Biopsychology- AS Level Key Terms Revision Cards

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AQA A Level Psychology- Biopsychology	Key Terms and Definitions
AS Level Content	AS Level Content
Nervous and Endocrine Systems Key Term	Nervous Systems Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS)	This nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is the centre of all conscious awareness. The spinal cord is responsible for reflex actions, transmits messages to/from the brain, and connects nerves to the PNS.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)	The PNS transmits messages from the outside world to the CNS, and messages from the CNS to muscles and glands. It is divided into the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.
Somatic Nervous System	Transmits information from receptor cells in the sense organs to the CNS. It controls muscle movement.
Autonomic Nervous System	Transmits information between internal body organs. It operates involuntarily (automatic) and govern vital functions in the body like breathing and digestion. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Endocrine System	Made up of glands which release chemical substances called hormones. This system works slower than the nervous system, but has a long lasting and strong effect.
Glands	Organs in the body which synthesise hormones.
Hormones	Chemical substances released into the bloodstream by glands that, alongside the nervous system, control vital bodily functions.
Pituitary gland	Often referred to as the 'master gland', this gland is found in the brain and controls the release of hormones by all other glands.
Sympathetic state	During the fight or flight response, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to increased heart rate and breathing, and inhibited digestion.
Parasympathetic state	This is the body's 'resting' state. Essentially, it is the opposite of the sympathetic state: steady heart rate and breathing, and normal digestion.
Fight or flight response	When stressed, the hypothalamus triggers the sympathetic state. The adrenal medulla then releases the hormone adrenaline. The sympathetic state and adrenaline makes the body physiologically aroused, ready to jump into action.
Adrenaline	Adrenaline is a hormone released by the adrenal medulla, a part of the adrenal gland. It has a powerful effect, especially on the cardiovascular system. For example, it increases heart rate and contracts blood vessels.
Neurons and Synaptic Transmission Key Term	Neurons and Synaptic Transmission Definition
Neuron	Nerve cells that process and transmit messages both electrically (within neurons) and chemically (between neurons).
Sensory neurons	Carry messages from the PNS to the CNS. They have long dendrites and short axons.
Motor neurons	Carry messages from the CNS to the effectors (muscles and glands). They have short dendrites and long axons.
Relay neurons	Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons. They have short dendrites and short axons.
Dendrites	Branch-like structures which protrude from the cell body and carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons to the cell body.
Axon and myelin sheath	The axon carries the nerve impulse from the cell body along the neuron. The myelin sheath insulates the axon, hence speeding up transmission.
Terminal buttons	Found at the end of the neuron, they transmit the nerve impulse from one neuron to the next via synaptic transmission.
Action potential	In its resting state, a neuron is negatively charged. If activated by a stimulus, the neuron becomes positively charged. This causes an action potential, creating an electrical impulse that will travel down the axon to the end of the neuron.

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Biopsychology- AS Level Key Terms Revision Cards

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	Erstellt von Grace Fawcitt vor fast 7 Jahre