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Karteikarten von Niki Jackson, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Niki Jackson
vor mehr als 5 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| What is the WHO definition of health? | a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" |
| Define pathophysiology | the physiology of altered health; the study of altered health and its manifestations via changes in cells, tissues, and organs |
| Explain the meaning of reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value as it relates to observations and tests used in the diagnosis of disease. | Reliability is the ability to reproduce results Validity is the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it was intended to measure Sensitivity is the proportion of people that have a disease and test positive for that disease (true-positive) Specificity is the proportion of people without a disease that test negative for that disease (true-negative) Predictive Value is the extent to which a test can predict the presence of a given disease |
| Define epidemiology | the study of disease occurrence in human populations |
| Compare the meaning of the terms incidence and prevalence as they relate to measures of disease frequency | Incidence is the number of new cases within a given time period Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease at a given point in time |
| Differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention. | Primary = preventing disease by removing all risk factors Secondary = detecting disease early when it is still curable Tertiary = preventing further deterioration after the disease has been diagnosed |
| Pathophysiology is the study of ________ and its manifestations via changes in cells, tissues, and organs | altered health |
| The WHO defines the state of ______ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. | health |
| The term ________ can be defined as an interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ structure | disease |
| The multiple factors the predispose a patient | risk factors |
| x | congenital defects |
| Defects or damage that occurs after birth are termed ________ defects. | acquired |
| x | diagnosis |
| ________ is not clinically apparent and is not destined to become clinically apparent. | subclinical disease |
| ________ is the study of disease occurrence in a population. | epidemiology |
| ________ is a measure of the existing disease in a population, whereas ________ is reflective of the development of new cases. | prevalence, incidence |
| Define the term pathophysiology. Compare and contrast that definition with definitions for physiology and pathology. | Pathophysiology is the is the study of altered health (the combination of physiology and pathology). Physiology is the study of normal bodily processes. Pathology is the study of disease manifestations. |
| How does the WHO define health? | a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity |
| Explain what is meant by the term clinical course. In your answer, address the differences between an acute disorder and a chronic disease. | Clinical course is the evolution of disease. An acute disorder is severe but short lived or self-limiting. A chronic disease a continuous, long-term process often with periods of aggravations and remissions. |
| Differentiate between a congenital condition and an acquired condition. | Congenital conditions are present at birth but may not be relevant until later stages of development. Acquired conditions are defects or damage that occur after birth. |
| What is the difference between syndromes and sequelae? | Syndromes are the compilation of signs, symptoms, and manifestations of a disease. Sequelae are injuries that come as a secondary result of the disease. |
| What is the importance of risk factors, and how are they determined for a given population? | Risk factors provide a window into a disease. It is possible to avoid risky behavior and therefore lower the chances of developing the disease. They are determined from studying a controlled population where most of the habits and practices are similar. Some of the most prominent studies are the Framingham Study (coronary hear disease) and the Nun's Study (Alzheimer disease). |
| Define etiology | cause of disease |
| Define mortality | characteristics of death-producing effects of a disease |
| Define morphology | fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues |
| Define cohort | group of people that share a certain characteristic(s) |
| Define clinical manifestations | signs and symptoms of a disease |
| Define prognosis | predicted outcome of a disease process |
| Define Evidence-based practice | using current and best information in treatment |
| Define prevention | halting disease progress or development |
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