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The German kingdom raised by the pope to the imperial title once held by Charlemagne:
[blank_start]Roman Empire of the Germans[blank_end]
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Lands and the wealth they produce, given as a grant by a secular lord to a member of the clergy; a fief:
[blank_start]benefice[blank_end]
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The granting of the symbols of spiritual and temporal authority to a bishop:
[blank_start]investiture[blank_end]
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The practice by lay rulers of granting the symbols of spiritual authority to churchmen, such as bishops and abbots:
[blank_start]lay investitures[blank_end]
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Having to do with worldly or temporal matters, not spiritual:
[blank_start]secular[blank_end]
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The buying and selling of Church offices or privileges for money:
[blank_start]simony[blank_end]
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The beginning of the medieval reformation:
[blank_start]Cluniac reform[blank_end]
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The electors of a pope, established by Pope Nicholas II:
[blank_start]College of Cardinals[blank_end]
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One who claims to be pope while the true pope is ruling:
[blank_start]antipope[blank_end]
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First Roman Emperor of the Germans:
[blank_start]Otto I[blank_end]
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Second Roman Emperor of the Germans:
[blank_start]Otto II[blank_end]
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Third and last of the Ottos; reform emperor
[blank_start]Otto III[blank_end]
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Gerbert of Aurillac; pope, scholar, reformer:
[blank_start]Sylvester II[blank_end]
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Hildebrand; pope and reformer:
[blank_start]Gregory VII[blank_end]
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The German Roman emperor who fought Gregory VII over the right of investiture:
[blank_start]Henry IV[blank_end]
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A superior in a monastery or religious house; second in authority to the abbot:
[blank_start]prior[blank_end]
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One who has rank, power, or influence; a prince, duke, count, margrave, etc.:
[blank_start]magnate[blank_end]
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An assembly of princes gathered to make laws or decide on measures a government should take:
[blank_start]diet[blank_end]
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An official representative or emissary:
[blank_start]legate[blank_end]
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An expert in canon (or Church) law:
[blank_start]canon lawyer[blank_end]
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An agreement, compact, or covenant:
[blank_start]concordat[blank_end]