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| Frage | Antworten |
| T/F: Quality is always directly correlated with cost. | F. Point of maximal quality and it starts to decrease. |
| What are the three types of economic analysis? | 1. Cost minimization 2. Cost effectiveness 3. Cost benefit |
| Cost minimization study compares the cost of two interventions of the same _________. | Benefit |
| Cost effectiveness studies compare the cost of two interventions with ________ benefits. | Different benefits |
| The benefit is measured in terms of _________. | 1. lives saved 2. number not hurt 3. persons able to live at home |
| Cost utility is the outcomes in terms of _____________. | Quality adjusted life years |
| Cost benefit studies compare costs and benefits in terms of ________. | Dollars |
| Quality-adjusted life year is _________. | 1 year of perfect health |
| To measure QALY, 0 means _____, 100 means _______. | 0 means dead. 100 means perfect health |
| EQ5D is a measure of _______. | quality of life |
| ICER stands for ____________. | Incremental cost effectiveness ratio |
| ICER is calculated by __________. | [difference in cost] / [difference in QALY ] x year |
| T/F: Costs is measured by how much the society spends on the intervention. | F. Cost of individual, cost of organization, cost of society. |
| Special analysis in CEA studies: | 1. Cost-effectiveness analysis planes 2. Cost-effective analysis curves (willingness to pay) |
| The cost-effective analysis plane is also called the ________. | Monte Carlo plane/ bootstrapping plane |
| Tornado plots demonstrates which estimates contribute most to the ________. | Variability |
| Two axes on Monte-Carlo plane | x-axis: QALY y-axis: cost |
| Two essential applicability questions to ask for economic analysis studies are: | 1. Could my patient expect similar results compared to those in the study? 2. Would my patients expect similar costs compared to those in the study? |
| Internal vailidy questions on economic analysis: 1. Did the research question clearly and accurately define the _____ compared? 2. Was the ______ of the analysis defined? (individual, societal, organizational) 3. Were the important and relevant __________ identified? 4. Were the ______ properly measured and valued? 5. Was appropriate allowance made for uncertainties in the evaluation by including a ___________ incorporating clinically sensitive variations in important variables? | 1. Did the research question clearly and accurately define the [OPTIONS] compared? 2. Was the [PERSPECTIVE] of the analysis defined? (individual, societal, organizational) 3. Were the important and relevant [HEALTH OUTCOMES] identified? 4. Were the [COSTS] properly measured and valued? 5. Was appropriate allowance made for uncertainties in the evaluation by including a [SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS] incorporating clinically sensitive variations in important variables? |
| Interpret the willingness to pay graph with given society. | Draw a straight line up. The higher cost-effectiveness is the better choice. |
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