes.
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c. They played on a series of losing teams.
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d. a and c
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e. a and b
Frage 18
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Based on research with elite high school wrestlers and distance runners, which of the following are the two major sources of the stress experienced by junior elite athletes?
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a. fear of failure and coaches’ expectations.
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b. coaches’ expectations and feelings of inadequacy.
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c. parents’ expectations and fear of failure.
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d. fear of failure and feelings of inadequacy.
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e. parents’ expectations and feelings of inadequacy.
Frage 19
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A young athlete is "at risk" for developing heightened state anxiety if he has which of the following characteristics?
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a. low self-esteem.
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b. frequent worries about failure.
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c. low self-performance expectations.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and b
Frage 20
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According to research, which of the following statements concerning trait anxiety and young athletes is (are) true?
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a. Young athletes have only slightly elevated levels of trait anxiety.
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b. Sport participation causes high levels of trait anxiety.
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c. Sport participation produces lower levels of trait anxiety.
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d. Sport participation produces higher levels of trait anxiety only for girls.
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e. Sport participation produces higher levels of trait anxiety only for boys.
Frage 21
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Based on the research on peer friendships, what implication(s) can you draw for practice?
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a. Coaches should use an autocratic coaching style.
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b. Teamwork and group goals should be emphasized.
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c. Time should be provided for children to be with their friends.
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d. a and b
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e. b and c
Frage 22
Frage
The belief that an athlete will do the right thing when faced with a moral dilemma refers to:
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a. integrity
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b. fairness
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c. compassion
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d. morality
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e. honesty
Frage 23
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According to the levels of moral reasoning, the highest level (Level 5) is characterized by:
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a. following external rules and regulations.
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b. treating others as you would like to be treated.
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c. what is best for all involved.
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d. external control.
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e. an eye-for-an-eye orientation.
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following definitions does Martens think captures the meaning of good sporting behavior?
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a. Treat others as you would want them to treat you.
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b. There is no universally accepted definition of good sporting behavior.
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c. Act in a fair and equitable manner.
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d. Play by the rules.
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e. none of the above
Frage 25
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The structural–developmental approach to good sporting behavior focuses on:
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a. how psychological growth changes as a child interacts with the environment to shape moral reasoning.
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b. reinforcement as the key to developing moral reasoning.
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c. a behavioral model that advocates a stimulus–response approach to the development of good sporting behavior.
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d. how innate developmental factors dictate the development of good sporting behavior.
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e. none of the above
Frage 26
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Geibenk and McKenzie studied the use of social learning in a physical education setting, finding that:
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a. the use of modeling and reinforcement reduced the bad sporting behaviors of fifth-grade boys.
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b. the use of social comparison reduced bad sporting behaviors of high school wrestlers.
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c. the use of modeling was not effective in reducing bad sporting behaviors of high school football players.
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d. the use of rewards was effective in increasing good sporting behaviors in female elite gymnasts.
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e. none of the above
Frage 27
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Which of the following is (are) NOT part of social learning?
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a. modeling
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b. reinforcement
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c. social comparison
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d. attributions
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e. c and d
Frage 28
Frage
The social learning approach to good sporting behavior and moral development is best summarized by the work of:
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a. Dan Kirschenbaum
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b. Albert Bandura
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c. Kevin Burke
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d. Joan Duda
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e. Maureen Weiss
Frage 29
Frage
Character development is most facilitated by building a:
Antworten
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a. task-oriented climate.
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b. ego-oriented climate.
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c. competitive climate.
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d. high-performance climate.
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e. relationship-oriented climate.
Frage 30
Frage
The decision process whereby the rightness or wrongness of a course of action is determined is the definition of:
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a. moral development.
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b. moral behavior.
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c. moral learning.
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d. moral reasoning.
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e. none of the above
Frage 31
Frage
The lowest level of moral reasoning is characterized by:
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a. internal control.
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b. an eye for an eye.
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c. external control.
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d. conformity.
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e. the golden rule.
Frage 32
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The definition of good sporting behavior put forth by Shields and Bredemeier emphasizes which of these statements?
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a. Ethical standards will take precedence over strategic gain when these are in conflict.
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b. Treat others as you would like them to treat you.
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c. Have respect for other players, coaches, and officials.
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d. Appropriate moral development is different for different ages.
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e. Good sporting behavior is an individualized concept.
Frage 33
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In a study investigating moral development in elementary school children and the Fair Play for Kids activities, it was found that:
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a. moral development was higher for the Fair Play group than in the control condition only in physical education classes.
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b. there were no differences between the control and Fair Play groups.
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c. both Fair Play groups had higher moral development than the control group.
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d. a and c
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e. b and c
Frage 34
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In a summary of 20 years of research on moral development, Bredemeier and Shields found that:
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a. athletes have higher levels of moral development than nonathletes.
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b. males have higher levels of moral reasoning than females.
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c. athletes' game reasoning differs from reasoning used in everyday life.
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d. a and b
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e. b and c
Frage 35
Frage
A rule in youth sport might state that everyone must play in the game. However, one coach plays certain players of lower ability for only a couple of minutes each game so the team has a better chance of winning. This action violates the concept of:
Antworten
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a. fair play.
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b. good sporting behavior.
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c. character development.
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d. developmental appropriateness.
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e. character formation.
Frage 36
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According to Shields and Bredemeier, morality in sport comprises:
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a. fair play.
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b. character.
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c. good sporting behavior.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and c
Frage 37
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The process of experience and growth by which an individual develops the capacity to morally reason is the definition of:
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a. moral behavior.
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b. moral reasoning.
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c. moral development.
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d. moral learning.
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e. none of the above
Frage 38
Frage
Which of the following statements is (are) true?
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a. Participants in organized sport are less likely than nonparticipants to engage in delinquent behavior.
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b. Participants in organized sport are more likely than nonparticipants to engage in delinquent behavior.
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c. Participation in competitive sport has no relationship to delinquent behavior.
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d. Participation in organized sport only reduces delinquent behavior for middle- and upper-middle-class youths.
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e. a and d
Frage 39
Frage
Which of the following is (are) among strategies for developing resiliency in youth?
Antworten
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a. Focus on individual strengths rather than weaknesses.
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b. Link the program with the community.
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c. Build programs with large numbers to reach the most youth.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and b
Frage 40
Frage
Which of the following is not one of the levels in Hellison's levels of responsibility model?
Antworten
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a. self-direction
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b. self-appraisal
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c. self-control
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d. caring
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e. involvement
Frage 41
Frage
Some physical educators have developed programs to enhance the resiliency in "at-risk" youth. The attributes displayed by resilient youths include which of the following?
Antworten
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a. autonomy
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b. social competence
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c. optimism
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d. all of the above
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e. a and b
Frage 42
Frage
It has been proposed that sport participation can serve as an alternative to gang behavior by providing:
Antworten
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a. social support.
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b. exposure to positive role models.
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c. increased self-esteem.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and b
Frage 43
Frage
In Trulson's (1986) study investigating the use of sport involvement to reduce delinquency and aggression, it was found that:
Antworten
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a. participation in basketball and football reduced aggressive tendencies.
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b. participation in taekwondo, which emphasizes fighting and self-defense, reduced aggressive tendencies.
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c. participation in taekwondo, which emphasizes philosophical reflection and meditation, reduced aggressive tendencies.
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d. a and c
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e. b and c
Frage 44
Frage
Physical education expert Eric Larson thinks that extracurricular activities can have a positive influence on youth development because:
Antworten
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a. sport is intrinsically motivating.
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b. sport efforts are directed toward a goal over time.
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c. sport requires youth to experience setbacks and overcome challenges.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and c
Frage 45
Frage
According to the structural–developmental approach, moral reasoning depends in large part on the:
Antworten
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a. emotional development of the individual.
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b. physical development of the individual.
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c. cognitive development of the individual.
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d. psychological development of the individual.
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e. maturational development of the individual.
Frage 46
Frage
At what stage of moral development is an athlete who takes illegal performance-enhancing drugs and defends her actions by the premise that it is OK because everyone does?
Antworten
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a. external control.
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b. eye for an eye.
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c. treat others as you want them to treat you.
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d. following external rules.
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e. what is best for all involved.
Frage 47
Frage
Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE?
Antworten
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a. Developing good sporting behavior through competitive sport involvement automatically transfers to nonphysical activity.
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b. Physical educators and coaches should be teaching participants basic values such as honesty and empathy.
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c. Physical educators and coaches should teach religious values to help build moral development.
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d. a and c
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e. b and c
Frage 48
Frage
Which of the following statements is true?
Antworten
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a. Emphasizing winning undermines good sporting behavior.
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b. Emphasizing winning provides opportunities to build good sporting behavior.
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c. Emphasizing winning does not automatically have a good or bad influence on building good sporting behavior.
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d. none of the above
Frage 49
Frage
Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE?
Antworten
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a. You should define good sporting behavior in very general terms.
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b. Rationales explaining your definition of good sporting behavior should be regularly conveyed to participants.
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c. Role taking should be especially emphasized around ages 7 to 8 years.
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d. a and c
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e. a and b
Frage 50
Frage
When conveying rationales for good sporting behavior, coaches should emphasize:
Antworten
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a. why a behavior is considered good or bad.
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b. the intent of actions.
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c. role taking.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and c
Frage 51
Frage
Which of the following strategies is (are) useful for enhancing moral development and good sporting behavior?
Antworten
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a. Discuss moral dilemmas.
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b. Model appropriate behaviors.
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c. Reward good sporting behaviors and punish bad sporting behaviors.
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d. all of the above
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e. b and c
Frage 52
Frage
Research indicates that participation in sport:
Antworten
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a. increases moral development.
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b. decreases moral development.
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c. does not necessarily increase or decrease moral development.
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d. increases moral development for elite athletes.
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e. increases moral development for individual-sport athletes.
Frage 53
Frage
The social–psychological approach to studying morality in sport emphasizes:
Antworten
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a. that both personal and situational factors help determine good sporting behavior.
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b. that social factors are the key to developing good sporting behavior.
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c. group dynamics in developing good sporting behavior.
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d. situational factors in developing good sporting behavior.
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e. none of the above
Frage 54
Frage
Recent research by Moria Stuart indicates that children aged 10 to 12 had concerns about:
Antworten
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a. the fairness of adult actions.
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b. negative team behaviors.
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c. negative game behaviors.
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d. all of the above
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e. a and c
Frage 55
Frage
According to Arnold’s work, in order for character to be developed through sport and physical activity:
Antworten
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a. coaches should have to go through a certification process.
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b. character development needs to be a mind-set of physical activity leaders.
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c. teachers should have the children read more about character development.
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d. parents should be more involved with teaching character development.
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e. None of the above is correct; character cannot be developed through sport.
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