Agricultural Revolution flashcards

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Industrious revolution	began in mid 1700s Britain/England then spread through Europe. It reformed the European economy through the invention of new machinery and technologies, establishment of factories, and creation of new jobs
Cottage Industry.	A domestic system in which people are paid by piece, every member of the family works hard to make money, unregulated, and people work everyday.
Guild system	An association of persons of the same trade or pursuits
Seed drill	Helps to organize fields in straight lines and less labor needed. Seeds were more likely to germinate because they were farther in the ground and covered in soil.
Putting-out System	Merchant capitalists loan raw materials to rural workers to make goods in homes and sell back to merchant capitalists .
Agricultural Revolution	The time period in Europe when the ways of farming changed with new inventions, ideas, and procedures. Leading to major changes in society, work force, government, and expectations.
Economic Liberalism	the ideological belief in organizing the economy on individualist lines, done by individuals
Navigation Acts	series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies.
Treaty of Paris	Negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence.
Atlantic Slave Trade (middle passage)	west coast of Africa were Europeans built forts that served as trading posts. European sailors seeking riches brought goods to these posts and traded them for human beings.
Rebecca Protten	Slave then freed black and white women who became part of the movement to convert African slaves to Christianity.
Colonial Enlightenment	Period of scientific reasoning to politics, science, and religion, promoted religious tolerance, and restored literature, the arts, and music
Debt patronage	a system common to regions of acute labor shortages,
Great Fire of London	The Great Fire of London began on the night of September 2, 1666, as a small fire on Pudding Lane, in the bakeshop of Thomas Farynor, baker to King Charles II.
Asiento	The English translation of the Asiento contract signed by Britain and Spain in 1713 as part of the Utrecht treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession. The contract granted exclusive rights to Britain to sell slaves in the Spanish Indies.
Proletarianization	The social process whereby people move from being either an employer, unemployed or self-employed, to being employed as wage labor by an employer
European Enclosure system	the process which ends traditional rights such as mowing meadows for hay, or grazing livestock on common land formerly held in the open field system
Open Field System	system of farming that divided the land to be cultivated by the peasants of a given village into several large fields, which were in turn cut up into long, narrow strips-fields open and not enclosed into small plots by fences.
James Cook	British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy.
Cult of sensibility	conventions of the genteel society that relied heavily on the exaggerated expression of emotions. Highly genderized, the mannerisms of sensibility came from the supposed delicacy of women that was related to the female nervous system
Rococo	Graceful asymmetric ornamentation in art and architecture that originated in France in the 18th century
The grand tour	Young English elites of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries spent two to four years traveling around Europe in an effort to broaden their horizons and learn about language, architecture, geography, and culture
Illegitimacy Explosion	The sharp increase in out-of-wedlock births that occurred in Europe between 1750 and 1850, caused by low wages and the breakdown of community controls.
Blood- Sport	Popular with the eighteenth-century European masses, events such as bull-baiting and cockfighting that involved inflicting violence and bloodshed on animals.
Wet- Nursing	A widespread and flourishing business in the eighteenth century in which women were paid to breast-feed other women's babies.
Just Price	The idea that prices should be fair, protecting both consumers and producers, and that they should be imposed by government decree if necessary.
Consumer Revoultion	The wide-ranging growth in consumption and new attitudes toward consumer goods that emerged in the cities of northwestern Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Janesism	A sect of Catholicism originating with Cornelius Jansen that emphasized the heavy weight of original sin and accepted the doctrine of predestination; it was outlawed as heresy by the pope.
Charivari	a cacophonous mock serenade, typically performed by a group of people in derision of an unpopular person or in celebration of a marriage.
Act of Union 1707	unified England and Scotland; the Scots sought the benefits of trade within the English empire
Bank of England	the central bank of England and Wales
Bullionism	nation's policy of accumulating as much precious metal as possible while preventing its outward flow to other countries
Water Frame	1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by horse or water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized loom
Corn Laws	These laws forbade the importation of foreign grain without the prices in England rising substantially
Edward Jenner	English physician who pioneered vaccination
Spinning Jenny	an early spinning machine with multiple spindles
Cornelius Vermuyden	One of the most famous Dutch engineers. He had large drainage projects in Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire—turned swampy wilderness into some of the best farmland in England.
Jethero Tulll	English inventor advocated the use of horses instead of oxen. Developed the seed drill and selective breeding
Madame de Courdray	influential, pioneering midwife during her lifetime
William Hogarth	English painter, print maker, pictorial satirist, social critic, and editorial cartoonist who has been credited with pioneering western sequential art.
Rose Bertin	French milliner and dressmaker to Queen Marie Antoinette. She was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and haute couture to the forefront of popular culture.
Carnival	a period of public revelry at a regular time each year, typically during the week before Lent in Roman Catholic countries, involving processions, music, dancing, and the use of masquerade.
Parliaments	the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons
Golden age of canals	This success proved the viability of canal transport, and soon industrialists in many other parts of the country wanted canals.

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Agricultural Revolution flashcards

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