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| Frage | Antworten |
| All connections present at birth are meaningful. | F. Some are not useful and start to die out. |
| Muscles more proximal are described more ________. | Ventral. Hence distal is dorsal. |
| Sensory afferents go to the (same muscle/ same location) after they are scrambled. | Same location. |
| Developing neurons have specialized axon endings that seek targets for synapse formation called _________. | Growth factors. |
| On the picture of a growing neuron, the green suggests _______ while the red tip suggest _______. | Green: neurites. Red: actin tips. |
| The flattened end of a growing filopodium is called a __________. | Lamellopodium |
| The blue stems where the red actins attach to are _________. | microtubules |
| Label the following structures on Purves 23.3 c) | 1. Leading edge 2. F-actin assembly 3. Filopodium 4. Microtubules |
| Label the four types of movement forces happening at a growth cone. | 1. contact-mediated repulsion 2. chemorepulsion 3. chemoattraction 4. trophic support |
| Different types of sensory neurons growing into the dorsal horn of spinal cord find their targets based on ________. | Different neurotrophins |
| T/F: After initial development, a muscle fiber may receive input from multiple motor axons. | T. |
| T/F: some muscle fibers retain multiple motor axons throughout a lifetime. | F. Only one axon per fiber due to reinforcement. |
| The more active axon will send _______ to its own synapse and another _______ signal to other synapses. | protective signal to its own synapse. Punishment signal to other synapses. |
| _______ gets to the stronger axon while ______ gets to the weaker axon. | stronger axon: synaptotrophins weaker axon: synaototoxins |
| A tutor giving the learner a template to follow, and possibly feedback about their performance is called ______. | Supervised learning. (in higher-level species) |
| No tutor, the learner explores environment without feedback is called _____. | Unsupervised learning. |
| What are the three stages of birds learning to sing? | 1. sensory acquisition 2. sensory motor learning 3. crystalized song |
| The two most involved cortex areas are ______ and _______. | 1. motor areas aka production (RA, HVC) 2. pre-motor areas aka learning but not production |
| T/F: the synapses are plastic and free to change. | T. |
| The starting point of development is called _________ | the genetic blueprint |
| The window of development is called _____ or ________ when the synaptic plasticity is best accessed by experience. | critical periods sensitive periods |
| T/F: if external stimulation is not availabel during critical periods, the organism may have to constantly relearn things. | T. |
| The study of cat eye monocular deprivation is an example of | critical periord of retina development. |
| The cellular level hypothesis of monocular deprivation is | Layer 4 cell in visual cortex is transitioned from inputs from both eyes to inputs from one eye. (LTP) |
| T/F: Producing another input that are highly correlated can induce ocular dominance. |
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