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Karteikarten von Keanu Cross, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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| Frage | Antworten |
| What are shells? | Shells are orbits around the atom which contains the elctrons. The greater number of shells, the greater the atom energy. |
| What's an Atomic Orbital? | Each shell of an atom consists of atomic orbitals. These are the regions of space where electons may be found. |
| What is Ionic Bonding? | Ionic bonds are strong electrostatic attractions between positive and negative ions. They consist of a metal and a non-metal. |
| What is a positive ion? | A metal atom which has lost one or more electrons. They are also known as Cations. |
| What is a Negative ion? | A Non-metal atom which has gained an electron from a metal ion. These are also known as Anions. |
| Which of these can conduct electricity? 1. Covalent Bonds 2. Ionic Bonds 3 Metallic Bonds | 1. Covalent Bonds CANNOT conduct electricity 2. Ionic bonds can conduct electriocity ONLY when molten into a liquid or have been dissolved in a liquid 3.Metallic bonds can conduct electricity in all forms. |
| What is a Covalent Bond? | A covalent bond is an electrostatic attraction which causes two or more atoms to share electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms. |
| What is Metallic Bonding? | Metallic bonds are formed when two metal atoms are formed together. They are held together by the positive metal ions and the delocalised free electrons. |
| What is 'London Forces' | Also known as a 'Dipole'. As electrons are moving randomly within the shells of a molecule, they pass other electrons, this then causaes an uneven distribution in the poles. This short period connection causes a weak connection. The more electrons in the molecule, the more likely the occurance. |
| What is a Hydrogen Bond? | A Hydrogen Bond is an intermolecular attraction between a hydrogen atom and a lone pair of Oxygen, Nitrogen or Flourine. These connections are small and highly electronegative. |
| What is a Dipole-Dipole Force? | Polar Molecules such as HCl have permanent dipoles due to the chlorine atom and the fact that the molecule is not symmetrical. This causeone side to be positively charges, whilst the other is negative. |
| What is Relative Molecular Mass? | This term iss used when comparing mass of molecules with simple covalent structures. it is the sum of all the masses, of all the present atoms in the substance. |
| What is Relative Formula Mass? | This term is used when referring to substances with giant structures. It is the sum of all the masses of all the atoms in the formula of the substance |
| What is First Ionisation Energy? | This is the energy required to remove an electron from each atom in 1 mole of atoms in a gaseous state. |
| What if Electron Affinity? | Electron Affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. |
| What's the Atomic Radius of an Atom? What pattern does it possess? | The Atomic radius is the distance from the nuclius of the atomto the outmost shell of the atom. The pattern is that the atomic radius decreases across a period - this is because the charge increases but the shells remain the same, causing more attraction to the nucleus |
| What is Electronegativity? | Electronegativity measures the tendency of an atom to attract the electron pair in a covalent bond. Electronegativity increases up a group, as the bonding electron pair in the covalent bond will be closer to the nucleus attacting. |
| What's the pattern of Melting Points? | As you go across a period, the melting points tend to increase across groups 1 - 4 Then decreases across groups 5 - 0 |
| What's the pattern of Boiling Points? | As you go across a period, the melting points tend to increase across groups 1 - 4 Then decreases across groups 5 - 0 |
| What do some metals produce when reacting with water? | Metals from group 1 react immediately on contact with water, fizzing as hydrogen is produced, dissolving to form alkaline solution, and sometimes catching fire or exploding. They produce Hydroxides. |
| What is Redox? | Redox means Reduction and Oxidation. This is when elements lose or gain electrons; it can easily be memerised by OIL RIG. OIL = Oxidation is Loss (of electrons) RIG = Reduction is Gain (of electrons) |
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