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Macromolecules and Polymers

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A level Biology (2.1.2 Biological Molecules) Karteikarten am Macromolecules and Polymers, erstellt von Yinka F am 23/01/2018.
Yinka F
Karteikarten von Yinka F, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Yinka F
Erstellt von Yinka F vor etwa 7 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage Antworten
What are macromolecules? Macromolecules are complex molecules with a relatively large molecular mass E.g. proteins, some carbohydrates and lipids
What are polymers? Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together E.g. most carbohydrates and all proteins Polymers are a group of macromolecules
What are monomers? Monomers are small, basic molecular units (e.g. monosaccharides and amino acids)
What is a condensation reaction? A condensation reaction forms a glycosidic bond between monomers, releasing a molecule of water
What is a hydrolysis reaction? A hydrolysis reaction breaks the glycosidic bond between monomers using a water molecule. It is the opposite of a condensation reaction
What elements make up carbohydrates? C H O
What elements make up lipids? C H O
What elements make up proteins? C H O N S
What elements make up nucleic acids? C H O N P
What are anions? Negatively charged ions
What are cations? Positively charged ions
What are the uses of phosphates? Vital for the formation of ATP, nucleic acids etc. Build and repair bones
What are the uses of hydrogencarbonate? Vital to pH buffering system Regulates pH in small intestine
What are the uses of nitrates? Source of nitrogen for amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, ATP and some hormones
What are the uses of chlorides? Important for osmotic properties of cell membrane Needed for CO2 transport in blood
What are the uses of sodium? Maintains electrical and osmotic balance Vital for active transport mechanisms
What are the uses of hydrogen? Energy production Found in water
What are the uses of calcium? Keeps bones and teeth strong Important for muscle contraction and blood clotting
What are the uses of potassium? Protein synthesis and respiration Nerve impulse transmission and other active transport systems
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