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Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Amanda Monk, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Amanda Monk
vor mehr als 5 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Intuition | Intuition The act of process of coming to direct knowledge or certainty without reasoning or inferring. - Seen in the process of forming hypothesis |
| Problem with Intuition? | It does not provide a mechanism for separating accurate from inaccurate knowledge |
| Authority | A basis for acceptance of information, because it is acquired from a highly respected source. |
| Problem with authority? | Information or facts stated by authority may be wrong/inaccurate |
| Consult someone of authority for your study when...... | - Beginning stages to assess the hypothesis as testable - Design stage if you are unsure how to test a variable - You do not know how to interpret data |
| Rationalism | The acquisition of knowledge through reasoning Knowledge is acquired if the correct reasoning process is used |
| " I think there for I am" | Rene Descartes - Rationalism - 16th Century |
| Problem with rationalism | Not uncommon for two well-meaning and honest individuals to reach different conclusions |
| Rationalism is used for..... | Reasoning to derive hypotheses Identify the outcomes that would identify the truth or falsity of the hypotheses |
| Empiricism | The acquisition of knowledge through experience. "If I have experienced something, then iti s valid and true" |
| Induction | A reasoning process that involves going from the specific to the general |
| Deduction | A reasoning process that involves going from the general to the specific |
| Hypothesis testing | The process of testing a predicted relationship of hypothesis making observations and then comparing the observed facts with the hypothesis or predicted relationships |
| Falsificationism | A deductive approach to science that focuses on falsifying hypotheses as the key criterion of science. |
| Karl Popper | Falsifying/Falsificationism |
| Aristotle Francis Bacon Issac Newtown | Induction |
| Duhem-Quine Principle | The idea that a hypothesis vcannot be tested in isolation (i.e:Without making additional assumptions) |
| Hybrid approach to hypothesis testing | -Probabilistic thinking -Preponderance of evidence -Mixture of the positivists' verification approach and Popper's falsification approach |
| Naturalism | Popular in behavioural science stating that science should justify it's practices according to how well they work(Evaluate our theories based on their empirical adequacy - does the theory make accurate predictions, data support the theory & does the theory provide a good casual explanation of the phenomenon |
| Thomas Kuhn | Suggested that science reflects two types of activities -Normal Science Revolutionary Science |
| Normal Science | Thomas Kuhn The period in which scientific activity is governed by a singled paradigm or a set of concepts, values, perceptions and practices shared by a community that forms a particular view of reality. |
| Revolutionary Science | Thomas Kuhn A period in which scientific activity is characterised by the replacement of one paradigm with another |
| Paul Feverabend | - Argues anything goes in science -Science included many irrational practices -There is no such thing as the method of science, science has many methods |
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