Rural Urban Links Key Words

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Rural	An area of countryside characterised by wide, open spaces.
Urban	A built-up environment where a lot of people live.
Population density	The average number of people per square kilometre. Usually expressed as densely or sparsely populated.
Location	A particular place or position.
Population	The number of people living in an area.
Urban-Rural Continuum	A continuum along which all settlements are placed.
Sphere of Influence	A region within which an urban area provides an important economic and social influence.
Counter-Urbanisation	The movement of people out of towns and cities to rural areas.
Primary Jobs	Jobs that involve getting raw materials from the environment, for example fishing, mining and farming.
Tertiary Jobs	Jobs that provide a service, for example teaching, medicine and retail.
Commuter Belt	The area around a town or city where people travel to work in the urban area.
Depopulation	The reduction in the population of an area.
Deprivation	The lack of key features that are regarded as necessary for a reasonable standard of living.
Cycle of Deprivation	The cycle where a family living in poverty is unable to improve its lifestyle due to the negative factors of low income, poor housing and education, which keeps it in a state of poverty.
Natural Population Change	The change in population from births and deaths only.
Migration	The movement of people from one place to another.
Social Factors	Factors that relate to people’s health, lifestyle and community.
Sustainable Community	A community which is able to support the needs of all its residents with minimal environmental impacts.
Political Factors	Factors that relate to decisions made by government, either national or local.
Death Rate	The number of people dying in an area per 1000 of population
Infant Mortality Rate	Number of deaths of children under one year of age occurring per 1000 live births in an area per year.
Ageing Population	Country which has a high proportion of people over 65.
Birth Rate	The number of babies born in an area per 1000 of population.
Economic Factors	Factors that relate to cost and finance.
Eco-Housing	Houses that are built to make them environmentally stable.
Greenfield Site	An area of land that has not been used before for building.
Environmental Sustainability	Improvements in the standard of living that do not cause long term damage to the environment.
Economic Sustainability	Development that ensures everyone has the right to economic improvement in the long term.
Social Sustainability	Development that is inclusive and ensures an improvement in the standard of living for all.
Brownfield Site	An area for redevelopment that has previously been built on.
Re-Urbanisation	People moving from the countryside back to urban areas.
Central Business District (CBD)	The main shopping and service area in a city.
Urbanisation	The growth of towns and cities.
Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs)	Middle-income countries where the pace of economic growth is faster than in other developing countries.
Mega-Cities	Cities with over ten million residents.
High-Income Countries (HICs)	Countries with a GNI of $11,456 or more.
Low-Income Countries (LICs)	Countries with a GNI of $1045 or less.
Pull Factors	Factors that attract people to a place.
Push Factors	Factors that make someone want to leave a place.
Informal Economy	Forms of employment that are not officially recognised, for example the money earned from irregular jobs or from working for yourself on the streets.
Globalisation	Flows of people, ideas, money and goods making a global web that links people and places.
Infrastructure	The basic structures and services needed by any society, for example roads, railways, water and electricity supply.

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