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Karteikarten von vikkimatthews, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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| Chapter 6 Top-Down Processing | Information flowing down from stored knowledge using prior knowledge/experience which can influence our interpretation of sensory info. Gregory-Illusions can be explained in terms of top-down processing. Illusion is interpreted using prior knowledge of world. Important as explains some aspects of perception. |
| Chapter 6 Gibson's Direct Perception | Everything an individual needs for perception is already there in the sensory system. We perceive a dynamic ever-changing scene not static images. Bruce-Instinctive visually guided behaviour-Frog senses fly & reacts. Does not need to know anything about the fly or form a perceptual hypotheses. Important as influenced development of perception research. |
| Chapter 6 Bottleneck Theory Of Attention | Theory that argues that there is a bottleneck in the attentional system & that only a small amount of available sensory info passes through. Bottleneck operates very early in the system filtering out info on basis of physical characteristics. Broadbent-Split-span Procedure-Found recalling numbers easier when info was presented in 1 ear then the other. Important to understanding perception & explaining how we process things in different ways depending on circumstance. |
| Chapter 6 Limited Capacity Attention | Kahneman's theory that argues some sort of limited-capacity central processor in the brain. As this processor is limited some info cannot be processed. Posner & Bois- Dual-Task Study-Response times increased when auditory info was presented simultaneously. Important as helps explain how resources are allocated & the cognitive processes involved. |
| Chapter 6 Attentional Spotlight | Metaphor that explains how info might be filtered. Attentional "spotlight" illuminates only a small part of the visual field & whatever falls within that spotlight receives attention. Posner-Spotlight can be controlled. Can zoom in or out to focus or narrow or wider areas. Also applies to auditory information. Important as aids understanding of how we pay attention to things. |
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