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| C2-chemistry revision notes proton numbers, mass numbers and the atomic structure | |
| Mass number- The number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus (added together) Atomic structure- The structure of the atom Proton number- The atomic number of a chemical element | Particle mass Electron- Nearly nothing Proton- +1 Neutron- -1 |
| Describing ionic bonding | Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond The ions are atoms that have gained one or more electrons (known as cations) and atoms that have lost one or more electrons (known as anions). |
| Recognising monomers of polymers | Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to form more complex molecules called polymers. Monomers form polymers by forming chemical bonds |
| A polymer may be a natural or synthetic macromolecule comprised of repeating units of a smaller molecule (monomers). Polymers are a much larger class of molecules which includes plastics, plus many other materials, such as cellulose, amber, and natural rubber. | When recognising the monomer, the answer is in the name. Example: poly(ethene) =ethan |
| Balancing equations | |
| C1- The periodic table | |
| LEARN- types of elements in the periodic table | Alkali metals Alkali earth metals Transition metals Rare earth metals Other metals Non metals Halogens Noble gases |
| Facts you should know about the Periodic Table: | Each horizontal row in the table is a period. Groups are the columns of the periodic table. Elements are lined up in rows based on their atomic number (the number of protons in their nucleus). |
| Element: One of a class of substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. | Compound: a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture. |
| Atom: All elements are made of atoms. an atom consists of a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. | Molecule: When atoms of the same element join together we get a molecule of that element. |
| C2- Metallic bonding Metallic bonding is the strong attraction between closely packed positive metal ions and a 'sea' of delocalised electrons. | Metallic bonding The particles in a metal are held together by metallic bonds. High melting and boiling points Metallic bonds are strong and a lot of energy is needed to break them. This is why metals have high melting points and boiling points. Conducting electricity Metals contain electrons that are free to move in the metal structure, carrying charge from place to place and allowing metals to conduct electricity well. |
| Ions | An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule |
| Alloys | An alloy is a mixture of two elements, one of which is a metal. Alloys often have properties that are different to the metals they contain. This makes them more useful than the pure metals alone. |
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