Cell Signalling V

Frage	Antworten
Important plant hormone classes + R location AGECBP	Auxins - IC Giberellins - IC Ethylene - IC Cytokinins - Cell surf. Brassinosteroids - Cell surf Photoreceptors - Cell surf BLUE IC Red
Auxins	Natural plant auxin is indoleacetic acid Produced in seed embryo, meristems of apical buds and young leaves
Auxin function	Stim. stem elongation, root growth + branching Enhances apical development Fruit development
Transport	A.T. unidirectional shoot-base Polar transport.
MOA (3)	Bind to Nuc. R, which is a ubiquitin L Binding promotes Ubiquitinylation + degradation of repressor protein Suppression of gene transcription is relieved
Apical Dominance	Apex of stem has actively growing apical bud Ap. bud suppresses lat. bud development/ branching Caused by Ap. bud producing auxin in abundance
Giberellins	Promote seed germination + growth of stems/roots (amylase/proteases) Flowering Break winter dormancy
Transport	Cell to cell transport Can act locally (paracrine) or on distant sites
MOA	Binds to cyto R, a ubiquitin L Hormone/R complex then translocates to nucleus Repressor protein is ubiquitinylated, degraded, and transcription proceeds
Effects	Turns dwarf plants to normal Makes seedless grapes huge, removing seeds removes gibberellin makes fruit growth retarded
Ethylene	Found in ripening fruit/ ageing leaves/flowers
Functions	Promotes fruit ripening Blocks auxin and promotes leaf abscission + flower senescence Response to mechanical stress
Transport	Pass through CW/air via diffusion
MOA	Ethylene R in ER/Golgi membrane W/O ethylene, R +'s KB-> + molecule C - of ethylene R prevents KB action, allows C to + D which influences transcription
Common plant kinase	Serine/threonine
Cytokinins	All over the place the cheeky slags
Functions	* Promotes Cell / * Inhibits leaf senescence Promotes auxiliary bud growth Chloro differentiation
Transport	Long distance / paracrine
MOA	+ promotion of cytokinin-sensitive gene expression L binding = + of kinase dom. of AHK R (Arabdopsis histidine kinase) IM AHP protein +pi His of ARR TF ARR +, gene transcription occurs
Regulating cell cycle w/ cytokinins	Histidine kinase use phosphate transfer
Brassinosteroids	All over the place, slags as well
Brassinosteroids function	Promote xylem differentiation Pt growth Seed germination Apical dominance Leaf senescence cell elongation Cell / in shoots
Transport	Cell to cell, paracrine, don't travel
MOA	Bind to cell surf R when has K activity Induces signal cascade Ultimately - an inhibitory K of a TF that activates brassinosteroid sensitive genes. (So quite selfish) This can +Pi Tyr/ser/threonine
Photoreceptors-Blue light	Contain either cryptochromes/phototropin/zeaxathin as ph. pig Cell Surf R
Red light	Phytochromes IC R
Phytochrome	2 SU that etect red light Portion w/ chromophore for light detection Kinase domain for catalysis
MOA	Resides in cyto Detects red light Translocates to nucleus modulates gene transcription by Directly binding and + TF Indirectly by +Pi TF
GPCR Plants vs. Humans	Image: Plant Human Gpcrs (binary/octet-stream)
GCR1/GPA1 knockout mutation	Viable, but weird phenotype

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