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| Frage | Antworten |
| define disease | is any process or condition that adversely affects the normal functioning of a living thing or parts of a living thing |
| define spontaneous generation | that living organisms could arise from inanimate material such as rotting meat |
| define infectious disease | is caused by another organism or an infective agent known as a pathogen |
| define pathogen | microorganism that can cause disease |
| define non-infectious diseases | is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. |
| define communicable disease | a disease that can be transmitted from plant to plant or from animal to animal |
| define virulence factors | enables the pathogen to inhabit its host more effectively and may even enable to evade destruction by antibiotics |
| the 2 main reasons as to why an organism developing an infectious disease depends on... | -the pathogenicity of the microbe -the defense capabilities of the host |
| finish the sentence: "disease is the result of a loss of ...x... between ....y.... and ...z... | x= balance y=defence z=attack |
| bacteria are a single-celled prokaryotic organism. elaborate | -they have a cell wall but no cell membrane-bound nucleus or organelles |
| how does bacteria reproduce? | through a process called binary fission (dividing in 2) |
| define peptidoglycan | is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall. |
| what are plant cell walls made up of? | cellulose |
| define obligate intracellular parasites | they cannot live and reproduce outside a cell |
| what are the 4 main shapes of bacteria | 1) spherical (coccus) 2) rod-shaped (bacillus) 3) spiral (spirillum) 4) comma-shaped (vibrio) |
| define gram-positive & gram-negative | + = - = |
| define aerobes | bacteria that can survive in an oxygenated environment |
| define anaerobes | any organism that does not require oxygen for growt |
| facultative anaerobes | an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent |
| what consists of a parasitic relationship | bacteria that causes dieases o so by producing toxins or chemicals that are harmful to the hosts body, by damaging the host tissue directly |
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