1834117
Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Steph Blyth, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Steph Blyth
vor fast 10 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| social influences | impact of other people on one's thoughts, feelings and behaviours - even when alone. |
| norm | rule for expected behaviour |
| social norm: descriptive vs injunctive | Descriptive: perception of what others are doing (i.e. the gym is busy) Injunctive: 'ought to' statements (i.e. people should be active) |
| personal norm: introjected vs integrated | introjected: I feel guilty when I do not go to the gym Integrated: I go to the gym because being active is healthy and I am in the habit of going every day after work. |
| introspective illusion | most people falsely believe their behaviour is a result of common sense or logic, underestimating the degree of social influences, because these influences are so subtle and often not detected when being coerced. (no awareness/reaction) |
| reference group | 'keeping up with the joneses' ; our modern day reference groups are higher on the socio-eco scale than ever resulting in an increased pressure to spend and consume to keep up. we don't have to know them; they may not even be real to have influence |
| credibility of the source | need for scientific credibility; high social status does not = credibility (i.e. celebrities) |
| identity: ecological & social | ecological: ones experience of self includes being part of the natural world social: derived from a group |
| in group out group | stereotypes and expectations derive from social identity; the in group is held with more importance and authority |
| Justice: environmental | environmental: fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, color, national origin or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies. |
| distributed justice vs procedural justice | distributed: environmental resources, access, and problems ought to be distributed equally among different groups. procedural: the fairness with which environmental decisions are made |
| deep ecologists | other species have just as much right to their place on the planet as human beings |
| scope of justice | nobody has an infinite scope of justice; outsiders are seen as expendable, undeserving, irrelevant. |
| altruistic values | people care about the environment because of its relevance for other humans including children, community, future generations. |
| norm activation theory of altruism | people help others when situations elicit their feelings of personal obligation that is, introjected norms. (I feel guilty if I don't help; its uncomfortable to watch someone struggle) |
| VBN: Values Beliefs Norms | introjected norms; also, people will engage in proenvironmental actions when situations activate personal norms. activation of personal norms depends on ones beliefs about the issue |
| Pro-environmental attitudes vs behaviours and moral choices...(Krogan and Winter) | positive messages - increase attitudes negative messages - stress attitudes, increase behaviour |
| Theory of Planned Behaviour | predicts that intentions determine proenvironmental behavior, and that attitudes, norms and control determine intentions |
| subjective norm | the perceived social pressure to perform an action. Pressure can be from descriptive/personal norms. |
| behavioral control | believing one has the ability to perform a particularly environmentally relevant action, and believing that action will be successful in accomplishing the intention. ie Are you capable of change? Do you believe it will truly make an impact? |
| Community Based Social Marketing | strategy for promoting pro-environmental behaviour; focus attention on reducing barriers - encourages community memebrs to learn what specific barriers are preventing people from pro-environmental behaviour and stragetically designing interventions for reducing these |
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory | whenever one experiences a discrepancy between two thoughts, there is a tension. This tension is uncomfortable and therefore motivates us to take steps to reduce it, either changing a belief or a behavior. |
| CDT can be used to promote environmentally friendly behaviors with the foot-in-the-door technique...define. | fitd: agreeing to a small action increases your likelihood to undertake a bigger one. i.e. agreeing to have a greenbin in the household may increase your later likelihood of having a compost system |
| materialism | accumulation of wealth and possessions are a basic goal of life. |
| ecological footprints | lifestyle choices regarding food, transportation, and housing reflects ones impact on the environment. |
| social dilemma | conflicts between personal and group interests |
| what influences materialism? | social norms, reference groups and appeals to egocentric values - advertising, marketing ... brainwashing! |
| relative deprivation | the sense that one is less well off than others to whom one compares oneself (in media, attractive people, enjoying attractive things) |
| The 3 strongest predictors of happiness: | 1. close and supportive relationships 2. positive thinking habits 3. social acceptance and support for ones sense of meaning |
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