Cognitive

Frage	Antworten
Memory	encoding, storage, retrieval, explained in different ways by different theories
Forgetting	not remembering, which has more than one explanation
Storage	how information is retained in the brain ready for retrieval
Retrieval	getting stored information out of the memory
Repeated Measures	same participants are used in both conditions (different tests)
Independent Measures	different participant used in each condition
Matched Pairs	different, but similar participants are used in each condition. Effort is made to match participants on important characteristics which may effect performance
Experimental Hypothesis	is a statement of what is expected (is the alternative hypothesis)
Null Hypothesis	any difference or relationship expected is due to chance - there is no relationship or difference as predicted. Tested using statistics
Directional Hypothesis (One-tailed)	direction is predicted
Non-directional (Two-tailed)	no direction predicted
Independent Variable	is changed or manipulated by the researcher. This is to see the effect on the dependent variable
Dependent Variable	is measured by the researcher. It changes as a result of the independent variable
Participant Variables	age, gender, experience and mood of the participants
Situational Variables	temperature, noise, interruptions, light
Extraneous Variables	variables which might affect the results e.g. situational, participant
Experimenter Effects	come from cues or signals from an experimenter that can affect the participant's response
Double-blind technique	the participants are not aware which group they are in or what the study is about. Neither the person running the study or the participant know precisely what is expected
Single-blind technique	the participants are not aware of what is expected but the person carrying out the study is
Ecological Validity	whether it has real life applications
Capacity	the size of the store
Duration	how long the information remains in the store
mode of representation	the form in which the information is stored
Encoding	how memories are encoded, which means how they are registered as memories
Storage	how memories are stored, which means how they remain as memories after they have been registered
Retrieval	how we retrieve memories when the output is needed
Confabulation	means making up bits to fill in a memory so that it makes sense
Rationalisation	means making something make sense
Memory Trace	information is laid down and retained in a store as a result of the original perception of an event
Retrieval Cue	information present in the individuals cognitive environment at the time of retrieval that matches the environment at the time of recall
Context Dependent	the situation or context is different from that at encoding
State Dependent	the person's state or mood is different from that at encoding
Latency Period	time between signal and recall
Measures of central tendency	mode, median and mean
Mean	Average - adding up and dividing by amount
Mode	usual score
Mean	middle score
Range	measure of dispersion
Nominal Data	which are data in categories
Ordinal Data	which are data in ranks (Mode and Median)
Interval/ratio data	mathematical scores and all three measures of central tendency are suitable
Information Processing	what the cognative approach is about, including input, processing and output, and how these work

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	Erstellt von laurenfaulkner7 vor etwa 11 Jahre