1309811
Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Smiley Freeman, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Smiley Freeman
vor etwa 10 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Adjacency Pairs | Conversational turn-taking between two speakers e.g. Emma "Hello, how are you today?" Jack "I am alright, how are you?" |
| Chaining | The linking of a series of adjacency pairs to build up a conversation. |
| Interruption | When a speaker begins to talk before the previous speaker has finished, in an attempt to take over the conversation and gain control. |
| Fillers | Sounds such as "erm", "um" and "er", which speakers use to fill pauses in speech. Some speakers also use expressions such as "y'know" and "like" as verbal fillers. |
| Deixis | A reference within a sentence that relies on the context being known to interpret correctly. e.g. "Pass me that!" |
| Hedges | Words or phrases such as "maybe", "perhaps" or "sort of" used to soften the impact of what is said or to make speech sound more polite. e.g. "perhaps you could put" instead of "you could/should put." |
| Divergence | The language used by speakers becomes less similar. |
| Convergence | The language used by speakers becomes more similar. |
| Stress change | Changing syllable stress to indicate grammatical contrast. |
| Prosodic features | The vocal aspects of speech (volume, stress, intonation) that help to convey meaning. |
| Minimal responses | Short, quick answers with little meaning. e.g. "Uh", "Yeah, okay", "Mmm" etc. *Such features can denote an unenthusiastic attitude, nervousness etc. |
| Monitoring talk | Words or phrases used to check or comment on what is being said. E.g. "Do you see what I mean? *Purpose: checks the speaker has understood; listened, invites listeners to agree or comments on what has been said. |
| Cooperative signal | Shows cooperation, and permission to continue with the agenda. E.g. "go on", "yes", "I agree" |
| Topic loop | Used to bring the conversation back to the original topic. e.g. "Any way...", "And so..." *Perhaps as a method of resisting topic shifts. |
| Dominance | When a speaker takes control of the conversation. *This is usually because they are very enthusiastic about something or feel they have authority over someone. |
| Repairs | A self-correction in spontaneous speech e.g. "An we ate our chips ... on the wa ... not on the way t ... in the café" - Repairing a false start. |
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