Cell Biology Questions

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GCSE Biology Karteikarten am Cell Biology Questions, erstellt von Darcey Harvey am 03/03/2019.
Darcey Harvey
Karteikarten von Darcey Harvey, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Darcey Harvey
Erstellt von Darcey Harvey vor fast 6 Jahre
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What is the main difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus, a prokaryotic cell does not
What type of organisms are prokaryotes? Bacteria
What is the function of mitochondria? Aerobic Respiration to release energy
What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? Cell walls, chloroplasts, vacuoles
How are xylem cells adapted to their function? They are dead, hollow and strong so they can easily transport water
How is a sperm cell adapted to its function? It has a tail so it can swim and many mitochondria for energy
What word means how many times bigger a microscope image is than its actual size? Magnification
What is the formula for calculating magnification? M = image size / actual size
What is the name for how bacteria reproduce? Binary Fission
How many pairs of chromosomes would you find in a normal human body cell? 23
What is a chromosome made of? DNA
If you wanted to grow some bacteria in the laboratory how could you make sure your plate was not contaminated? Wear gloves/wash hands, use a Bunsen to sterilise your equipment (such as the loop), only open the lid of the plate a small amount
What has to happen in a cell before it can divide? The DNA has to copy itself (replicate)
What is the name of the type of cell division that makes new identical cells? Mitosis
Why do you need cell division to happen in your body? To make new cells so you can grow and to replace old cells
What type of cells can change (differentiate) into other types of cell? Stem cells
Why do some people object to using stem cells in medical treatments? Religious and ethical objections to using stem cells from embryos
By what process can oxygen and carbon dioxide cross cell membranes in the lungs? Diffusion
What makes diffusion occur faster? Large surface area, higher temperature, bigger difference in concentration
By what process can water move across cell membranes eg in plant roots? Osmosis
What process requires energy from respiration to move molecules against their concentration gradient? Active Transport
What is moved into plants by active transport process? Minerals e.g. nitrate
What happens to plant cells if water moves out by osmosis? They become plasmolysed
What happens to animal cells if they take in too much water by osmosis? They burst
What name is given to a solution with lots of solute (eg salt) in it so it has more salt than the cells present? Hypertonic
What enzyme is produced by the salivary glands and what does it break down? Amylase breaks down starch
Why is the stomach acidic? It provides the optimum pH for the enzyme pepsin. It also kills bacteria.
What does bile do? It emulsifies fats to increase their surface area for the action of lipase
What is the job of the pancreas in the digestive system? It releases digestive enzymes
What are the two parts of the small intestine called? Duodenum and ileum
Why does the ileum have villi? To increase the surface area for absorption of digested food
What happens to enzymes if body temperature rises too high? They start to denature at high temperatures meaning the active site changes shape
Why does each enzyme only work on one substrate? The active site of an enzyme has a specific shape to fit a substrate like a ‘lock and key’
What enzyme breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol? Lipase
What are the 4 chambers of the heart called? Right and left ventricle, right and left atrium (plural = atria)
What is the only artery in the body to carry deoxygenated blood? Pulmonary artery (carries blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen)
What is blood made up of? Plasma carries the red blood cells. White blood cells are platelets
Why does your blood need to clot using platelets if you cut yourself? To stop bacteria entering your body and to prevent blood loss
Which type of blood vessel has very thin walls to allow exchange of substances with cells? Capillaries
Which blood vessels become blocked leading to heart disease? Coronary Arteries
Why do veins have valves? To prevent the blood flowing backwards as the pressure from the heart is low in the veins
Which layer of the leaf carries out most photosynthesis? Palisade mesophyll
Which layer of the leaf has air spaces for carbon dioxide to diffuse in? Spongy mesophyll
What name is given to the holes in the underside of leaves which are controlled by guard cells and allow carbon dioxide into the leaf? Stomata
By what process is water lost from leaves? Transpiration
What is translocation? The movement of sugars around the plant
How is xylem tissue adapted to its job? The cells are hollow and their walls are very strong
Why is transpiration usually faster in summer in the UK? It is warmer so water evaporates from the stomata at a faster rate as the water particles have more kinetic energy
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