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Basics Quiz One

Beschreibung

Covers basic terms, ideas and practices of logical and critical thinking.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What is the meaning of the term "independent thinking?"
Antworten
  • "Independent thinking" means figuring out what your professor wants you to say and then putting your professor's opinion into your own words.
  • "Independent thinking" means remembering what your parents, priests or other authority figures want you to think and thinking that thing.
  • "Independent thinking" means ignoring what other people say and just applying your best understanding of logic to all the available evidence.
  • "Independent thinking"means looking into your heart to work out what you personally feel is the truth.

Frage 2

Frage
When someone makes a claim with complete confidence that it is true, her confidence by itself gives you a good reason to think that the claim is true.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 3

Frage
When you feel very strongly that something is true, and you believe it with all your heart, that gives you a good reason to think that it is true.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 4

Frage
When you are asked to think about a particular question, you should always start by thinking about what you already believe about the issue.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 5

Frage
If someone else has already logically analyzed an issue, you can give your own logical analysis simply by describing everything this other person said.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

Frage
If something you previously stated to be true turns out to be contradicted by all the available evidence, you can logically still go on saying that it is true.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 7

Frage
Smart people tend to be people who never change their minds about anything.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 8

Frage
It is possible to think logically without thinking about arguments.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 9

Frage
It is possible to think critically about the world without thinking about evidence.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 10

Frage
If you already believe something is true then you can logically assume it's supported by evidence.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
If someone can write an emotionally persuasive speech in support of a claim, then that claim is true.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 12

Frage
The logical thinker ignores rhetoric and looks for the facts.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

Frage
You can know that something is true without knowing of any reason to think that it is true.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 14

Frage
People who try to pressure you into agreeing with them are not being logical.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 15

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • A "fact" is something you believe to be true.
  • A "fact" is something everyone believes to be true.
  • A "fact" is something that anyone can independently verify to be true.
  • A "fact" is something that may or may not be true.

Frage 16

Frage
Select the one and only statement that is a fact about comets:
Antworten
  • Comets are omens of doom.
  • Comets sometimes have glowing tails.
  • Comets are an atmospheric phenomenon.
  • Comets are made by gasses burning in the upper air.

Frage 17

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • An "opinion" is something someone believes to be true.
  • An "opinion" is something someone else believes that is not a fact.
  • An "opinion" is something someone else believes that you don't believe.
  • An "opinion"is something that has been proved to be true.

Frage 18

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • A "judgement" is just someone's opinion.
  • A "judgement" is whatever you personally happen to think.
  • A "judgement" is an opinion formed by applying logic to the available facts.
  • A "judgement" is when you decide whether something is good or bad.

Frage 19

Frage
Critical thinking is when you think up reasons to support things you believe.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 20

Frage
When you've looked everywhere, but can't find evidence to support your beliefs, if you're being logical, you should:
Antworten
  • Keep looking, the evidence has to be out there somewhere.
  • Make up a plausible story that supports your beliefs.
  • Say that evidence exists, without saying what it is.
  • Change your mind and give up the belief you had before.

Frage 21

Frage
It's logically okay to ignore evidence that contradicts your beliefs.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
Once you've chosen a point of view you can't ever change your thesis.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 23

Frage
If you can't prove something, you shouldn't say it's true in a paper.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 24

Frage
You fulfill a critical thinking assignment by:
Antworten
  • Writing a paper that explains what you feel to be true about the subject.
  • Explaining what you think is logically implied by the available evidence.
  • Explaining what one or more other people think about the subject.
  • Writing a paper that gives all your personal beliefs about the topic.

Frage 25

Frage
"Evidence" is basically the same as "facts."
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 26

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • Vehemently expressed opinions count as evidence.
  • Scientific papers and other academic journal articles count as evidence.
  • The opinions of untrained people count as evidence.
  • A strong feeling that something must be true counts as evidence.

Frage 27

Frage
If you can't describe the evidence, you have no evidence.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 28

Frage
When a professor asks "can you prove X," she wants you to:
Antworten
  • Ignore the question.
  • Think about whether you can prove X, and change your mind if and only if you can't prove X.
  • Assume that X is not true, and go on from there.
  • Do your very, very best to prove that X is true.

Frage 29

Frage
If you believe X, that means that there is evidence for X.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 30

Frage
You should look at all the available relevant evidence before you decide what the truth is.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • "Empirical" reasoning is only used by scientists.
  • "Empirical" statements are statements about the meanings of words.
  • Things exist that are not supported by empirical reasoning.
  • "Empirical" statements are statements about the real world.

Frage 32

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • A statement is empirically true if it is passionately believed by someone.
  • A statement is empirically true if it is what everyone believes.
  • A statement is empirically true if it is completely supported by all the evidence.
  • A statement is empirically true if you strongly believe it is true.

Frage 33

Frage
Select the one and only true definition of logical support:
Antworten
  • A fact supports a conclusion if it makes you feel that the conclusion is true.
  • A fact supports a conclusion if it cannot be easily explained without assuming the conclusion is true.
  • A fact supports a conclusion if you write it in the same paragraph as the conclusion.
  • A fact supports a conclusion if somebody says it does.

Frage 34

Frage
Some empirical claims can be supported absolutely
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • A claim is only proved if it is absolutely supported.
  • A claim is only proved if it is absolutely or virtually absolutely supported.
  • A claim is only proved if it is at least compellingly supported.
  • A claim is proved if it is at least well supported.

Frage 36

Frage
If a claim is unsupported, it's still logically okay to say that it's true.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 37

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • When a claim is not proven, that means it's disproved.
  • When a claim is not disproved, that means it's proven.
  • When a claim is not proven, that doesn't mean it's disproved.
  • When a claim is proven to be not proven, that does mean it's disproved.

Frage 38

Frage
You can logically say a claim is true without compelling reason to believe it.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 39

Frage
You can logically say a claim is false without compelling reason to disbelieve it.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
You can logically say a claim is unproven even if you have compelling reason to believe it.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 41

Frage
You can logically say a claim has not been disproved even if you have compelling reason to disbelieve that claim. (Read this carefully before answering)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

Frage
Select the one and only true statement:
Antworten
  • You don't have a right to believe things that have been disproved.
  • You don't have a right to believe things that have not been proven.
  • You don't have a right to believe things other people don't believe.
  • You have a right to believe anythings you want to believe.
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