Unit 5 notes

Frage	Antworten
Valence Electrons	Outermost electrons
Octet Rule	Must have 8 electrons to be full
Compound	Combination of two or more elements
Why do elements form compounds?	They want to be stable
What are the three types of compounds?	Ionic, molecular/covalent, metallic
What are ionic compounds made of?	Metal and Nonmentals
What are covalent compounds made of?	Nonmetals only
What are metallic compounds made of?	Metals only
Are valence electrons available to be lost, shared or gained in a chemical bond?	All of the above
Why do atoms gain, lose, or share electrons (bond)?	So they can have a full octet.
What is an electric dot diagram?	An elements symbol with its valence electrons drawn around it in dots.
What is an ionic bond?	Bond in which one atom gains an electron and one loses an electron
How do elements achieve a full octet?	By transferring electrons
What do ions form?	Cations and Anions
What charge do cations have?	Positive charge (metals)
What charge do anions have?	Negative charge (nonmetals)
What is the total charge of a compound?	Zero
What (in the formula) tells you how many atoms of each element are present in the compound?	Subscript
Covalent	Sharing of electrons (tug of war)
Non-polar covalent	Electrons are shared equally
Polar covalent	Bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons, charge is not distributed equally.
Molecular formula	Shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains
Diatomic molecule	Molecule consisting of two of the same atom
How many pairs of electrons can covalent bonds share?	Single, double, or triple
What are the properties of ionic compounds?	Hard, crystalline solids, brittle, water-soluble, high melting point, can conduct electricity
What are the properties of covalent/molecular compounds?	Soft, hard or flexible, usually less water-soluble, lower melting points, cannot conduct electricity.

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