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Which of the following can be achieved through quality improvements?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the major categories of costs associated with quality?
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Poka-yoke is the Japanese term for:
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Foolproof
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Continuous improvement
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Fishbone diagram
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Card
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Just-in-time production
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A checklist is a simplistic form of:
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poka-yoke
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check sheet
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kanban
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Pareto chart
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Kaizen
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Which of the following is not a typical inspection point?
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when production or service is complete
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after a costly process
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upon receipt of goods from your supplier
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at the supplier's plant while the supplier is producing
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before the product is shipped to the customer
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To become ISO 9000 certified, organizations must:
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Have an onsite assessment
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document quality procedures
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have an ongoing series of audits of their products or service
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all of the above
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none of the above
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Based on his 14 Points, Deming is a strong proponent of:
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Total quality management emphasizes:
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a commitment to quality that goes beyond internal company issues to supplier and customers
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the responsibility of the quality control staff to identify and solve all quality-related problems
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a process where mostly statisticians get involved
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a system where strong managers are the only decision makers
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ISO 14000 certification
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Kaizen principle is focused on continuous improvement
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One of the ways that just-in-time (or JIT) influences quality is that by reducing inventory, bad quality is exposed
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The process of identifying other organizations that are best at some facet of your operations and then modeling your organization after them is known as:
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patent infringement
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copycatting
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benchmarking
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employee empowerment
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continuous improvement
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A Three Sigma program has how many defects per million?
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If 1 million passengers pass through the St.Louis Airport with checked baggage each month, a successful Six Sigma program for baggage handling would result in how many passengers with misplaced luggage?
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Techniques for building employee empowerment include:
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developing open, supportive supervisors
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building high-morale organizations
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building communication networks that include employees
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moving responsibility from both managers and staff to production employees
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all of the above are techniques for employee empowerment
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Pareto charts are a graphical way of identifying the few critical items from the many less important ones
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A cause-and-effect Diagram helps identify the sources of a problem
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Among the tools of TQM, the tool ordinarily used to aid in understanding the sequence of events through which a product travels is a:
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flowchart
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Pareto chart
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check sheet
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poka-yoke
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Taguchi map
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A fishbone chart is also known as a:
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kaizen diagram
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cause-and-effect diagram
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poka-yoke diagram
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Taguchi diagram
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Kanban diagram
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A manager tells her production employees, "It's no longer good enough that your work falls anywhere within the specification limits. I need your work to be as close to the target value as possible." Her thinking is reflective of:
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internal benchmarking
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Six Sigma
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Process control charts
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ISO 9000
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Taguchi concepts
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding control charts?
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control charts graphically present data
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values above the upper control limits imply that the product's quality is exceeding expectations
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control charts plot data over time
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control charts are built so that new data can be quickly compared to past performance data
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None of the above is false
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Some degree of variability is present in almost all processes.
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The Central Limit Theorem states that when the sample size increases, the distribution of the sample means (x-bars) will approach the normal distribution
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In statistical process control, the range is often used as a substitute for the standard deviation
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The purpose of an x-bar chart is to determine whether there has been a:
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change in the percent defective in a sample
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change in the number of defects in a sample
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change in the central tendency (mean) of the process output
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change in the dispersion (variability) of the process output
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change in the AOQ
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If the process average is in control, range must also be in control
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Mean (x-bar) charts and range (R) charts complement one another, one detecting shifts in process average, the other detecting shifts in process dispersion.
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The p-chart is appropriate to plot the number of typographic errors per page of text.
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A c-chart is appropriate to plot the number of flaws in a bolt of fabric
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The upper and lower limits for diving ring diameters made by John's Swimming Co. are 40 and 39 cm., respectively. John took 11 samples with the following average diameters (39, 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.4, 39.5, 39.6, 39.7, 39.8, 39.9, 40). Is this process in control?
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Yes, no diameters exceeded the control limits
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No, some diameters exceeded the control limits
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No, the range is not in control
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No, there is a distinguishable pattern to the samples
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There is not enough information to make a decision
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A process that is assumed to be in control with limits of 89 +/- 2 had sample averages for the x-bar chart of the following: 87.1, 87, 87.2, 89, 90, 88.5, 89.5, and 88. Is the process in control?
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Not enough information to tell
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Yes
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No, there is a distinguishable trend
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No, two or more consecutive points are very near the lower (or upper) limit
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No, one or more averages exceeded the limits
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an x-bar control chart was examined and no data points fell outside of the limits. Can this process be considered in control?
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(a) not yet, there could be a pattern to the points
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(b) Not yet, the R-Chart must be checked
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(c) Not yet, the number of samples must be known
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Yes
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Both A and B
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For a 3-sigma x-bar chart where the process standard deviation (sigma) is known, the upper control limit:
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is 3* sigma above the average of sample means
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is 3* sigma/SQRT(n) above the average of the sample means
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is 3* sigma below the average of sample means
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is 3* sigma/SQRT(n) below the average of the sample means
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cannot be calculated unless the average range is known
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A manager wants to build 3-sigma x-bar control limits for a process. The target value for the mean of the process is 10 units, and the standard deviation of the process is 6. If samples of size 9 are to be taken, what will be the upper and lower control limits, respectively?
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-8 and 28
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16 and 4
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4 and 16
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8 and 12
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12 and 8
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A manager wishes to build a 3-sigma range chart for a process. The sample size is 5, the mean of sample means is 16.01, and the average range is 5.3. What are the UCL and LCL, respectively, for this range chart?
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11.2 and 0
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31.91 and 0.11
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33.9 and 0
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6.3 and 0
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33.9 and 11.2
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Ten samples of a process measuring the number of returns per 100 receipts were taken for a local retail store. The number of returns were 10, 0, 11, 7, 3, 12, 8, 4, 6, and 11. What are the UCL and LCL for the p-bar conrol chart with 6-sigma quality?
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The assembly line is a classic example of a repetitive process
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A typical full-service restaurant uses a product-focused process
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The tool that calculates which process has the lowest cost at any specified production volume is a crossover chart
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A product-focused process is commonly used to product:
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low-volume, high variety products
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high-volume, low-variety products
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high-volume, high-variety products
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high-volume products of either high- or low-variety
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low-variety products at either high-or low-volume
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Which of the following products is likely to be assembled on a repetitive process line
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One of the similarities between process focus and mass-customization is:
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Which of the following characteristics best describes repetitive focus?
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operators are broadly skilled
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low volume, high variety
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it uses sophisticated scheduling to accommodate custom orders
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it is widely used for the manufacture of steel
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its output is a standardized product produced from modules
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High fixed costs and low variable costs are typical of which approach?
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(a) Product
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(b) repetitive
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(c) mass customization
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(D) process
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A and C
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Process X has fixed costs of $10,000 and variable costs of $2.40 per unit. Process Y has fixed costs of $9,000 and variable costs of $2.25 per unit. which of the following statements is TRUE?
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the crossover point is approximately 6667 units
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It is impossible for one process to have both of its costs lower than those of another process
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Process X is more profitable than process Y and should be selected
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Process X should be selected for very large production volumes
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Process Y is cheaper than process X at all volumes
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Process A has fixed costs of $1000 and variable costs of $5 per unit. Process B has fixed costs of $500 and variable costs of $15 per unit. what is the crossover point between process A and process B?
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200 units
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$5,000
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50 units
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$2,500
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$9,500
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Time-function mapping is a flowchart that is organized to show duration (and sometimes location) of each step.
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Fixed costs are those costs that continue even if no units are produced
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Break-even is the number of units at which:
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total profit equals total cost
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total revenue equals total cost
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total revenue equals total variable cost
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total revenue equals price times quantity
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total revenue equals total fixed cost
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Fabricators, Inc. wants to increase capacity by adding a new machine. The fixed costs for machine A are $90,000, and its variable cost is $15 per unit. The revenue is $21 per unit. What is the break-even point for machine A?
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90,000 units
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$90,000
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4,286 units
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15,000 units
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$15,000
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Consider a production line with five stations. Station 1 can produce a unit is 9 minutes. Station 2 can produce a unit in 10 minutes. Station 3 has two identical machines, each of which can process a unit is 12 minutes (each unit only needs to be processed on one of the two machines. Station 4 can produce a unit in 5 minutes. Station 5 can produce a unit in 8 minutes. Which station is the bottleneck station?
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station 1
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station 2
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station 3
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station 4
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station 5
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A work system has five stations that have process times of 5, 9, 4, 9, and 8. what is the throughput time of the system?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four principles of bottleneck management
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lost time at the bottleneck is lost system capacity
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release work orders to the system at the bottleneck's capacity pace
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increased bottleneck capacity is increased system capacity
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bottlenecks should be moved to the end of the system process
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increasing capacity at non-bottleneck stations is a mirage
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Effective capacity is typically larger than design capacity
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The Academic Computing Center has five trainers available in its computer labs to provide training sessions to students. Assume that the design capacity of the system is 1900 students per semester and that effective capacity equals 90% of design capacity. If the number of students who actually got their orientation session is 1500, what is the efficiency of the system?
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87.7%
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1350 students
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78.9%
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90%
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1710 students
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Manufacturers may want to locate close to their customers if the transportation of finished goods is expensive or difficult
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The reason fast food restaurants often are found in close proximity to each other is:
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Which of the following workplaces is the most productive?
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$10 daily wage, 1 part produced daily
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$500 daily wage, 100 parts produced daily
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$50 daily wage, 10 parts produced daily
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$30 daily wage, 5 parts produced daily
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$100 daily wage, 21 parts produced daily
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Evaluating location alternatives by comparing their composite (weighted-average) scores involves which of the following?
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The center-of-gravity method finds the location of a centralized facility, such as a distribution center, that will maximize the organization's revenue.
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The transportation model
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minimizes total production and transportation costs
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maximizes revenues
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minimizes total fixed costs
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minimizes total transportation costs
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minimizes the movement of goods
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Geographic information systems can assist the location decision by:
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updating transportation method solutions
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providing good internet placement for virtual storefronts
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combining geography with demographic analysis
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computerizing factor-rating analysis
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automating center-of-gravity problems
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The objective of layout strategy is to develop an effective and efficient layout that will meet the firm's competitive requirements
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A hospital's layout most closely resembles which of the following?
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product oriented
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work cell
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retail
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job shop
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project
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"A special arrangement of machinery and equipment to focus on production of a single product or group of related products" describes what layout type?
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intermittent production
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warehouse layout
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fixed-position layout
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work cell
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job shop
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Which of the statements below best describes office layout?
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addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings
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seeks the best personnel and machine utilization in repetitive or continuous production
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allocates shelf space and responds to customer behavior
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position workers, their equipment, and offices to provide for movement of information
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deals with low-volume, high-variety production
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In the office relationship chart, which rating reflects the highest importance for two departments' closeness to each other?
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Workspace can inspire informal and productive encounters if it balances what three physical and social aspects?
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privacy, persuasion, and permission
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proximity, privacy, and persuasion
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proximity, privacy, and permission
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proximity, persuasion, and passion
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proximity, persuasion, and permission
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The main goal of retail layout is
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minimizing storage costs
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minimizing material handling cost
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minimizing customer confusion regarding location of items
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maximizing profitability per square foot of floor space
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minimizing space required
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Which of the following is NOT a retail layout practice?
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use end-aisle locations to maximize product exposure
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use prominent locations for high-impulse and high-margin items
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locate the high-draw items around the periphery of the store
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distribute power items throughout the store
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all of the above are retail layout practices
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What is the primary reason retailers tend to locate high-draw items around the periphery of the store?
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more shelf space for those popular items is available around the periphery
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this arrangement allows customers to travel through the store as quickly as possible
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the arrangement will help to maximize customer exposure to other items in the store
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it is easier to put large advertisement signs on the outside walls right next to the items
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there will be less congestion of customers than there would be in the middle
Frage 71
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are not a part of Walmart's business practices
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are charged by retailers to stock a product
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can reduce the ability of small businesses to introduce new products
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can amount to as much as $25,000
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all of the above
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The major problem addressed by the warehouse layout strategy is
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minimizing difficulties caused by material flow varying with each product
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locating the docks near a convenient access point to the closest highway
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balancing product flow from one work station to the next
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requiring frequent close contact between forklift drivers and item pickers
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addressing trade-offs between space and material handling
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Cross-docking refers to which of the following
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docks are placed in the warehouse according to the direction (north, south, east, or west) from which the truck is arriving
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the same dock is used to unload and then reload the same truck
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the same docks can be used either incoming or outbound shipments
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warehouse docks are designed in the shape of a cross
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avoid placing materials or supplies in storage by processing them as they are received
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For which of the following operations would a fixed-position layout be MOST appropriate?
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Which type of layout features departments or other functional groupings in which similar activities are performed?
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fixed-position
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mass production
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unit production
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process-oriented
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product-oriented
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Mathematically, takt time is
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a fictional time increment similar to a therblig
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units required divided by workers required
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workers required divided by total operation time required
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total work time available divided by units required
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units required divided by total work time available
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With the "many suppliers" sourcing strategy, the order usually goes to the supplier that offers the highest quality
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which sourcing strategy is particularly common when the products being sourced are commodities?
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many suppliers
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few suppliers
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vertical integration
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virtual companies
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keiretsu
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A fried chicken fast-food chain that acquired feed mills and poultry farms has performed which of the following?
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horizontal integration
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forward integration
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current transformation
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job expansion
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backward integration
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A rice mill in south Louisiana purchases the trucking firm that transports packaged rice to distributors. This is an example of which of the following?
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backward integration
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keiretsu
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forward integration
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current transformation
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horizontal integration
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A restaurant runs a special promotion on lobster and plans to sell twice as many lobsters as usual. When this large order is sent to the distributor, the distributor assumes that large size is a trend, not a one-time event. the distributor therefore places an even larger order with the lobsterman. this behavior is the result of which of the following?
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vendor-managed inventory
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CPFR
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double marginalization
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postponement
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the bullwhip effect
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The bullwhip effect refers to the increasing fluctuations in orders that often occur as orders move through the supply chain
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The overarching solution to the bullwhip effect is simply for supply chain members to share information and work together
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Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of the bullwhip effect
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price fluctuations
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order batching
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demand forecast errors
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shortage gaming
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channel coordination
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Which of the following is the prescribed remedy when the bullwhip effect is caused by shortage gaming?
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Which of the following is generally found in most Lean environments?
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a push system for high margin items and a pull system for low margin items
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a push or pull system, depending upon the rate of demand
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a push system for purchased parts and a pull system for manufactured parts
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push systems
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pull systems
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Which of the following is specifically characterized by a focus on continuous improvement, respect for people, and standard work practices?
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Which of the following is specifically characterized by continuous and forced problem solving via a focus on throughput and reduced inventory?
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Which of the following is specifically characterized by the elimination of waste through a focus on exactly what the customer wants?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the Seven Wastes?
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transportation
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motion
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overproduction
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assignment
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defective product
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One goal of JIT partnerships is the removal of in-plant inventory by delivery in small lots directly to the using department as needed
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JIT systems carry inventory just in case something goes wrong
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Hidden problems are generally uncovered during the process of reducing inventory
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Characteristics of just-in-time partnerships do NOT include:
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large lot sizes to save on setup costs and to gain quantity discounts
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produce with zero defects
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focus on core competencies
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long-term contracts
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removal of in-transit inventory
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding JIT inventory?
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it exists just in case something goes wrong
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it is the minimum inventory necessary to keep a perfect system running
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it is minimized with large lot production
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it increases if setup costs decrease
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it hides variability